Panchet Formation

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Panchet Formation
Stratigraphic range: Early Triassic, Induan
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Type Geological formation
Underlies Supra Panchet Formation
Overlies Raniganj Formation
Location
Coordinates 23°36′N87°00′E / 23.6°N 87.0°E / 23.6; 87.0
Approximate paleocoordinates 55°30′S60°12′E / 55.5°S 60.2°E / -55.5; 60.2
Region West Bengal, Jharkhand
CountryFlag of India.svg  India

The Panchet Formation is an Early Triassic geological formation from the Damodar Valley of India. [1] [2]

Contents

It is among the few geological formations outside of Russia, South Africa, and China that documents the recovery of global ecosystems immediately after the Permian-Triassic extinction. It shares similar traits to some of these other formations, including the dominance of Lystrosaurus and the primary predators being proterosuchid reptiles. It also preserves a diversity of temnospondyl amphibians. [3] [4]

Palaeobiota

Synapsids

GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionMaterialNotesImages
Lystrosaurus

L. murrayi

A lystrosaurid dicynodont. Synonyms include L. orientalis and L. rajurkari. Lystrosaurus BW.jpg
L. cf. curvatusA lystrosaurid dicynodont.
L. cf. declivisA lystrosaurid dicynodont.
Panchetocynodon P. damodarensisA cynodont of uncertain affinity.
Thrinaxodon

T. bengalensis

A thrinaxodontid cynodont.Considered a nomen nudum. The specimen is lost.

Amphibians

GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionMaterialNotesImages
?Benthosuchidae indet.
Capulomala C. panchetensisA plagiosaurid temnospondyl.
Gonioglyptus

G. fragilis

A trematosaurid temnospondyl.
G. longirostris
Indobrachyops I. panchetensisA rhytidosteid temnospondyl. Indobrachyops panchetensis.jpg
Indolyrocephalus I. huxleyiA trematosaurid.
Lydekkerina L. sp.A lydekkerinid temnospondyl. Lyddekerina1db.jpg
Pachygonia P. incurvataPossibly a brachyopid temnospondyl.
Manubrantlia M. khakiA lapillopsid temnospondyl Manubrantlia jaws.png
Tupilakosaurus T. spA tupilakosaurid temnospondyl. Tupilakosaurus.jpg

Reptiles

GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionMaterialNotesImages
Samsarasuchus S. pamelaeA proterosuchid archosauriform.
 ?" Teratosaurus "T. bengalensisA dubious archosauriform represented by a single tooth, formerly considered a rauisuchian but most likely a proterosuchid. [3]
Ankistrodon A. indicusDubious proterosuchid.
Neodiapsida indet.A non-archosauromorph diapsid, known from an ilium. [4]

Fish

GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionMaterialNotesImages
Acrolepidae indet.An acrolepid fish.
Perleididae indet.A perleidid fish.
Chondrichthyes indet.A cartilaginous fish.
Ceratodontidae indet.A ceratodontid lungfish.

See also

Related Research Articles

<i>Ankistrodon</i> Extinct genus of reptiles

Ankistrodon is an extinct genus of archosauriform known from the Early Triassic Panchet Formation of India. First thought to be a theropod dinosaur, it was later determined to be a proterosuchid. The type species is A. indicus, described by prolific British zoologist Thomas Henry Huxley in 1865. One authority in the 1970s classified Ankistrodon as a senior synonym of Proterosuchus. Ezcurra (2023) found Ankistrodon to be a nomen dubium, as the teeth are indistinguishable from those of Proterosuchus. A second Indian proterosuchid from the same formation, Samsarasuchus, was also described in the same study, making it the only known valid proterosuchid from India.

<i>Chasmatosuchus</i> Extinct genus of reptiles

Chasmatosuchus was an archosauriform reptile from the early Triassic period of European Russia. One of the earliest described archosauriforms, it was over 2 m long and is thought to have behaved like a modern crocodile. Its mouth had two distinct features: the top of its jaw hooked downwards to aid in holding prey, and the upper palate was lined with a row of teeth—a primitive feature lost in later archosaurs.

<i>Parasuchus</i> Extinct genus of reptiles

Parasuchus is an extinct genus of basal phytosaur known from the Late Triassic of Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh, India. At its most restricted definition, Parasuchus contains a single species, Parasuchus hislopi. Parasuchus hislopi is one of several species belonging to a basal grade of phytosaurs, typified by the genus Paleorhinus. Historically, Paleorhinus has been known from better-described fossils, and many species have been lumped into that genus. Parasuchus hislopi, despite being described earlier than Paleorhinus, was considered an undiagnostic chimera until new neotype fossils were described in the late 1970s. Parasuchus hislopi and the two unambiguously valid species of Paleorhinus are all closely related; some authors have historically described them all under the species Paleorhinus, while others place the two Paleorhinus species into Parasuchus according to the principle of priority.

<i>Malerisaurus</i> Extinct genus of reptiles

Malerisaurus is an extinct genus of archosauromorph known from Telangana of India and Texas of the USA.

<i>Archosaurus</i> Extinct genus of reptiles

Archosaurus is an extinct genus of carnivorous proterosuchid archosauriform reptile. Its fossils are dated to the latest Permian of Russia and Poland, it is one of the earliest known archosauriforms. The type and only species is Archosaurus rossicus, known from several fragmentary specimens which cumulatively represent parts of the skull and cervical vertebrae. It would have been 3 metres (9.8 ft) long when fully grown.

Indolyrocephalus is an extinct genus of prehistoric amphibian belonging to the family Trematosauridae. It contains a single species, I. huxleyi, from the Early Triassic Panchet Formation of India. It was initially classified in Gonioglyptus, then into its own genus Indolyrocephalus, and then back into Gonioglyptus, but is presently placed in Indolyrocephalus once again.

Gonioglyptus is an extinct genus of trematosaurian temnospondyl within the family Trematosauridae. It is known from the Early Triassic Panchet Formation of India. It contains two species: G. longirostris and G. fragilis. The species G. kokeni from Pakistan has since been reclassified into Aphaneramma.

Pachygonia is an extinct genus of temnospondyl amphibian from the Early Triassic Panchet Formation of India. It contains a single species, P. incurvata. It may potentially be a member of the family Brachyopidae.

Jaikosuchus is an extinct genus of proterosuchid archosauriform. It contains a single species, J. magnus. Fossils have been found from European Russia that date back to the upper Olenekian stage of the Early Triassic.

Tsylmosuchus is an extinct genus of proterosuchid archosauriform reptile known from Western Russia. Fossils referred to Tsylmosuchus occurred over a wide area in sediments corresponding to the Induan and Olenekian stages of the Early Triassic. Most of these fossils are fragmentary neck vertebrae which were originally reported as sharing similarities with crocodile-line archosaurs (pseudosuchians) such as Mandasuchus. As a result, Tsylmosuchus was first described as part of the family Rauisuchidae, making it supposedly one of the oldest known archosaurs. However, its fragmentary remains do not show any of the distinguishing features of rauisuchids or even pseudosuchians in general, so Tsylmosuchus has more recently been interpreted as an indeterminate archosauriform. Although three species of Tsylmosuchus have been named, they lack diagnostic traits and are probably not distinct from each other. In 2023, Tsylmosuchus was reinterpreted as a proterosuchid, specifically a member of the subfamily Chasmatosuchinae.

Nambalia is a genus of basal sauropodomorph dinosaur. It lived during the Late Triassic period in what is now Telangana, central India. It is known from the holotype ISI R273, parts 1–3, partially articulated postcranial material and from the paratypes ISI R273, parts 4-29, including partial postcrania of at least two individuals of different sizes found closely associated and one of them is nearly the same size as the holotype.

Jaklapallisaurus is a genus of unaysaurid sauropodomorph dinosaur. It lived during the Late Triassic period in what is now Telangana, central India.The genus is monotypic, only including the species Jaklapallisaurus asymmetricus.

The Pranhita–Godavari Basin is a northwest–southeast striking geological structural basin in eastern India. The basin contains up to 7 kilometres of sedimentary strata of late Carboniferous/Early Permian to Cretaceous age. The basin is 400 km in length with a width of about 100 km and is terminated by the coast of the Indian Ocean on the southeast end.

The Lower Maleri Formation is a sedimentary rock formation found in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, India. It is the lowermost member of the Pranhita–Godavari Basin. It is of late Carnian to early Norian age, and is notable for its fossils of early dinosaurs, including the basal saurischian Alwalkeria.

The Lower Dharmaram Formation is a sedimentary rock formation found in Andhra Pradesh, India. It is one of the formations of the Pranhita–Godavari Basin. It is of latest Norian and Rhaetian ages, and is notable for its fossils of early dinosaurs.

Vonhuenia is an extinct genus of proterosuchid, a basal archosauriform from the Early Triassic of Russia. Fossils have been found in the Vokhminskaya Formation, along the Vetluga River that are Induan in age, making Vonhuenia one of the earliest archosauriforms.

The Yerrapalli Formation is a Triassic rock formation consisting primarily of mudstones that outcrops in the Pranhita–Godavari Basin in southeastern India. The Yerrapalli Formation preserves fossils of freshwater and terrestrial vertebrates as well as trace fossils of invertebrates. The tetrapod fauna includes temnospondyl amphibians, archosauromorph reptiles, and dicynodonts.

Gamosaurus is an extinct genus of proterosuchid archosauriform. It contains a single species, Gamosaurus lozovskii, named by Vitalii Georgievich Ochev in 1979.

Pamela Lamplugh Robinson was a British paleontologist who worked extensively on the fauna of the Triassic and Early Jurassic of Gloucestershire and later worked in India on the Mesozoic and Gondwanan fauna. She helped establish the geology unit at the Indian Statistical Institute and directed research in vertebrate paleontology of India in the 1960s.

Samsarasuchus is an extinct genus of archosauriform reptile from the Early Triassic of India. This genus has one known species, Samsarasuchus pamelae. Samsarasuchus lived a few million years after the Permian-Triassic extinction, the largest known mass extinction event. It was a member of the Proterosuchidae, a group of successful crocodile-like reptiles that survived the extinction event and were among the earliest successful archosauromorphs.

References

  1. Romano, Marco; Bernardi, Massimo; Petti, Fabio Massimo; Rubidge, Bruce; Hancox, John; Benton, Michael J. (2020). "Early Triassic terrestrial tetrapod fauna: a review". Earth-Science Reviews. 210: 103331. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103331.
  2. Bandyopadhyay, Saswati; Ray, Sanghamitra (2020-03-01). "Gondwana Vertebrate Faunas of India: Their Diversity and Intercontinental Relationships". Episodes. 43 (1): 438–460. doi: 10.18814/epiiugs/2020/020028 . ISSN   0705-3797.
  3. 1 2 Ezcurra, Martín D.; Bandyopadhyay, Saswati; Sengupta, Dhurjati P.; Sen, Kasturi; Sennikov, Andrey G.; Sookias, Roland B.; Nesbitt, Sterling J.; Butler, Richard J. (25 October 2023). "A new archosauriform species from the Panchet Formation of India and the diversification of Proterosuchidae after the end-Permian mass extinction". Royal Society Open Science. 10 (10). doi:10.1098/rsos.230387. ISSN   2054-5703. PMC   10598453 . PMID   37885992.
  4. 1 2 Ezcurra, Martín D.; Bandyopadhyay, Saswati; Sen, Kasturi (March 2022). "A new faunistic component of the Lower Triassic Panchet Formation of India increases the continental non-archosauromorph neodiapsid record in the aftermath of the end-Permian mass extinction". Journal of Paleontology. 96 (2): 428–438. doi:10.1017/jpa.2021.100. ISSN   0022-3360.