The Italian Communist Party was a communist and democratic socialist political party in Italy. It was founded in Livorno as the Communist Party of Italy on 21 January 1921, when it seceded from the Italian Socialist Party (PSI), under the leadership of Amadeo Bordiga, Antonio Gramsci, and Nicola Bombacci. Outlawed during the Italian fascist regime, the party continued to operate underground and played a major role in the Italian resistance movement. The party's peaceful and national road to socialism, or the Italian road to socialism, the realisation of the communist project through democracy, repudiating the use of violence and applying the Constitution of Italy in all its parts, a strategy inaugurated under Palmiro Togliatti but that some date back to Gramsci, would become the leitmotif of the party's history.
Palmiro Michele Nicola Togliatti was an Italian politician and statesman, leader of Italy's Communist party for nearly forty years, from 1927 until his death. Born into a middle-class family, Togliatti received an education in law at the University of Turin, later served as an officer and was wounded in World War I, and became a tutor. Described as "severe in approach but extremely popular among the Communist base" and "a hero of his time, capable of courageous personal feats", his supporters gave him the nickname il Migliore. In 1930, Togliatti renounced Italian citizenship, and he became a citizen of the Soviet Union. Upon his death, Togliatti had a Soviet city named after him. Considered one of the founding fathers of the Italian Republic, he led Italy's Communist party from a few thousand members in 1943 to two million members in 1946.
The Party of Italian Communists was a communist party in Italy established in October 1998 by splinters from the Communist Refoundation Party (PRC). The split was led by Armando Cossutta, founder and early leader of the PRC, who opposed Fausto Bertinotti's leadership and, especially, his decision to withdraw support from Romano Prodi's first cabinet. In December 2014, the party was transformed into the Communist Party of Italy (PCd'I), which would later evolve into the new version of the Italian Communist Party (PCI).
Neo-Guelphism was a 19th-century Italian political movement, started by Vincenzo Gioberti, which wanted to unite Italy into a single kingdom with the Pope as its king. Despite little popular support, the movement raised interests among intellectuals, journalists and Catholic reformist politicians. They were also linked both to ontologism, a philosophical movement, and to rationalist-leaning theology.
Fausto Bertinotti is an Italian politician who led the Communist Refoundation Party from 1994 to 2006. On 29 April 2006, after the centre-left coalition's victory in the Italian general election, he was elected President of the Chamber of Deputies, a position he held until 2008.
Unified Communist Party of Italy was a political party in Italy. The party upheld the Three Worlds Theory and retained contacts with the Chinese Communist Party following the death of Mao Zedong. The party vehemently opposed the Soviet Union and the Italian Communist Party. It was led by Osvaldo Pesce. The party published the journal Linea proletaria.
Gianni Baget Bozzo was an Italian Catholic priest and politician.
Giuseppe Spataro was an Italian politician.
The Italian Marxist–Leninist Party is a political party in Italy. Founded in Florence on 9 April 1977 as an anti-revisionist Communist party, the leading core of the PMLI began their political activity as they joined the Communist Party of Italy (Marxist–Leninist) in 1967. The group broke away from the PCd'I (ml) in 1969 and formed the Marxist–Leninist Italian Bolshevik Communist Organization. In 1977, the OCBIml was transformed into the PMLI. The party's general secretary is Giovanni Scuderi. Its official newspaper is called Il Bolscevico. During its history, the PMLI did not take part to any national, European, or local election.
The Bertinottiani were an Italian political faction around Fausto Bertinotti, the leader of the Communist Refoundation Party (PRC) from 1994 to 2006.
The Genoa Social Forum is a coalition of movements, political parties and societies opposed to capitalist globalisation. It was created in 2000, a year before the scheduled 27th G8 summit in Genoa in 2001, and included several associations - and hundreds of smaller ones - largely but not solely from Italy. Although it made several requests to meet the institutional representatives, as a forerunner of a counter-forum, on June 24, 2001 they were met by police chief Gianni De Gennaro. Its national spokesperson was Vittorio Agnoletto, former MEP for the Communist Refoundation Party.
Vittorio Foa was an Italian politician, trade unionist, journalist, and writer.
The Communist Party of Fiume was instituted in November 1921, after the proclamation of the Free State of Fiume created by the Treaty of Rapallo. The Communist Party of Fiume was the smallest Communist Party in the world at the time. It was founded following the principles of the Third International, according to which each sovereign State had to have its own Communist Party organization.
The Federation of the Left was an electoral alliance of communist political parties in Italy. The coalition was the evolution of the Anticapitalist and Communist List.
The Communist Party is an anti-revisionist Marxist–Leninist communist party in Italy, founded in 2009. It defines itself as "the revolutionary political vanguard organization of the working class in Italy". It was a founding member of the Initiative of Communist and Workers' Parties (INITIATIVE) and remained as such from 2013 until the association's dissolution.
Aldo Tortorella is an Italian journalist, former politician and partisan. He was a historical member of the Italian Communist Party.
The Communist Refoundation Party is a communist political party in Italy that emerged from a split of the Italian Communist Party (PCI) in 1991. The party's secretary is Maurizio Acerbo, who replaced Paolo Ferrero in 2017. Armando Cossutta was the party's founder, while Fausto Bertinotti its longest-serving leader (1994–2008). The latter transformed the PRC from a traditional communist party into a collection of radical social movements.
Adriano Ossicini was an Italian partisan, politician, psychiatrist, academic, and Minister for Family and Social Solidarity in the Dini Cabinet.
Catholic communism, also known as White Bolshevism, is a form of Christian communism that combines Catholicism with communism. Known as cattocomunismo in Italian, Catholic communism first emerged in Italy in the 1930s amongst the members of Catholic Action. Catholic communists embraced communism as the realization of Catholic social teaching and accepted historical materialism, but also rejected the dialectical materialism and atheism of Marxist-Leninism.
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