Peedee Formation | |
---|---|
Stratigraphic range: Early to Late Maastrichtian, | |
Type | Formation |
Sub-units | Rocky Point Member, Island Creek Member |
Underlies | Castle Hayne Limestone |
Overlies | Black Creek Group |
Thickness | Up to 886 ft (270 m) |
Lithology | |
Primary | Glauconitic to argillic sandstone |
Other | Claystone, limestone |
Location | |
Region | North Carolina South Carolina |
Country | United States |
Type section | |
Named for | Pee Dee River, type locality: Burches Ferry, South Carolina [1] |
The Peedee Formation is a geologic formation in North and South Carolina. A marine deposit, named for exposures along the Great Peedee River, it preserves invertebrate (primarily belemnites, echinoderms and foraminifera) and vertebrate (primarily shark teeth, with some marine reptile remains) fossils dating to the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian). [1]
The formation is notable for its occurrence of Belemnitella americana , known as the Pee Dee Belemnite (PDB), a long-standing standard in stable carbon isotope research. A single pterosaur femur, possibly an Azhdarchid, from the Peedee formation is one of the few pterosaur body fossils found in Eastern North America. [2]
The stratigraphy of the formation spans from the early Maastrichtian (in South Carolina) [3] to the late Maastrichtian shortly before the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event. The formation is divided into several members, including the early-mid Maastrichtian Rocky Point Member and the late Maastrichtian Island Creek Member. [4] Based on its fauna, it appears to be roughly concurrent with the Navesink Formation from New Jersey. [2]
Bsaed on Case et al (2017): [4]
Genus | Species | Location | Member | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anomotodon | A. cf. toddi | Martin-Marietta Castle Hayne Quarry, North Carolina | Island Creek | A goblin shark. | |
Archaeolamna | A. kopingensis | Duplin County, North Carolina | An archaeolamnid mackerel shark. | ||
Cantioscyllium | C. cf. meyeri | Martin-Marietta Castle Hayne Quarry, North Carolina | Island Creek | A nurse shark. | |
Carcharias | C. cf. samhammeri | Martin-Marietta Castle Hayne Quarry, North Carolina | Island Creek | A sand shark, related to the modern sand tiger shark. | |
Cretalamna | C. maroccana | Martin-Marietta Castle Hayne Quarry, North Carolina | Island Creek | A megatooth shark. | |
Heterodontus | H. granti | Martin-Marietta Castle Hayne Quarry, North Carolina | Island Creek | A bullhead shark. | |
" Hybodus " | "H." sp. | Duplin County, North Carolina | A hybodont shark. | ||
Notidanodon | N. sp. | Martin-Marietta Castle Hayne Quarry, North Carolina | Island Creek | A cow shark. Teeth damaged but resemble those of the widespread species N. dentatus. | |
Odontaspis | O. aculeatus | Martin-Marietta Castle Hayne Quarry, North Carolina | Island Creek | A sand shark. | |
Palaeogaleus | P. sp. | Martin-Marietta Castle Hayne Quarry, North Carolina | Island Creek | A houndshark. | |
Plicatoscyllium | P. antiquum | Martin-Marietta Castle Hayne Quarry, North Carolina | A nurse shark. | ||
P. derameei | |||||
Pseudocorax | P. cf. affinis | Martin-Marietta Castle Hayne Quarry, North Carolina | Island Creek | A pseudocoracid mackerel shark. | |
Scapanorhynchus | S. texanus | Duplin County, North Carolina | A goblin shark. | ||
Serratolamna | S. serrata | Martin-Marietta Castle Hayne Quarry, North Carolina | Island Creek | A serratolamnid mackerel shark. | |
Squalicorax | S. kaupi | Martin-Marietta Castle Hayne Quarry, North Carolina | Island Creek | A crow shark. | |
S. pristodontus | |||||
Squalus | S. huntensis | Martin-Marietta Castle Hayne Quarry, North Carolina | Island Creek | A spurdog. |
Genus | Species | Location | Member | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dasyatis | D. commercensis | Martin-Marietta Castle Hayne Quarry, North Carolina | Island Creek | A whiptail stingray. | |
Ischyrhiza | I. avonicola | Martin-Marietta Castle Hayne Quarry, North Carolina | Island Creek | A sawskate. | |
I. mira | |||||
Ptychotrygon | P. clementsi | Martin-Marietta Castle Hayne Quarry, North Carolina | Island Creek | A ptychotrygonid sawskate. | |
Raja | R. farishi | Martin-Marietta Castle Hayne Quarry, North Carolina | Island Creek | A skate. | |
Rhinobatos | R. sp. | Martin-Marietta Castle Hayne Quarry, North Carolina | Island Creek | A guitarfish, tentatively placed in Rhinobatos. | |
Rhombodus | R. binkhorsti | Martin-Marietta Castle Hayne Quarry, North Carolina | Island Creek | A rhombodontid stingray. | |
Sclerorhynchus | S. cf. pettersi | Martin-Marietta Castle Hayne Quarry, North Carolina | Island Creek | A ganopristid sawskate. |
Genus | Species | Location | Member | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Enchodus | E. sp. | East Coast Limestone Quarry, North Carolina | Rocky Point | An enchodontid aulopiform. [2] |
Genus | Species | Location | Member | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
cf. Azhdarchidae indet. | East Coast Limestone Quarry | Rocky Point | A potential azhdarchid, known from a femur closely resembling that of Azhdarcho . [2] |
Genus | Species | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|
Borealosuchus | B. sp. | Diamondhead Loop Road, South Carolina | A eusuchian. [3] |
Genus | Species | Location | Member | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Peritresius | P. ornatus | East Coast Limestone Quarry, North Carolina Allison Ferry, South Carolina | Rocky Point | A pancheloniid sea turtle. [2] | |
" Trionyx " | "T." halophilus | Lynchburg, South Carolina | A stem-trionychian. [3] |
Genus | Species | Location | Member | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cimoliasaurus | C. magnus | East Coast Limestone Quarry, North Carolina | Rocky Point | An elasmosaurid. [2] |
Genus | Species | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|
Halisaurus | H. sp. | Holden Beach, North Carolina | A halisaurine. [5] | |
Mosasaurus | M. cf. beaugei | Holden Beach, North Carolina | A mosasaurine. [5] | |
M. cf. hoffmannii | ||||
Prognathodon | P. cf. solvayi | Holden Beach, North Carolina ?Myrtle Beach, South Carolina | A mosasaurine. [5] | |
Prognathodontini indet. | Holden Beach, North Carolina | An indeterminate mosasaurine with large teeth, reminiscent of Thalassotitan . [5] | ||
Tylosaurus | T. sp. | Diamondhead Loop Road, South Carolina | A tylosaurine. [3] |
Genus | Species | Location | Member | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cardiaster | C. leonensis | East Coast Limestone Quarry, North Carolina | Rocky Point | A holasterid. | |
Catopygus | C. mississippiensis | East Coast Limestone Quarry, North Carolina | A cassidulid. | ||
Hardouinia | H. aequoria | Wadsworth Marl Pit, North Carolina Niels Eddy Landing, North Carolina East Coast Limestone Quarry, North Carolina Myrtle Beach, South Carolina | A cassiduloid. | ||
H. kellumi | |||||
H. mortonia | |||||
Faujasia | F. chelonium | East Coast Limestone Quarry, North Carolina | A sand dollar. | ||
Lefortia | L. trojana | East Coast Limestone Quarry, North Carolina | A sand dollar. | ||
Linthia | L. variabilis | East Coast Limestone Quarry, North Carolina | A schizasterid heart urchin. | ||
Porosoma | P. sp. | East Coast Limestone Quarry, North Carolina | A phymosomatid. |
Genus | Species | Location | Member | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aldebarania | A. arenitea | Martin-Marietta Castle Hayne Quarry, North Carolina | Rocky Point | An astropectinid. [6] |
The Peedee Formation preserves some of the latest-occurring remains of the Roveacrinida, an extinct order of minute, pelagic crinoids. [7]
Genus | Species | Location | Member | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Applinocrinus | A. texanus | Wilmington, North Carolina | An applinocrinine saccocomid. | ||
Birgelocrinus | B. degraafi | Wilmington, North Carolina | An hessicrinine saccocomid. | ||
Lucernacrinus | B. degraafi | Wilmington, North Carolina | An hessicrinine saccocomid. | ||
B. jagti | |||||
Peedeecrinus | P. sadorfi | Wilmington, North Carolina | An applinocrinine saccocomid. |
Genus | Species | Location | Member | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Belemnitella | B. americana | East Coast Limestone Quarry, North Carolina Black Rock Landing, North Carolina | Rocky Point | A belemnite, source of the famous "Pee Dee Belemnite". | |
Sphenodiscus | S. lobatus | East Coast Limestone Quarry, North Carolina | Rocky Point | A sphenodiscid ammonite. |
The Hell Creek Formation is an intensively studied division of mostly Upper Cretaceous and some lower Paleocene rocks in North America, named for exposures studied along Hell Creek, near Jordan, Montana. The formation stretches over portions of Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming. In Montana, the Hell Creek Formation overlies the Fox Hills Formation. The site of Pompeys Pillar National Monument is a small isolated section of the Hell Creek Formation. In 1966, the Hell Creek Fossil Area was designated as a National Natural Landmark by the National Park Service.
The Pteranodontidae are a family of large pterosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of North America and possibly other continents including Europe and Africa. The family was named in 1876 by Othniel Charles Marsh. Pteranodontids had a distinctive, elongated crest jutting from the rear of the head. The spectacularly-crested Nyctosaurus is sometimes included in this family, though usually placed in its own family, the Nyctosauridae.
Cimoliasaurus was a plesiosaur that lived during the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) of the eastern United States, with fossils known from New Jersey, North Carolina, and Maryland.
The McRae Group is a geological group exposed in southern New Mexico whose strata, including layers of the Hall Lake Formation and Jose Creek Formation, date to the Late Cretaceous. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from this unit.
The Javelina Formation is a geological formation in Texas. Dating has shown that the strata date to the Maastrichtian stage of the Late Cretaceous, approximately 70 to 66.5 million years old. The middle part of the formation has been dated to about 69 million years ago plus or minus 1 million years and the top situated near the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary, dated to 66 Ma ago. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.
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The Moreno Formation is a Mesozoic geologic formation located in San Joaquin Valley (California).
Dinosaur remains diagnostic to the genus level are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.
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