Phyllostachys

Last updated

Contents

Phyllostachys
Phyllostachys.jpg
Phyllostachys nigra
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Poaceae
Subfamily: Bambusoideae
Tribe: Arundinarieae
Subtribe: Arundinariinae
Genus: Phyllostachys
Siebold & Zucc.
Synonyms [1]

SinoarundinariaOhwi

Phyllostachys ( /ˌfɪlˈstækɪs,-lə-,-ˈst-/ [2] [3] ) is a genus of Asian bamboo in the grass family. [4] [5] [6] Many of the species are found in central and southern China, with a few species in northern Indochina and in the Himalayas. Some of the species have become naturalized in parts of Asia, Australia, the Americas, and southern Europe. [7]

The stem or culm has a prominent groove, called a sulcus, that runs along the length of each segment (or internode). Because of this, it is one of the most easily identifiable genera of bamboo. Most of the species spread aggressively by underground rhizomes. [7] Being pioneer plants, phyllostachys species will not spread quickly or achieve mature height without access to direct sunlight throughout most of the day.

Some species of Phyllostachys grow to 100 ft (30 m) tall in optimum conditions. Some of the larger species, sometimes known as "timber bamboo", are used as construction timber and for making furniture. [7] Several species are cultivated as ornamental plants, though they can become invasive and troublesome in gardens, unless artificially restricted or grown in containers. [8]

The name Phyllostachys means "leaf spike" and refers to the inflorescences. [9]

Taxonomy

Species [10]
  1. Phyllostachys acuta
  2. Phyllostachys angusta
  3. Phyllostachys arcana
  4. Phyllostachys atrovaginata
  5. Phyllostachys aurea
  6. Phyllostachys aureosulcata
  7. Phyllostachys bambusoides
  8. Phyllostachys bissetii
  9. Phyllostachys carnea
  10. Phyllostachys circumpilis
  11. Phyllostachys dulcis
  12. Phyllostachys edulis
  13. Phyllostachys elegans
  14. Phyllostachys fimbriligula
  15. Phyllostachys flexuosa
  16. Phyllostachys glabrata
  17. Phyllostachys glauca
  18. Phyllostachys guizhouensis
  19. Phyllostachys heteroclada
  20. Phyllostachys incarnata
  21. Phyllostachys iridescens
  22. Phyllostachys kwangsiensis
  23. Phyllostachys lofushanensis
  24. Phyllostachys mannii
  25. Phyllostachys meyeri
  26. Phyllostachys nidularia
  27. Phyllostachys nigella
  28. Phyllostachys nigra
  29. Phyllostachys nuda
  30. Phyllostachys parvifolia
  31. Phyllostachys platyglossa
  32. Phyllostachys prominens
  33. Phyllostachys propinqua
  34. Phyllostachys rivalis
  35. Phyllostachys robustiramea
  36. Phyllostachys rubicunda
  37. Phyllostachys rubromarginata
  38. Phyllostachys rutila
  39. Phyllostachys shuchengensis
  40. Phyllostachys stimulosa
  41. Phyllostachys sulphurea
  42. Phyllostachys tianmuensis
  43. Phyllostachys varioauriculata
  44. Phyllostachys veitchiana
  45. Phyllostachys verrucosa
  46. Phyllostachys violascens
  47. Phyllostachys virella
  48. Phyllostachys viridiglaucescens
  49. Phyllostachys vivax
Formerly included [1]

species now considered better suited to other genera: Bambusa Chimonobambusa Pseudosasa Semiarundinaria Shibataea

Ecology

Fungi and pathogens growing specifically on Phyllostachys have phyllostachydis or phyllostachydicola species epithets.

Regulations

Connecticut property owners are liable for the cost of removing Phyllostachys bamboo that grows onto neighboring property, any resulting damages, and fines of $100 per day for growing this bamboo within 40 ft of any adjoining property or public way. [11]

New York has regulations listing P. aurea and P. aureosulcata as prohibited invasive species. [12] [13]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Philipp Franz von Siebold</span> German biologist and traveler

Philipp Franz Balthasar von Siebold was a German physician, botanist and traveller. He achieved prominence by his studies of Japanese flora and fauna and the introduction of Western medicine in Japan. He was the father of the first female Japanese doctor educated in Western medicine, Kusumoto Ine.

<i>Rhodochiton</i> Genus of flowering plants

Rhodochiton is a genus of flowering plants within the family Plantaginaceae, native to southern Mexico and neighbouring Guatemala. They climb by means of twining leaf stalks. One of the three species, Rhodochiton atrosanguineus, the purple bell vine, is grown as an ornamental plant. All three species are sometimes included in Lophospermum.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bamboo blossom</span> Phenomenon in bamboo

Bamboo blossoming is a natural phenomenon in which the bamboos in a location blossom and become hung with bamboo seeds.

<i>Ligustrum obtusifolium</i> Species of flowering plant

Ligustrum obtusifolium is a species of privet, native to Japan, Korea and northeastern China. The species is considered invasive in parts of the United States. It has become very common in southern New England, the mid-Atlantic States, and the Great Lakes regions, with scattered occurrences in the South, the Great Plains, and Washington state. With Ligustrum ovalifolium it is a parent of the widespread hybrid Ligustrum × ibolium.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Parc aux Bambous</span>

The Parc aux Bambous is a botanical garden specializing in bamboo.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bambouseraie de Prafrance</span>

The Bambouseraie de Prafrance is a private botanical garden specializing in bamboos, located in Générargues, near Anduze, Gard, Languedoc-Roussillon, France. It is open daily in the warmer months; an admission fee is charged.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bamboo shoot</span> Edible shoots of many bamboo species

Bamboo shoots or bamboo sprouts are the edible shoots of many bamboo species including Bambusa vulgaris and Phyllostachys edulis. They are used as vegetables in numerous Asian dishes and broths. They are sold in various processed shapes and are available in fresh, dried, and canned versions.

<i>Phyllostachys bambusoides</i> Species of plant

Phyllostachys bambusoides, commonly called madake, giant timber bamboo, or Japanese timber bamboo, is a species of flowering plant in the bamboo subfamily of the grass family Poaceae, native to China, and possibly also to Japan.

<i>Allium rothii</i> Species of plant

Allium rothii is a plant species found in Israel, Palestine, Syria, Egypt, and Jordan. It is a perennial with umbel-shaped flowers that forms bulbs. Stamens and ovaries are noticeably deep purple, and the tepals are white with deep purple midveins..

<i>Allium schubertii</i> Species of flowering plant

Allium schubertii, which has various common names including ornamental onion, flowering onion, tumbleweed onion and Persian onion, is a species of monocotyledonous flowering plant. It belongs to the onion and garlic genus, in the subfamily Allioideae of the family Amaryllidaceae. It occurs in the Levant and Libya.

Allium erdelii is a plant species found in Israel, Palestine Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, Egypt, Libya and Jordan. It is a bulb-forming perennial with a small umbel of creamy-white flowers.

<i>Sagittaria macrophylla</i> Species of aquatic plant

Sagittaria macrophylla, common name papa de agua, is an aquatic plant species. It produces underground starchy tubers. that are edible. It has large, hastate (arrow-shaped) leaves with blades up to 30 centimetres long. Terminal lobe is large and broadly lanceolate, while the two basal lobes are much smaller and narrower.

<i>Otiophora</i> (plant) Genus of flowering plants

Otiophora is a genus of plants in the family Rubiaceae. There are approximately 20 species. Natural distribution range for the genus includes Madagascar and much of central and southern Africa from South Africa north to Tanzania and Nigeria.

<i>Rhodochiton atrosanguineus</i> Species of flowering plant

Rhodochiton atrosanguineus is a herbaceous perennial vine native to Mexico. It has been cultivated as an ornamental plant since at least 1836.

Matelea lanata, synonym Trichosacme lanata, is a species of plants in the family Apocynaceae native to northeastern Mexico. When placed in the genus Trichosacme, it was the only species.

Myoporum bontioides is a species of the flowering plant in the family Scrophulariaceae. It is a shrub growing in coastal areas of southern Japan and South China including beaches and estuaries where there are no large breaking waves.

Solanum glaucescens is a species of flowering plant in the family Solanaceae and is endemic to Mexico. It is a deciduous vine with narrowly oblong to egg-shaped leaves 35–90 mm (1.4–3.5 in) long and 15–55 mm (0.59–2.17 in) wide on a petiole 10–40 mm (0.39–1.57 in) long. The flowers are arranged in groups of five to twelve on a peduncle 10–20 mm (0.39–0.79 in) long, each flower on a pedicel 5–10 mm (0.20–0.39 in) long but elongating to 30–40 mm (1.2–1.6 in) by the fruiting stage. The sepals form a bell-shaped tube 2–4 mm (0.079–0.157 in) long with five lobes. The petals are pale yellow to greenish, 20–40 mm (0.79–1.57 in) long and joined at the base with spreading, star-like lobes and there are ten to fifteen stamens. The fruit is a berry that is green at first, later turning orange.

Sceptrulophora is an order of hexactinellid sponges. They are characterized by sceptrules, a type of microsclere with a single straight rod terminating at a bundle of spines or knobs. An anchor- or nail-shaped sceptrule is called a clavule. A fork-shaped sceptrule, ending at a few large tines, is called a scopule. A broom-shaped sceptrule, ending at many small bristles, is called a sarule.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Euretidae</span> Family of hexactinellid sponges

Euretidae is a family of glass sponges in the order Sceptrulophora.

<i>Nymphaea gracilis</i> Species of water lily

Nymphaea gracilis is a species of waterlily endemic to Mexico. It is the only species of its genus, which is endemic to Mexico.

References

  1. 1 2 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  2. "Pronunciation Guide for Plants" . Retrieved 2016-01-22.
  3. "Pronunciation of phyllostachys" . Retrieved 2016-01-22.
  4. Siebold, Philipp Franz Balthasar von, & Zuccarini, Joseph Gerhard. 1843. Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Classe der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 3(3): 745–749 descriptions in Latin, commentary in German
  5. Siebold, Philipp Franz Balthasar von, & Zuccarini, Joseph Gerhard. 1843. Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Classe der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 3(3): plate V (5), figure III (3) at lower right line drawings of Phyllostachys bambusoides
  6. Tropicos, Phyllostachys Siebold & Zucc.
  7. 1 2 3 Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 163 刚竹属 gang zhu shu Phyllostachys Siebold & Zuccarini, Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 3: 745. 1843.
  8. Brickell, Christopher, ed. (2008). The Royal Horticultural Society A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. p. 810. ISBN   9781405332965.
  9. Coombes, Allen J. (2012). The A to Z of plant names . USA: Timber Press. pp.  312. ISBN   978-1-60469-196-2.
  10. The Plant List search for Phyllostachys
  11. "Connecticut General Statutes Title 22a Chapter 446i Section 22a-381e" . Retrieved 2017-03-06.
  12. "Lands and Forests Emergency, Proposed & Recently Adopted Regulations" . Retrieved 2014-05-06.
  13. "Proposed Regulations : 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species Express Terms". Archived from the original on 2016-03-02. Retrieved 2014-05-06.