RRM1

RRM1
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	2WGH, 3HNC, 3HND, 3HNE, 3HNF, 5D1Y, 4X3V
Identifiers
Aliases	RRM1 , R1, RIR1, RR1, ribonucleotide reductase catalytic subunit M1
External IDs	OMIM: 180410 MGI: 98180 HomoloGene: 806 GeneCards: RRM1
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 11 (human)
End	4,138,932 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 7 (mouse)
End	102,118,978 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	ganglionic eminence; ; human penis; ; nipple; ; cancellous bone; ; vulva; ; Achilles tendon; ; hair follicle; ; stromal cell of endometrium; ; superior surface of tongue; ; cavity of mouth;
	Top expressed in
	maxillary prominence; ; primitive streak; ; spermatocyte; ; dermis; ; abdominal wall; ; ureter; ; spermatid; ; somite; ; hair follicle; ; endocardial cushion;
	More reference expression data
	; ;
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	nucleotide binding ; catalytic activity ; oxidoreductase activity ; ATP binding ; protein binding ; ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity, thioredoxin disulfide as acceptor ; identical protein binding ; purine nucleotide binding ; disordered domain specific binding ;
Cellular component	cytoplasm ; cytosol ; nuclear envelope ; ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase complex ; cell projection ; neuronal cell body ;
Biological process	DNA replication ; metabolism ; mitotic cell cycle ; pyrimidine nucleobase metabolic process ; male gonad development ; deoxyribonucleotide biosynthetic process ; response to ionizing radiation ; cell proliferation in forebrain ; protein complex oligomerization ; protein heterotetramerization ; retina development in camera-type eye ; nucleobase-containing small molecule interconversion ;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	6240
	20133
	ENSG00000167325
	ENSMUSG00000030978
	P23921
	P07742
	NM_001033 ; NM_001318064 ; NM_001318065 ; NM_001330193
	NM_009103
	NP_001024 ; NP_001304993 ; NP_001304994 ; NP_001317122
	NP_033129
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Last updated March 04, 2023

Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RRM1 gene.^[5]^[6]

This gene encodes one of two non-identical subunits which constitute ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase, an enzyme essential for the production of deoxyribonucleotides prior to DNA synthesis in S phase of dividing cells. It is one of several genes located in the imprinted gene domain of 11p15.5, an important tumor-suppressor gene region. Alterations in this region have been associated with the Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, Wilms tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, adrenocortical carcinoma, and lung, ovarian, and breast cancer. This gene may play a role in malignancies and disease that involve this region. This gene is oriented in a head-to-tail configuration with the stromal interaction molecule 1 gene (STIM1), with the 3' end of STIM1 situated 1.6 kb from the 5' end of this gene.^[6]

Interactive pathway map

Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles.^{[§ 1]}

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|alt=Fluorouracil (5-FU) Activity edit]]

Fluorouracil (5-FU) Activity edit

↑ The interactive pathway map can be edited at WikiPathways: "FluoropyrimidineActivity_WP1601".

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ribonucleotide reductase</span> Class of enzymes

Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), also known as ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase (rNDP), is an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of deoxyribonucleotides from ribonucleotides. It catalyzes this formation by removing the 2'-hydroxyl group of the ribose ring of nucleoside diphosphates. This reduction produces deoxyribonucleotides. Deoxyribonucleotides in turn are used in the synthesis of DNA. The reaction catalyzed by RNR is strictly conserved in all living organisms. Furthermore, RNR plays a critical role in regulating the total rate of DNA synthesis so that DNA to cell mass is maintained at a constant ratio during cell division and DNA repair. A somewhat unusual feature of the RNR enzyme is that it catalyzes a reaction that proceeds via a free radical mechanism of action. The substrates for RNR are ADP, GDP, CDP and UDP. dTDP is synthesized by another enzyme from dTMP.

Protein tyrosine phosphatase type IVA 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTP4A2 gene.

Ribonucleotide-diphosphate reductase subunit M2 B is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RRM2B gene. The gene encoding the RRM2B protein is located on chromosome 8, at position 8q23.1. The gene and its products are also known by designations MTDPS8A, MTDPS8B, and p53R2.

DNA polymerase delta subunit 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the POLD2 gene. It is a component of the DNA polymerase delta complex.

Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, mitochondrial is a protein that in humans is encoded by the UQCRC1 gene.

60S ribosomal protein L21 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPL21 gene.

60S ribosomal protein L35a is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPL35A gene.

60S ribosomal protein L35 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPL35 gene.

Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 11 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PPP1R11 gene.

DNA primase large subunit is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PRIM2 gene.

40S ribosomal protein S8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPS8 gene.

Dynein heavy chain 9, axonemal is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DNAH9 gene.

28S ribosomal protein S7, mitochondrial is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MRPS7 gene.

39S ribosomal protein L20, mitochondrial is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MRPL20 gene.

28S ribosomal protein S24, mitochondrial is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MRPS24 gene.

39S ribosomal protein L32, mitochondrial is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MRPL32 gene.

Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6, mitochondrial is a protein that in humans is encoded by the UQCRH gene.

G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-F is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCNF gene.

Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2, also known as ribonucleotide reductase small subunit, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RRM2 gene.

Ribonuclease H2 subunit C is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RNASEH2C gene. RNase H2 is composed of a single catalytic subunit (A) and two non-catalytic subunits, and degrades the RNA of RNA:DNA hybrids.

References

1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000167325 - Ensembl, May 2017
1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000030978 - Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ Parker NJ, Begley CG, Fox RM (Nov 1995). "Human gene for the large subunit of ribonucleotide reductase (RRM1): functional analysis of the promoter". Genomics. 27 (2): 280–5. doi:10.1006/geno.1995.1043. PMID 7557993.
1 2 "Entrez Gene: RRM1 ribonucleotide reductase M1 polypeptide".

Pavloff N, Rivard D, Masson S, et al. (1992). "Sequence analysis of the large and small subunits of human ribonucleotide reductase". DNA Seq. 2 (4): 227–34. doi:10.3109/10425179209020807. PMID 1627826.
Byrne J, Smith P (1991). "Human polymorphic probe pE1.8 detects SacI polymorphism in the ribonucleotide reductase M1 subunit gene". Hum. Genet. 87 (3): 376. doi:10.1007/BF00200924. PMID 1677928. S2CID 9398850.
Parker NJ, Begley CG, Fox RM (1991). "Human M1 subunit of ribonucleotide reductase: cDNA sequence and expression in stimulated lymphocytes". Nucleic Acids Res. 19 (13): 3741. doi:10.1093/nar/19.13.3741. PMC 328406 . PMID 1840662.
Mann GJ, Musgrove EA, Fox RM, Thelander L (1988). "Ribonucleotide reductase M1 subunit in cellular proliferation, quiescence, and differentiation". Cancer Res. 48 (18): 5151–6. PMID 3044582.
Brissenden JE, Caras I, Thelander L, Francke U (1988). "The structural gene for the M1 subunit of ribonucleotide reductase maps to chromosome 11, band p15, in human and to chromosome 7 in mouse". Exp. Cell Res. 174 (1): 302–8. doi:10.1016/0014-4827(88)90165-6. PMID 3275546.
Engström Y, Francke U (1985). "Assignment of the structural gene for subunit M1 of human ribonucleotide reductase to the short arm of chromosome 11". Exp. Cell Res. 158 (2): 477–83. doi:10.1016/0014-4827(85)90470-7. PMID 3891388.
Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.
Parker NJ, Begley CG, Fox RM (1994). "Human R1 subunit of ribonucleotide reductase (RRM1): 5' flanking region of the gene". Genomics. 19 (1): 91–6. doi:10.1006/geno.1994.1017. PMID 8188248.
Byrne JA, Smith PJ (1993). "The 11p15.5 ribonucleotide reductase M1 subunit locus is not imprinted in Wilms' tumour and hepatoblastoma". Hum. Genet. 91 (3): 275–7. doi:10.1007/BF00218271. PMID 8386696. S2CID 22372180.
Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, et al. (1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.
Bepler G, O'briant KC, Kim YC, et al. (1999). "A 1.4-Mb high-resolution physical map and contig of chromosome segment 11p15.5 and genes in the LOH11A metastasis suppressor region". Genomics. 55 (2): 164–75. doi:10.1006/geno.1998.5659. PMID 9933563.
Pitterle DM, Kim YC, Jolicoeur EM, et al. (1999). "Lung cancer and the human gene for ribonucleotide reductase subunit M1 (RRM1)". Mamm. Genome. 10 (9): 916–22. doi:10.1007/s003359901114. PMID 10441745. S2CID 22700595.
Guittet O, Håkansson P, Voevodskaya N, et al. (2001). "Mammalian p53R2 protein forms an active ribonucleotide reductase in vitro with the R1 protein, which is expressed both in resting cells in response to DNA damage and in proliferating cells" (PDF). J. Biol. Chem. 276 (44): 40647–51. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M106088200 . PMID 11517226. S2CID 25065915.
Kashlan OB, Scott CP, Lear JD, Cooperman BS (2002). "A comprehensive model for the allosteric regulation of mammalian ribonucleotide reductase. Functional consequences of ATP- and dATP-induced oligomerization of the large subunit". Biochemistry. 41 (2): 462–74. doi:10.1021/bi011653a. PMID 11781084.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi: 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . PMC 139241 . PMID 12477932.
Kashlan OB, Cooperman BS (2003). "Comprehensive model for allosteric regulation of mammalian ribonucleotide reductase: refinements and consequences". Biochemistry. 42 (6): 1696–706. doi:10.1021/bi020634d. PMID 12578384.
Xue L, Zhou B, Liu X, et al. (2003). "Wild-type p53 regulates human ribonucleotide reductase by protein-protein interaction with p53R2 as well as hRRM2 subunits". Cancer Res. 63 (5): 980–6. PMID 12615712.
Gautam A, Li ZR, Bepler G (2003). "RRM1-induced metastasis suppression through PTEN-regulated pathways". Oncogene. 22 (14): 2135–42. doi: 10.1038/sj.onc.1206232 . PMID 12687015.
Rosell R, Scagliotti G, Danenberg KD, et al. (2003). "Transcripts in pretreatment biopsies from a three-arm randomized trial in metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer". Oncogene. 22 (23): 3548–53. doi: 10.1038/sj.onc.1206419 . PMID 12789263.

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[WikiPathways-7] The interactive pathway map can be edited at WikiPathways: "FluoropyrimidineActivity_WP1601".

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000167325 - Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000030978 - Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid7557993-5] Parker NJ, Begley CG, Fox RM (Nov 1995). "Human gene for the large subunit of ribonucleotide reductase (RRM1): functional analysis of the promoter". Genomics. 27 (2): 280–5. doi:10.1006/geno.1995.1043. PMID 7557993.

[entrez-6] 1 2 "Entrez Gene: RRM1 ribonucleotide reductase M1 polypeptide".

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[§ 1]

v t e Other oxidoreductases (EC 1.15–1.21)
1.15: Acting on superoxide as acceptor	Superoxide dismutase SOD1 SOD2 SOD3
1.16: Oxidizing metal ions	Ceruloplasmin (Methionine synthase) reductase
1.17: Acting on CH or CH2 groups	Xanthine oxidase Ribonucleotide reductase 4-Hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase 7-Hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a reductase
1.18: Acting on iron–sulfur proteins as donors	Nitrogenase
1.19: Acting on reduced flavodoxin as donor	Nitrogenase (flavodoxin)
1.20: Acting on phosphorus or arsenic in donors	Glutaredoxin GLRX GLRX2 GLRX3 GLRX5
1.21: Acting on X-H and Y-H to form an X-Y bond	Isopenicillin N synthase Columbamine oxidase Reticuline oxidase Sulochrin oxidase (+)-bisdechlorogeodin-forming (-)-bisdechlorogeodin-forming Aureusidin synthase Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase Cannabidiolic acid synthase Dichlorochromopyrrolate synthase

v t e Enzymes
Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Diffusion-limited enzyme Coenzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis
Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor Enzyme activator
Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes
Kinetics	Enzyme kinetics Eadie–Hofstee diagram Hanes–Woolf plot Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics
Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases (list) EC2 Transferases (list) EC3 Hydrolases (list) EC4 Lyases (list) EC5 Isomerases (list) EC6 Ligases (list) EC7 Translocases (list)

RRM1

Contents

Interactive pathway map

See also

Related Research Articles

References

Further reading