Representation of the People (Equal Franchise) Act 1928

Representation of the People (Equal Franchise) Act 1928 ^[a]

Act of Parliament
Parliament of the United Kingdom
Long title	An Act to assimilate the franchises for men and women in respect of parliamentary and local government elections; and for purposes consequential thereon.
Citation	18 & 19 Geo. 5. c. 12
Territorial extent	United Kingdom
Dates
Royal assent	2 July 1928
Commencement	2 July 1928 [b]
Repealed	1 October 1948
Other legislation
Amends	Representation of the People Act 1918
Repealed by	Representation of the People Act 1948
Status: Repealed
Text of statute as originally enacted

The Representation of the People (Equal Franchise) Act 1928 ^[1] (18 & 19 Geo. 5. c. 12) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. This act expanded on the Representation of the People Act 1918 (7 & 8 Geo. 5. c. 64) which had given some women the vote in Parliamentary elections for the first time after World War I. It is sometimes referred to as the Fifth Reform Act. ^{[2] [3]}

The act widened suffrage by giving women electoral equality with men. It gave the vote to all women over 21 years old, regardless of property ownership. Prior to this act only women over 30 who met minimum property qualifications could vote.

Passing of the act

The act was passed by the Conservative Party without much opposition from other parties.^{[ citation needed ]}

The bill became law on 2 July 1928, having been introduced in March. The leader of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies who had campaigned for the vote, Millicent Fawcett, was still alive and attended the parliament session to see the vote take place. She wrote in her diary the same night "It is almost exactly 61 years ago since I heard John Stuart Mill introduce his suffrage amendment to the Reform Bill on 20 May 1867. So I have had extraordinary good luck in having seen the struggle from the beginning.” ^[4]

On 5 August 1928, Millicent Fawcett obtained a letter from the prime minister Stanley Baldwin. He points out that even though there were obstacles in passing the bill, he always believed it would be ratified in "the simple and complete form it ultimately assumed". ^[5] He finishes the letter by expressing a hope that equal vote would be beneficial for the country and it would serve for the greater good in the United Kingdom. ^[5]

Provisions

Short title, commencement and extent

Section 8(1) of the act provided that the act may be cited as the "Representation of the People (Equal Franchise) Act, 1928" and may be cited as a Representation of the People Act.

Section 8(4) of the act provided that the act would extend to Northern Ireland so far as it relates to matters with respect to which the Parliament of Northern Ireland have no power to make laws.

Results

The act added five million more women to the electoral roll and had the effect of making women a majority, 52.7%, of the electorate in the 1929 general election, ^[6] which was termed the "Flapper Election". ^[7]

Legacy

The whole act was repealed by section 80 of, and the thirteenth schedule to, the Representation of the People Act 1948 (11 & 12 Geo. 6. c. 65).

See also

• Reform Acts
• Timeline of women's suffrage
• Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
• Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom
• Representation of the People Act
• Suffragette bombing and arson campaign
• Women in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom

Notes

1. Section 8.
2. The Acts of Parliament (Commencement) Act 1793.

References

1. Hansard, House of Commons, fifth edition, vol 219, col 1035
2. Albjerg, Victor Lincoln; Albjerg, Esther Marguerite Hall; Albjerg, Marguerite Hall (1951). Europe from 1914 to the Present. McGraw-Hill. p. 257.
3. Cole, G. D. H. (7 December 2018). British Working Class Politics, 1832-1914. Routledge. ISBN   978-0-429-82018-2.
4. Millicent Fawcett at the Royal Albert Hall. (2017, 26 juni). The Fawcett Society. https://www.fawcettsociety.org.uk/blog/millicent-fawcett-royal-albert-hall
5. Baldwin, Stanley. Letter to Fawcett, Millicent. 5 Aug. 1928. MS
6. Heater, Derek (2006). Citizenship in Britain: A History. Edinburgh University Press. p. 145. ISBN   9780748626724.
7. "The British General Election of 1929". CQ Researcher by CQ Press. Retrieved 15 January 2019.

Further reading

• Berthezène, Clarisse, and Julie Gottlieb, eds., Rethinking Right-Wing Women: Gender And The Conservative Party, 1880s To The Present (Manchester UP, 2018).
• Jarvis, David. "Mrs Maggs and Betty: The Conservative Appeal to Women Voters in the 1920s." Twentieth Century British History 5.2 (1994): 129–152.
• Thackeray, David. "Building a peaceable party: masculine identities in British Conservative politics, c. 1903–24." Historical Research 85.230 (2012): 651–673.

External links

• Equal Franchise Act notes on Spartacus Education
• Parliament UK - Stanley Baldwin to Millicent Fawcett, 1928
• The text of the Act
• Image of The Representation of the People (Equal Franchise) Act 1928
• Text of the Representation of the People (Equal Franchise) Act 1928 as originally enacted or made within the United Kingdom, from legislation.gov.uk .