Statue of Millicent Fawcett

Last updated
Millicent Fawcett
Millicent Fawcett Statue 02 - Courage Calls (27810755638) (cropped).jpg
Artist Gillian Wearing
Year2018;6 years ago (2018)
Type Bronze
LocationLondon, SW1P 3JX
United Kingdom
Coordinates 51°30′02.6″N00°07′38.0″W / 51.500722°N 0.127222°W / 51.500722; -0.127222

The statue of Millicent Fawcett in Parliament Square, London, honours the British suffragist leader and social campaigner Dame Millicent Fawcett. It was made in 2018 by Gillian Wearing. Following a campaign and petition by the activist Caroline Criado Perez, the statue's creation was endorsed by both the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Theresa May, and the Mayor of London, Sadiq Khan. The statue, Parliament Square's first monument to a woman and also its first sculpture by a woman, was funded through the government's Centenary Fund, which marks 100 years since some women won the right to vote. The memorial was unveiled on 24 April 2018. [1]

Contents

Description

The bronze statue portrays Dame Millicent at the age of 50, when she became president of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies (NUWSS). [2] The figure holds a banner reading COURAGE/ CALLS TO/ COURAGE/ EVERYWHERE, an extract from a speech Fawcett gave in 1920. She wears a walking suit, [3] typical attire of that period featuring an overcoat and a long dress. [4] The artist integrated the pattern and texture of the tweed fabric into the bronze of the suit. [3] The Fawcett Society lent a piece of Fawcett's jewellery to Wearing, who scanned the brooch and incorporated it into the statue's design. [5]

The initial design was modified following feedback from members of Westminster City Council, as they felt that the sign Fawcett was holding made her look as if she were hanging laundry out to dry. Wearing modified her design to move Fawcett's hands to the corners of the sign, and lowered and flattened the sign itself. [5]

List of engravings

The names and images of 59 women and four men who supported women's suffrage appear on the statue's plinth. They are as follows:

The campaign for a woman on Parliament Square

Millicent Fawcett Millicent Fawcett.jpg
Millicent Fawcett

The feminist campaigner and journalist Caroline Criado Perez began a campaign to install a statue of a woman in Parliament Square on 8 March (International Women's Day) 2016, after noticing while jogging that day that all the existing statues on the square were of men. [9] Criado Perez had initiated the 2013 campaign to add a woman to British banknotes, after Elizabeth Fry was replaced by Winston Churchill on the £5 note, and soon thereafter the Bank of England announced that Jane Austen would appear on the new £10 note. [10] [11]

The campaign called for a statue of a suffragette to be placed in Parliament Square in time for the centenary of the Representation of the People Act 1918. Following some research, Criado Perez discovered that only 2.7 percent of the statues in the United Kingdom were of individual women who were not members of the British royal family. [12] On 10 May 2016, to launch the campaign, an open letter was written to the new Mayor of London, Sadiq Khan, signed by 42 prominent women, requesting a statue of a suffragette in Parliament Square by February 2018. [13] Khan quickly agreed to a new suffragette statue, but did not commit to Parliament Square and instead said that the authorities would "explore a suitable site for the statue". [14]

An online petition for the suffragette statue received 74,000 signatures. This was presented to Parliament on 7 June, in an event hosted by the Fawcett Society. At the same time, Criado Perez stated that she backed Millicent Fawcett as the subject of the statue, adding that "It's shocking that she doesn't already have a statue of her own – and Parliament Square is the obvious place for her to be. Not round the corner, or up the road. Nothing less than Parliament Square will do." [15]

On 2 April 2017, it was announced that a statue of Fawcett would be erected in Parliament Square. The Prime Minister, Theresa May, said following the announcement, "The example Millicent Fawcett set during the struggle for equality continues to inspire the battle against the burning injustices of today. It is right and proper that she is honoured in Parliament Square alongside former leaders who changed our country." [16] The Suffrage Statue Commission selected Gillian Wearing, a former Turner Prize winner, to create the statue with it funded from the Government's Centenary Fund. [5] [17]

The statue was part of the 14-18 NOW series of artistic commissions that marked the centenary commemorations of World War I. [18]

Rival campaigns

The Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst Memorial in Victoria Tower Gardens in 2015 Emmeline Pankhurst statue Victoria Tower Gardens.jpg
The Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst Memorial in Victoria Tower Gardens in 2015

In addition to the campaign for a statue of Fawcett, a rival campaign existed to install a statue of Emmeline Pankhurst in Parliament Square, which had begun in 2014. [19] This campaign was backed by the former Prime Minister David Cameron, the former MP Neil Thorne, the Leader of the House of Commons Andrea Leadsom and the first female Speaker of the House of Commons Betty Boothroyd. [17] An existing statue of Pankhurst, the Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst Memorial, has stood in Victoria Tower Gardens next to the Palace of Westminster since 1958. [20] The Pankhurst campaign had initially sought to move this statue into Parliament Square, but discovered that it was too small to be placed there. [19] The campaign commissioned sculptor Angela Conner to produce a 12 ft (3.7 m) tall statue of Pankhurst. Discussions were held about installing a pair of statues in the square, portraying both Fawcett and Pankhurst. [19]

Campaigners from the two suffragette campaigns met, but after Thorne gained the initial agreement of Westminster City Council to place two statues, [19] the Fawcett campaign turned this down following a second meeting between the parties. Criado Perez said that she was "not prepared to compromise on the central point of the campaign, which was to have a statue for a new woman and have one front and centre", [17] and feared that a pair of statues would be featured less prominently in the square than a single one. [19] The decision was made by Westminster City Council in favour of the Fawcett statue; they stated that a future statue of Pankhurst in the square had not been deferred but the existing statue in Victoria Tower Gardens would need to be moved elsewhere. [20]

Thorne said that, following the decision, the statue of Pankhurst created for Parliament Square would instead be placed for the time being in Brompton Cemetery, the place of her burial, while a decision on the Victoria Tower Gardens was made. [5] In addition to the discussion of the suffragette statue, a further campaign was underway to have a statue of the former Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher erected in Parliament Square. The Council turned down the application as it did not meet the 10-year rule (that a minimum of 10 years have to pass following the subject's death) and that the Thatcher family opposed the design. [20] Other statues of Thatcher exist in London: the one in the Guildhall was decapitated in 2002, and the following year another was commissioned for the interior of the Palace of Westminster. [21] Others commented that the location was the appropriate one, but that the statue should be of someone more radical: Mary Wollstonecraft, Sylvia Pankhurst or Emily Davison. [22]

Unveiling

Theresa May speaking at the unveiling of the statue Millicent Fawcett Statue unveiling05.jpg
Theresa May speaking at the unveiling of the statue

On 24 April 2018, the statue was unveiled in an hour-long ceremony featuring the Prime Minister, the Mayor of London, schoolchildren and choirs. The unveiling itself was performed by three generations of women and girls: Jennifer Loehnis (a descendant of Fawcett), Criado Perez, Justine Simons (Deputy Mayor for Culture and Creative Industries) and two schoolgirls from Millbank Academy in Westminster, and Platanos College, Lambeth. At the event, May credited the work of Fawcett not only achieving votes for women but for allowing her and other female MPs to take their positions in Parliament. [6]

Criado Perez called the unveiling of the statue "one hell of a start" in increasing the representation of women across Britain in both cultural and political spheres. Similar views were supported by Khan, the Labour Party leader Jeremy Corbyn and the former Labour deputy leader Harriet Harman, who suggested that the square's male statues be temporarily moved elsewhere in London to allow there to be only female statues in this prominent location. [2]

Reaction and commentary

The arts editor for BBC News, Will Gompertz, gave the statue five stars in his review. He said that prior to the unveiling, the only statues which stood out in the square were those of Winston Churchill and David Lloyd George, but that has changed with the arrival of the Fawcett statue. He credited the campaign of Criado Perez, and said that the Wearing's execution of the brief was "exceptional". Gompertz praised the overall conception of the design and said that the banner was compelling. He suggested that the design was influenced by Wearing's early 1990s work Signs That Say What You Want Them To Say And Not Signs That Say What Someone Else Wants You To Say in which she took a series of photographs of strangers holding up their personal thoughts on pieces of white card. Overall, he felt that the statue had such impact that it changed the context of Parliament Square, saying that "The Fawcett statue makes most of the others look ridiculous, or pompous or both" (excepting its immediate neighbour, the statue of Gandhi) and that it gave the area a focal point lacking since the end of Brian Haw's peace protest. [3]

June Purvis, emeritus professor of women's and gender history at the University of Portsmouth, criticised some elements of the statue, saying that while the message on the banner was indeed written by Fawcett about Emily Davison, it was not written at the time of her death but instead in the "relative safety" of 1920. At the time of Emily Davison's death, Fawcett's NUWSS refused to take part in the funeral and did not send a wreath. Purvis also highlighted that the image of Emily Davison is on the rear of the statue, and that the campaign was launched with the intention of commemorating a suffragette, not a suffragist, in Parliament Square. [23]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Millicent Fawcett</span> English politician, writer, and activist (1847–1929)

Dame Millicent Garrett Fawcett was an English political activist and writer. She campaigned for women's suffrage by legal change and in 1897–1919 led Britain's largest women's rights association, the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies (NUWSS), explaining, "I cannot say I became a suffragist. I always was one, from the time I was old enough to think at all about the principles of Representative Government." She tried to broaden women's chances of higher education, as a governor of Bedford College, London and co-founding Newnham College, Cambridge in 1875. In 2018, a century after the Representation of the People Act, she was the first woman honoured by a statue in Parliament Square.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Emmeline Pankhurst</span> British suffragette (1858–1928)

Emmeline Pankhurst was a British political activist who organised the British suffragette movement and helped women to win in 1918 the right to vote in Great Britain and Ireland. In 1999, Time named her as one of the 100 Most Important People of the 20th Century, stating that "she shaped an idea of objects for our time" and "shook society into a new pattern from which there could be no going back". She was widely criticised for her militant tactics, and historians disagree about their effectiveness, but her work is recognised as a crucial element in achieving women's suffrage in the United Kingdom.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Christabel Pankhurst</span> Suffragette, co-founder of Womens Social and Political Union, editor (1880–1958)

Dame Christabel Harriette Pankhurst was a British suffragette born in Manchester, England. A co-founder of the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU), she directed its militant actions from exile in France from 1912 to 1913. In 1914, she supported the war against Germany. After the war, she moved to the United States, where she worked as an evangelist for the Second Adventist movement.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Frederick Pethick-Lawrence, 1st Baron Pethick-Lawrence</span> British politician, editor (1871–1961)

Frederick William Pethick-Lawrence, 1st Baron Pethick-Lawrence, PC was a British Labour politician who, among other things, campaigned for women's suffrage.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Adela Pankhurst</span> British-Australian suffragette and political activist (1885–1961)

Adela Constantia Mary Walsh was a British-born suffragette who worked as a political organiser for the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) in Scotland. In 1914 she moved to Australia where she continued her activism and was co-founder of both the Communist Party of Australia and the Australia First Movement.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence</span> British activist (1867–1954)

Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence, Baroness Pethick-Lawrence was a British women's rights activist and suffragette.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Teresa Billington-Greig</span> British suffragette (1876–1964)

Teresa Billington-Greig was a British suffragette who was one of the founders of the Women's Freedom League in 1907. She had left the Women's Social and Political Union - also known as the WSPU – as she considered the leadership led by Emmeline Pankhurst and her daughters too autocratic. In 1904, she was appointed by the WSPU as a travelling speaker for the organisation. In Autumn 1906, Billington-Greig was tasked with drumming up support for branches of WSPU in Scotland. On 25 April 1906, she unveiled a 'Votes for Women' banner from the Ladies Gallery during the debate in the House of Commons. In June 1906, she was arrested in a fracas outside of Chancellor of the Exchequer H. H. Asquith's home, and as a result was the first suffragette to be incarcerated in Holloway Prison.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Edith How-Martyn</span>

Edith How-Martyn was a British suffragette and a member of the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU). She was arrested in 1906 for attempting to make a speech in the House of Commons. This was one of the first acts of suffragette militancy. She met Margaret Sanger in 1915 and they created a conference in Geneva. How-Martyn toured India talking about birth control. She had no children and died in Australia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dora Montefiore</span> English-Australian womens suffragist, socialist, poet and autobiographer

Dorothy Frances Montefiore, known as Dora Montefiore, was an English-Australian women's suffragist, socialist, poet, and autobiographer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Flora Drummond</span> British suffragette

Flora McKinnon Drummond was a British suffragette. Nicknamed 'The General' for her habit of leading women's rights marches wearing a military style uniform 'with an officers cap and epaulettes' and riding on a large horse, Drummond was an organiser for the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) and was arrested nine times for her activism in the women's suffrage movement. Drummond's main political activity was organising and leading rallies, marches and demonstrations. She was an accomplished orator and had a reputation for being able to put down hecklers with ease.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mary Gawthorpe</span> English suffragette, trade unionist and editor (1881–1973)

Mary Eleanor Gawthorpe was an English suffragette, socialist, trade unionist and editor. She was described by Rebecca West as "a merry militant saint".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ada Nield Chew</span> British socialist and suffragist (1870–1945)

Ada Nield Chew was a campaigning socialist and a British suffragist. Her name is on the plinth of Millicent Fawcett's statue in Parliament Square, London.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Suffragette</span> British movement for womens suffrage

A suffragette was a member of an activist women's organisation in the early 20th century who, under the banner "Votes for Women", fought for the right to vote in public elections in the United Kingdom. The term refers in particular to members of the British Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU), a women-only movement founded in 1903 by Emmeline Pankhurst, which engaged in direct action and civil disobedience. In 1906, a reporter writing in the Daily Mail coined the term suffragette for the WSPU, derived from suffragistα, in order to belittle the women advocating women's suffrage. The militants embraced the new name, even adopting it for use as the title of the newspaper published by the WSPU.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Caroline Criado Perez</span> British feminist author, journalist and activist (born 1984)

Caroline Emma Criado Perez is a British feminist author, journalist and activist. Her first national campaign, the Women's Room project, aimed to increase the presence of female experts in the media. She opposed the removal of the only woman from British banknotes, leading to the Bank of England's swift announcement that the image of Jane Austen would appear on the £10 note by 2017. That campaign led to sustained harassment on the social networking website Twitter of Criado Perez and other women; as a result, Twitter announced plans to improve its complaint procedures. Her most recent campaign was for a sculpture of a woman in Parliament Square; the statue of Millicent Fawcett was unveiled in April 2018, as part of the centenary celebrations of the winning of women's suffrage in the United Kingdom. Her 2019 book Invisible Women: Exposing Data Bias in a World Designed for Men was a Sunday Times bestseller.

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Julia Scurr was a British politician and suffragette.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Minnie Baldock</span> British suffragette

Lucy Minnie Baldock was a British suffragette. Along with Annie Kenney, she co-founded the first branch in London of the Women's Social and Political Union.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Claude Hinscliff</span>

Reverend Claude Hinscliff (1875–1964) was a British suffragist. He was a leading person in the Church League for Women's Suffrage.

References

  1. ↑ "Fawcett statue unveiled at Westminster". BBC News. 24 April 2018. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
  2. 1 2 Topping, Alexandra (24 April 2018). "First statue of a woman in Parliament Square unveiled". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
  3. 1 2 3 Gompertz, Will (28 April 2018). "Review: The statue of the suffragist Dame Millicent Fawcett by Gillian Wearing". BBC News. Retrieved 28 April 2018.
  4. ↑ "Walking Suit". Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 28 April 2018.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Rudgard, Olivia (20 September 2017). "First female statue in Parliament Square looks like she is 'hanging out the washing'". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
  6. 1 2 "Historic statue of suffragist leader Millicent Fawcett unveiled in Parliament Square". Government of the United Kingdom. 24 April 2018. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
  7. ↑ Topping, Alexandra (24 April 2018). "First statue of a woman in Parliament Square unveiled". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
  8. ↑ Saul, Heather (24 April 2018). "Millicent Fawcett statue unveiling: the women and men whose names will be on the plinth". i . Retrieved 26 April 2018.
  9. ↑ Criado Perez, Caroline (24 April 2018). "Despite a barrage of hate, I put a statue of a woman where only men stand". CNN. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
  10. ↑ Criado Perez, Caroline (4 July 2013). "Women on bank notes: is the Bank of England finally listening?". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
  11. ↑ Allen, Katie; Stewart, Heather (24 July 2013). "Jane Austen to appear on £10 note". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
  12. ↑ Criado Perez, Caroline (26 March 2016). "I sorted the UK's statues by gender – a mere 2.7 per cent are of historical, non-royal women". New Statesman. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
  13. ↑ Criado Perez, Caroline; Cohen, Claire (10 May 2016). "Emma Watson is calling on Sadiq Khan to put a suffragette outside Parliament – and you can too". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
  14. ↑ Cohen, Claire (12 May 2016). "Victory! Mayor of London Sadiq Khan agrees to suffragette statue". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
  15. ↑ Cohen, Claire (7 June 2016). "Suffragette statue campaign calls on Parliament to honour Millicent Fawcett". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
  16. ↑ Chandler, Mark (2 April 2017). "Millicent Fawcett: Suffragist to be first woman with Parliament Square statue after JK Rowling-backed campaign". London Evening Standard. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
  17. 1 2 3 Elwes, Annunciata (14 September 2017). "Emmeline Pankhurst or Millicent Fawcett? Battle over Westminster Suffragette statues". Country Life. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
  18. ↑ https://www.1418now.org.uk/commissions/millicent-fawcett/ Archived 11 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine Millicent Fawcett – 14–18 NOW
  19. 1 2 3 4 5 Rudgard, Olivia (26 August 2017). "Rival camps locked in race to install first woman statue in front of Parliament". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
  20. 1 2 3 Wheeler, Brian (18 January 2018). "Margaret Thatcher set to lose out in Parliament Square statue battle". BBC News. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
  21. ↑ ""Iron Lady" unveils her bronze statue". Reuters . 21 February 2007. Archived from the original on 10 August 2017. Retrieved 17 February 2012.
  22. ↑ Holmes, Rachel (14 April 2017). "A new feminist statue is a great idea. Shame they picked the wrong feminist". The Guardian. Retrieved 28 April 2018.
  23. ↑ "Misgivings over new statue and old portrait of Millicent Fawcett". The Guardian. 25 April 2018. Retrieved 28 April 2018.

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