Rosa gallica

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Rosa gallica
Wild Rosa gallica Romania.jpg
Wild Rosa gallica in Romania
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Rosales
Family: Rosaceae
Genus: Rosa
Species:
R. gallica
Binomial name
Rosa gallica
L.
Synonyms

Rosa portlandicaRössig [1]

Rosa gallica, the Gallic rose, French rose, or rose of Provins, is a species of flowering plant in the rose family, native to southern and central Europe eastwards to Turkey and the Caucasus. Rosa gallica was one of the first species of rose to be cultivated in central Europe. [2] It is a parent of several important cultivars.

Contents

Description

Rosa gallica is a deciduous shrub forming large patches. The slender, straight prickles are various in size and frequency in this species. [2] [3] The leaves are pinnately-compound, with three to seven bluish-green leaflets. The flowers are clustered one to four together, on glandular pedicels. Each flower has five or more petals, sometimes producing double corollas. [2] The flowers are fragrant and deep pink. The hips are globose to ovoid, 10–13 mm diameter, and orange to brownish.

Gallica cultivar group

Cultivars of the species R. gallica and hybrids close in appearance are considered as a cultivar group, the Gallica Group roses. Their exact ancestry is usually unknown and other species may be involved. They are easily cultivated. The Gallica Group roses share the vegetative characters of the species:

Apothecary's rose

Plants with semidouble deep pink flowers have been treated as either a variety, under the name R. gallica var. officinalis, [4] or as a cultivar, R. gallica 'Officinalis'. [5] It is also called the apothecary's rose, the crimson damask rose, or the red rose of Lancaster. [6] It is the county flower of Lancashire. A cultivar R. gallica var. officinalis 'Versicolor', with striped pink blooms, is also known as Rosa mundi. [7]

The names Rosa gallica f. trigintipetala or Rosa 'Trigintipetala' are considered to be synonyms of Rosa × damascena. [8]

Cultivation

It was cultivated by the Greek and Romans and commonly used in mediaeval gardens. Until the 19th century it was the most important species of rose to be cultivated, and most modern European rose cultivars have at least a small contribution from R. gallica in their ancestry. [2]

Rosa gallica is easily cultivated on well drained soil in full sun to semishade; it can survive temperatures down to −25 °C.

The following cultivars and hybrids currently hold the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

Other notable cultivars include:

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References

  1. "Rosa portlandica Rössig | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Rosa gallica". Go Botany. New England Wildflower Society. Retrieved 2018-10-07.
  3. Clements, F. E.; Butters, F.K.; Rosendahl, C. O. (1912). "Minnesota trees and shrubs: an illustrated manual of the native and cultivated woody plants of the State". Report of the Botanical Survey. 9.
  4. RHS Horticultural Database: Rosa gallica var. officinalis, Royal Horticultural Society, retrieved 2011-07-24
  5. Phillips & Rix (2004), The Ultimate Guide to Roses : a comprehensive selection, London: Macmillan, ISBN   978-1-4050-4920-7
  6. RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN   978-1405332965.
  7. "BBC plant finder - Rosa mundi" . Retrieved 31 May 2013.
  8. "Rosa gallica f. trigintipetala". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 2017-12-18.
  9. "Rosa 'Beau Narcisse'". David Austin Roses. Retrieved 28 June 2021.
  10. "Rosa 'Charles de Mills'". RHS. Retrieved 4 June 2021.
  11. "Rosa 'Duc de Guiche'". RHS. Retrieved 28 June 2021.
  12. "Rosa 'Duchesse de Montebello'". RHS. Retrieved 28 June 2021.
  13. "Rosa 'Président de Sèze'". RHS. Retrieved 28 June 2021.
  14. "Rosa gallica var. officinalis". RHS. Retrieved 28 June 2021.
  15. "Rosa gallica 'Versicolor' (rosa mundi)". RHS. Retrieved 28 June 2021.
  16. "Rosa 'Tuscany Superb'". RHS. Retrieved 28 June 2021.
  17. "Rosa 'Cardinal de Richelieu'". RHS.
  18. "Rosa 'Complicata'". RHS. Retrieved 28 June 2021.