Rubus leucodermis

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Rubus leucodermis
Rubusleucodermis.jpg
Rubus leucodermis var. bernardinus
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Rosales
Family: Rosaceae
Genus: Rubus
Subgenus: R. subg. Idaeobatus
Species:
R. leucodermis
Binomial name
Rubus leucodermis
Dougl. ex Torr. & A.Gray 1840
Synonyms [1]
  • Melanobatus leucodermis(Douglas ex Torr. & A. Gray) Greene
  • Rubus occidentalis var. leucodermis(Douglas ex Torr. & A. Gray) Focke

Rubus leucodermis, also called whitebark raspberry, blackcap raspberry, [2] [3] or blue raspberry, [4] is a species of Rubus native to western North America.

Description

Rubus leucodermis is a deciduous shrub growing to 0.5–2.5 metres (1+12–8 feet), with prickly shoots. [5] While the crown is perennial, the canes are biennial, growing vegetatively one year, flowering and fruiting the second, and then dying. As with other dark raspberries, the tips of the first-year canes (primocanes) often grow downward to the soil in the fall, and take root and form tip layers which become new plants. The leaves are pinnate, with five leaflets on the leaves' hardy stems in their first year, and three leaflets on leaves on flowering branchlets with white (and infrequently light purple) flowers.

The fruit is 1–1.2 centimetres (3812 inch) diameter, red to reddish-purple at first, turning dark purple to nearly black when ripe. [6] The edible fruit [7] has high contents of anthocyanins and ellagic acid. [2] [8]

R. leucodermis is similar to the eastern black raspberry ( Rubus occidentalis ). [8]

Taxonomy

Subdivision

Three varieties are recognized: [3]

Etymology

The name leucodermis means "white skin", referring to the white appearance of the stems because of a thick waxy coating on the surface.

Distribution and habitat

The species can be found from Alaska southward along the Pacific coast as far as California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Chihuahua. [9] [10] [11] [8] [12]

Ecology

The plant forms natural hybrids with other species in subgenus Idaeobatus .

See also

Related Research Articles

<i>Rubus idaeus</i> Red raspberry

Rubus idaeus is a red-fruited species of Rubus native to Europe and northern Asia and commonly cultivated in other temperate regions.

<i>Rubus spectabilis</i> Plant species

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<i>Rubus occidentalis</i> Berry and plant

Rubus occidentalis is a species of Rubus native to eastern North America. Its common name black raspberry is shared with other closely related species. Other names occasionally used include bear's eye blackberry, black cap, black cap raspberry, and scotch cap.

<i>Rubus parviflorus</i> Berry and plant

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<i>Rubus strigosus</i> Species of vine

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<i>Rubus pensilvanicus</i> Berry and plant

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<i>Eriogonum fasciculatum</i> Species of flowering shrub

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<i>Lonicera hispidula</i> Species of vine

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<i>Rubus armeniacus</i> Species of fruit and plant

Rubus armeniacus, the Himalayan blackberry or Armenian blackberry, is a species of Rubus in the blackberry group Rubus subgenus Rubus series Discolores Focke. It is native to Armenia and northern Iran, and widely naturalised elsewhere. Both its scientific name and origin have been the subject of much confusion, with much of the literature referring to it as either Rubus procerus or Rubus discolor, and often mistakenly citing its origin as western European. Flora of North America, published in 2014, considers the taxonomy unsettled, and tentatively uses the older name Rubus bifrons.

<i>Erigeron divergens</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Prunus fasciculata</i> Species of tree

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<i>Rubus ursinus</i> Berry and plant

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<i>Sambucus racemosa</i> Species of plant

Sambucus racemosa is a species of elderberry known by the common names red elderberry and red-berried elder.

<i>Chaetopappa ericoides</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Cercocarpus betuloides</i> Species of tree

Cercocarpus betuloides is a shrub or small tree in the rose family. Its common names include mountain mahogany and birch leaf mountain mahogany The common name "mahogany" comes from the hardness and color of the wood, although the genus is not a true mahogany.

<i>Enceliopsis nudicaulis</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Rubus nivalis</i> Berry and plant

Rubus nivalis, commonly known as snow raspberry, is a species of flowering plant in the rose family. It is native to northwestern North America: British Columbia, Washington, Idaho, Oregon, and far northern California.

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<i>Rubus lasiococcus</i> Species of flowering plant

Rubus lasiococcus is a species of wild blackberry known by the common names roughfruit berry and dwarf bramble. It is native to western North America from British Columbia to northern California, where it grows in mountain forests. In the southern half of its range the plant is commonly found in a plant community in the understory of mountain hemlock and Shasta red fir.

<i>Rubus ulmifolius</i> Berry and plant

Rubus ulmifolius is a species of wild blackberry known by the English common name elmleaf blackberry or thornless blackberry and the Spanish common name zarzamora. It is native to Europe and North Africa, and has also become naturalized in parts of the United States, Australia, and southern South America.

References

  1. Tropicos, Rubus leucodermis Douglas ex Torr. & A. Gray
  2. 1 2 "Jepson Flora Project: Rubus leucodermis". Jepson Herbaria, University of California at Berkeley. Retrieved 2012-08-27.
  3. 1 2 "Rubus leucodermis". US Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2012-08-27.
  4. "Black raspberry". Arcata, California: Northcoast Environmental Center. 1 February 2022. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  5. "Rubus leucodermis - Torr.&A.Gray". Plants for a Future. 2022. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
  6. Pojar, Jim; Andy MacKinnon (2004). Plants Of The Pacific Northwest Coast: Washington, Oregon, British Columbia & Alaska. Lone Pine Publishing. p. 77. ISBN   978-1-55105-530-5.
  7. Fagan, Damian (2019). Wildflowers of Oregon: A Field Guide to Over 400 Wildflowers, Trees, and Shrubs of the Coast, Cascades, and High Desert. Guilford, CT: FalconGuides. p. 88. ISBN   978-1-4930-3633-2. OCLC   1073035766.
  8. 1 2 3 Flora of North America Rubus leucodermis Douglas ex Torrey & A. Gray, 1840.
  9. "Rubus leucodermis". Germplasm Resources Information Network . Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture . Retrieved 2012-08-27.
  10. "Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map".
  11. Calflora taxon report, University of California, Rubus leucodermis Torrey & A. Gray, White Stemmed Raspberry, western raspberry, white bark raspberry
  12. "Rubus leucodermis". swbiodiversity.org. SEINet, Arizona-New Mexico Chapter.