A vizier is a high-ranking political advisor or minister in the Near East. The Abbasid caliphs gave the title wazir to a minister formerly called katib (secretary), who was at first merely a helper but afterwards became the representative and successor of the dapir of the Sassanian kings.
The Encyclopaedia of Islam (EI) is a reference work that facilitates the academic study of Islam. It is published by Brill and provides information on various aspects of Islam and the Islamic world. It is considered to be the standard reference work in the field of Islamic studies. The first edition was published in 1913–1938, the second in 1954–2005, and the third was begun in 2007.
Rawwadid, Ravvadid, or Banū Rawwād (900–1071) was a Sunni Muslim Kurdish dynasty, centered in the northwestern region of Adharbayjan (Azerbaijan) between the late 8th and early 13th centuries.
The Yazidids or Mazyadids or Shaybanids, were an Arab family what came to rule over the region of Shirvan in the mid 9th century. Starting from Haytham ibn Khalid's assumption of the ancient Iranian title of Shirvanshah in 861, they practically broke free of Abbasid control and was therefore out of scope for most chroniclers of the Caliphate.
Shahbandar, was an official of the ports in Safavid Persia and one also known on other shores of the Indian Ocean. The Shahbandar was in charge of the traders and the collection of taxes.
Nizar ibn Ma'add ibn Adnan was the common ancestor of most of the northern Arab tribes, according to the Arab genealogical tradition. As a result, the term 'Nizar', or Nizariyya (نزارية), has been used as a loosely defined name for a group of tribes, most commonly the Rabi'a and Mudar tribes, but occasionally extended to include others.
The Baduspanids or Badusbanids, were a local Iranian dynasty of Tabaristan which ruled over Ruyan/Rustamdar. The dynasty was established in 665, and with 933 years of rule as the longest dynasty in Iran, it ended in 1598 when the Safavids invaded and conquered their domains.
Abu'l-Walid Ma'n ibn Za'ida al-Shaybani was an 8th-century Arab general of the Shayban tribe, who served both the Umayyads and the Abbasids.
Shihab al-Din Muhammad al-Nasawi was a Persian secretary and biographer of the Khwarazmshah Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu. Born in Nasa in Khorasan, he witnessed first-hand the Mongol invasion of Khorasan and Jalal ad-Din's subsequent flight and military adventures of which he left an account written in Arabic c. 1241. He had beforehand written another work, the Nafthat al-masdur, an account of his life prior to 1231, written in Persian c. 1234/5.
Qubodiyon, also Qubadiyan, ancient Kobadiyan is a town in the Khatlon Region of Tajikistan. It is the capital of Qubodiyon District. The population of the town is 12,200.
The Sanjak of Kocaeli was a second-level Ottoman province with capital at Iznikmid/Izmid.
Tekfur was a title used in the late Seljuk and early Ottoman periods to refer to independent or semi-independent minor Christian rulers or local Byzantine governors in Asia Minor and Thrace.
Abu'l-Makarim Muslim ibn Qirwash also known by the honorific title Sharaf al-Dawla, was the Uqaylid emir of Mosul and Aleppo. He died in June 1085.
Malik ibn Tawk ibn Malik ibn 'Attab at-Taghlibi was an Arab Abbasid official during the reigns of caliphs al-Wathiq and al-Mutawakkil. He is best known as the founder of the fortress town of al-Rahba on the western banks of the Euphrates, part of the present-day Syrian town of Mayadin.
A sigillion, was a type of legal document publicly affirmed with a seal, usually of lead.
The ṣāḥib al-bāb, also known as the wazīr al-ṣaghīr, was one of the most senior offices of the Fatimid Caliphate in the 12th century.
Muhammad ibn Khalid ibn Barmak was one of the Barmakids, a family of Iranian functionaries who rose to great power under the Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid.
Tūrgār, also Thurgar was a medieval Sogdian ruler in Transoxiana and successor to his father Ghurak during the period of the Muslim conquest of Transoxiana. He was the last ruler of Samarkand and its surroundings from ca. 738 until no later than 755/57, until the Arabs took full control of the region. He was an Ikhshid, a princely title of the Iranian rulers of Soghdia and the Ferghana Valley in Transoxiana during the pre-Islamic and early Islamic periods.
In the Islamic world, the term khutba wa sikka referred to the two key attributes of sovereignty: minting coins in one's own name, and being named in the khutba, the sermon that precedes the Friday prayer.
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