Sphincterochila

Sphincterochila
A lateral view of a live individual of Sphincterochila candidissima
A dorsal view of a live Sphincterochila candidissima
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Order:	Stylommatophora
Infraorder:	Helicoidei
Superfamily:	Helicoidea
Family:	Sphincterochilidae
Genus:	Sphincterochila Ancey, 1887 [1]
Type species
Helix boissieri Charpentier, 1847
Synonyms [2]
Albea Pallary, 1910 Albea (Cariosula) Pallary, 1910 Albea (Sphincterochila) Ancey, 1887 Calcarina Moquin-Tandon, 1848 Candidissima Pallary, 1910 Leucochroa (Calcarina) Moquin-Tandon, 1848 Leucochroa (Sphincterochila) Ancey, 1887 Mima Westerlund, 1886 Rima Pallary, 1910 Sphincterochila (Albea) Pallary, 1910· accepted, alternate representation Sphincterochila (Cariosula) Pallary, 1910· accepted, alternate representation Sphincterochila (Cerigottella) E. Gittenberger, 1993· accepted, alternate representation Sphincterochila (Rima) Pallary, 1910 (junior synonym) Sphincterochila (Sphincterochila) Ancey, 1887 accepted, alternate representation Sphincterochila (Zilchena) Forcart, 1972· accepted, alternate representation

Sphincterochila is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the family Sphincterochilidae. ^[2]

Sphincterochila is the type genus of the family Sphincterochilidae. ^[3]

Species in the genus Sphincterochila are arid-adapted (adapted to living in very dry conditions).

Species

Species in the genus Sphincterochila include:

• Sphincterochila baetica (Rossmässler, 1854) ^{[4] [5]}
• † Sphincterochila baumbergeri (Wenz, 1936)
• Sphincterochila candidissima (Draparnaud, 1801) ^{[6] [4] [5]}
• Sphincterochila cariosa (Olivier, 1801) ^{[6] [5]} – shell description
• Sphincterochila cariosula (Michaud, 1833) ^{[4] [5]}
• Sphincterochila chionudiscus (Boettger, 1874) ^[5]
• Sphincterochila cyrenaica Sturany, 1908
  • Sphincterochila debeauxi elevataPallary, 1910 ^[5]
• Sphincterochila fimbriata (Bourguignat, 1852) ^[5]
• Sphincterochila illicita (Mousson, 1874)
• Sphincterochila insularis (Boettger, 1894) ^[4]
• † Sphincterochila jodoti Rey, 1974
• Sphincterochila maroccana Pallary, 1917 ^[5]
  • Sphincterochila maroccana conicaPallary, 1926 ^[5]
  • Sphincterochila maroccana depressaPallary, 1926 ^[5]
  • Sphincterochila maroccana majorPallary, 1926 ^[5]
  • Sphincterochila maroccana minorPallary, 1926 ^[5]
  • Sphincterochila maroccana tananensisPallary, 1917 ^[5]
• Sphincterochila mixta Kaltenbach, 1950
• Sphincterochila pagodula (Rutland, 1878) ^[5]
  • Sphincterochila pagodula umbilicata(Ruttland, 1878) ^[5]
• Sphincterochila pardoi Llabador, 1950 ^[5]
• Sphincterochila prophetarum (Bourguignat, 1852) ^{[4] [5]}
• Sphincterochila tunetana (Pfeiffer, 1850) ^[6]
• Sphincterochila zonata (Bourguignat, 1853) ^{[5] [7] [8]}

Synonyms

• Sphincterochila aharonii(Kobelt, 1913): ^[5] synonym of Leucochroa aharonii Kobelt, 1913 (taxon inquirendum)
• Sphincterochila boissieri(Charpentier, 1847) – type species: ^[4] synonym of Sphincterochila zonata zonata (Bourguignat, 1853)
• Sphincterochila corrugataPallary, 1917: ^[5] synonym of Albea mayrani var. corrugataPallary, 1917 (taxon inquirendum)
• Sphincterochila debeauxi(Kobelt, 1881): ^[5] synonym of Leucochroa debeauxi Kobelt, 1881 (taxon inquirendum)
• Sphincterochila marteli(Pallary, 1918): ^[5] synonym of Albea marteli Pallary, 1918 (taxon inquirendum)
• Sphincterochila mayrani(Gassies, 1856): ^[5] synonym of Albea mayrani (Gassies, 1856) (taxon inquirendum)
  • Sphincterochila mayrani turrita(Gassies, 1856) ^[5]
• Sphincterochila roumensiana(Pallary, 1911): ^[5] synonym of Albea roumensiana Pallary, 1918 (taxon inquirednum)

Comparison of apertural views of shells of five Sphincterochila species:

• 
  Sphincterochila baetica
• 
  Sphincterochila boissieri
• 
  Sphincterochila candidissima
• 
  Sphincterochila cariosula
• 
  Sphincterochila prophetarum

References

1. Ancey C. F. (1887). "Description of new genera or sub-genera of Helicidae". (Continued). The Conchologists’ Exchange 2(2): 22-23.
2. MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Sphincterochila Ancey, 1887. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=996739 on 2020-12-05
3. Bouchet, Philippe; Rocroi, Jean-Pierre; Frýda, Jiri; Hausdorf, Bernard; Ponder, Winston; Valdés, Ángel & Warén, Anders (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families". Malacologia . 47 (1–2). Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks: 1–397. ISBN   3-925919-72-4. ISSN   0076-2997.
4. Species in genus Sphincterochila (n=6). AnimalBase, accessed 10 April 2009.
5. SPHINCTEROCHILIDAE. page 1 and page 2, Femorale, accessed 25 June 2011.
6. Abbes I., Nouira S. & Neubert E. (2011). "Sphincterochilidae from Tunisia, with a note on the subgenus Rima Pallary, 1910 (Gastropoda, Pulmonata)". ZooKeys 151: 1–15. doi : 10.3897/zookeys.151.2264 .
7. Steinberger Y. (1991). "Biology of Arid region Soils – Faunal Components". In J. Skujins (ed.). Semiarid Lands and Deserts: Soil Resource and Reclamation. Books in soils, plants and the environment. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc. p. 187. ISBN   0-8247-8388-3.
8. Shachak M.; Orr Y.; Steinberger Y. (1975). "Field observations on the natural history of Sphincterochila (S.) zonata (Bourguignat, 1853) (= S. boissieri Charpentier, 1847)". Argamon: Israel Journal of Malacology. Israel Malacology Society and Municipal Malacology Museum: Nahariya. 5 (1–4): 20–46. ISSN   0334-326X.

External links

• Shoshana Goldenberg, Z. Arad; Heller, J. (1989). "Resistance to desiccation and distribution patterns in the land snailSphincterochila". Journal of Zoology. 218 (3): 353. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1989.tb02549.x..
• Checa, Antonio G.; Jiménez-Jiménez, Antonio P.; Rivas, Pascual (1998). "Regulation of spiral coiling in the terrestrial gastropod Sphincterochila: An experimental test of the road-holding model". Journal of Morphology. 235 (3): 249–257. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4687(199803)235:3<249::AID-JMOR4>3.0.CO;2-1. PMID   29852723. S2CID   18751120..
• Mizrahi, Tal; Heller, Joseph; Goldenberg, Shoshana; Arad, Zeev (2009). "Heat shock proteins and resistance to desiccation in congeneric land snails". Cell Stress and Chaperones. 15 (4): 351–63. doi:10.1007/s12192-009-0150-9. PMC   3082649 . PMID   19953352..
• http://www.animalbase.uni-goettingen.de/zooweb/servlet/AnimalBase/home/genus?id=678