St John's Cathedral | |
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The Cathedral Church of St John the Evangelist | |
聖約翰座堂 | |
22°16′43.86″N114°9′34.41″E / 22.2788500°N 114.1595583°E | |
Location |
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Denomination | Anglican |
Churchmanship | High church [1] |
Website | www |
History | |
Status | Cathedral |
Dedication | St John the Evangelist |
Consecrated | 1852 |
Architecture | |
Heritage designation | |
Designated | 5 January 1996 |
Reference no. | 60 |
Style | Gothic Revival |
Groundbreaking | 1847 |
Completed | 1849 |
Specifications | |
Materials | stucco, wood |
Administration | |
Province | Hong Kong & Macao |
Diocese | Hong Kong Island (since 1998) |
Clergy | |
Archbishop | Andrew Chan |
Bishop(s) | Matthias Der |
Dean | Chan Kwok-keung |
Laity | |
Director of music | Felix Yeung |
Organist(s) | Jonathan Yip |
Music group(s) |
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St John's Cathedral | |||||||||||||
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Traditional Chinese | 聖約翰座堂 | ||||||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 圣约翰座堂 | ||||||||||||
Cantonese Yale | Sing yeuk hohn joh tòhng | ||||||||||||
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The Cathedral Church of Saint John the Evangelist is the cathedral of the Anglican Diocese of Hong Kong Island,and mother church to the Province of Hong Kong and Macao. It is the seat of the Archbishop of Hong Kong and the Bishop of Hong Kong Island.
At Garden Road,Central,the cathedral is located in a prime central position,[ weasel words ] surrounded by the Bank of China Tower,Cheung Kong Center,HSBC Main Building,Court of Final Appeal Building,Former Central Government Offices,and the Former French Mission Building.
St John's Cathedral is one of the five cathedrals in Hong Kong. The others are Holy Trinity Cathedral (Anglican),All Saints’Cathedral (Anglican),St Luke Orthodox Cathedral (Eastern Orthodox),and the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception (Roman Catholic).
The congregation that would become the cathedral held its first Sunday service on Sunday,11 March 1849,as "Hongkong Colonial Chapel",the founding church of the Diocese of Victoria. [2] [3] It was consecrated as St John's Cathedral by George Smith,bishop of Victoria,in 1852. [3]
On the morning of 8 December 1941,the day after their attack on Pearl Harbor,Hawaii,the Japanese attacked Hong Kong. On Christmas morning 1941 Alaric Rose took the morning service in St John's with a congregation of one hundred,while shelling continued on the island. [2]
During the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong,the cathedral was converted into a club for the Japanese. Many of the original fittings were stripped out,including the original stained glass windows,which had been created by William Morris' firm. [4]
On 9 September 1945,the first service after the arrival of the Royal Navy was held in the cathedral. [5]
In 1981,Peter Kwong became the first Chinese bishop of Hong Kong, [6] who went on to become the first archbishop of Hong Kong when the province was established in 1998.
The site of St John's Cathedral is the only freehold land in Hong Kong,granted in fee simple pursuant to s. 6(1) of the Church of England Trust Ordinance (Cap. 1014) of 1930. All other land tenure in Hong Kong is leasehold in nature. [7]
On 5 June 2012,there was a service of thanksgiving at the cathedral in honour of the diamond jubilee of Elizabeth II. [8] [9]
It is the oldest surviving Western ecclesiastical building in Hong Kong,and the oldest Anglican church in the Far East. [10]
The cathedral's architectural style is a plain,unadorned adaptation of 13th-century English and decorated Gothic,which was the popular revivalist style for churches at the time. Along the north wall is a memorial tablet to William Thornton Bate,who was killed in the battle on Canton in 1857. [11] A similar tablet is found at St Ann's Church in Portsea,Portsmouth,Hampshire. [12]
The bell tower of the cathedral is decorated with a large "VR" on the west face,in commemoration of the institution's founding during the reign of Queen Victoria. The north and south faces of the tower are decorated with the coats-of-arms of two former governors of Hong Kong,John Francis Davis and George Bonham. [4]
There were reports that the main doors of the cathedral are made with wood planks salvaged from HMS Tamar,but according to a 2016 article published by the South China Morning Post ,that is untrue. [13]
The first pew on the south side of the interior bears the royal arms,as it was formerly reserved for the governor or any member of the royal family visiting Hong Kong before the handover in 1997.[ citation needed ]
It was declared a monument of Hong Kong in 1996. [14]
Next to the cathedral is a large memorial cross,unveiled by governor Reginald Edward Stubbs in 1921 in memory of the soldiers killed in the First World War. During the Japanese occupation the cross was reduced to a straight granite column. In 1952 it was replaced by a Celtic cross,with an inscription added to commemorate those who had died in both world wars. The original bronze tablet with the names of the First World War dead is held inside the cathedral,in St Michael's Chapel.
Every year ex-British Army members hold a memorial service at the memorial cross.
Beside the memorial cross is a tombstone covering the remains of Ronald Douglas Maxwell,who was killed in Wan Chai three days before the ceasefire. This is the only grave within the cathedral precinct,and is registered by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission. [15]
Clerical position | Name [16] |
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Archbishop of Hong Kong | Andrew Chan |
Archbishop emeritus of Hong Kong and bishop emeritus of Hong Kong Island | Peter Kwong |
Paul Kwong | |
Bishop of Hong Kong Island | Matthias Der |
Dean | Chan Kwok Keung (outreach ministry,and Discovery Bay Church) |
Chaplains (ministries) | William Newman (Christian Education,and St Stephen's Chapel Stanley) |
Robert Martin (liturgy and spirituality,and Emmanuel Church Pokfulam) | |
Dwight dela Torre (Filipino congregation) | |
Sharon Langbis (Filipino congregation) | |
Peter Koon (Chinese ministry) | |
Amos Poon (Chinese ministry) | |
Honorary chaplain | Philip L. Wickeri |
Polly Wong Heung-fong (deacon) |
The Battle of Hong Kong,also known as the Defence of Hong Kong and the Fall of Hong Kong,was one of the first battles of the Pacific War in World War II. On the same morning as the attack on Pearl Harbor,forces of the Empire of Japan attacked the British Crown colony of Hong Kong around the same time that Japan declared war on Great Britain. The Hong Kong garrison consisted of British,Indian and Canadian units,also the Auxiliary Defence Units and Hong Kong Volunteer Defence Corps (HKVDC).
The Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception is a late 19th-century English Gothic revival church that serves as the cathedral of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Hong Kong. It is located in the Mid-Levels area of the city at 16 Caine Road.
The Hong Kong Sheng Kung Hui (abbreviated SKH),also known as the Hong Kong Anglican Church (Episcopal),is the Anglican church in Hong Kong and Macao. It is the 38th Province of the Anglican Communion. It is also one of the major denominations in Hong Kong and the first in the Anglican Communion to ordain a female priest.
The Imperial Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began when the governor of Hong Kong,Sir Mark Young,surrendered the British Crown colony of Hong Kong to the Empire of Japan on 25 December 1941. His surrender occurred after 18 days of fierce fighting against the Japanese forces that invaded the territory. The occupation lasted for three years and eight months until Japan surrendered at the end of the Second World War. The length of the period later became a metonym of the occupation.
Peter Kwong Kong-kit was the first Primate of the Hong Kong Sheng Kung Hui,Archbishop of Hong Kong and Bishop of the Diocese of Hong Kong Island following the establishment of the Anglican Communion's Province of Hong Kong after the Handover. He was the first Chinese bishop of the diocese of Hong Kong and Macao.
South Asians are part of the Hong Kong society. As of the 2021 by-census,there were at least 101,969 persons of South Asian descent in Hong Kong. Many trace their roots in Hong Kong as far back as when the Indian subcontinent was still under British colonial rule and as a legacy of the British Empire,their nationality issues remain largely unsettled. However,recently an increasing number of them have acquired Chinese nationality.
HMS Tamar was a Royal Navy troopship built by the Samuda Brothers at Cubitt Town,London,and launched in Britain in 1863. She served as a supply ship from 1897 to 1941,and gave her name to the shore station HMS Tamar in Hong Kong.
Florence Li Tim-Oi was the first woman to be ordained to the priesthood in the Anglican Communion,on 25 January 1944.
The Lutheran Church—Hong Kong Synod is a confessional Lutheran church body in Hong Kong. The LCHKS has nearly 40 congregations. The LCHKS grew from the China mission of The Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod (LCMS),which was established in the early 1900s. Many of the LCHKS parishes and schools are listed below.
Paul Kwong CStJ is a retired Anglican bishop from Hong Kong,who served as Archbishop and Primate of Hong Kong Sheng Kung Hui,Bishop of Hong Kong Island,and Bishop of Macau from 2007 to 2021. Kwong is also the current chair of the Anglican Consultative Council,as the first sitting primate to lead an ACC meeting. Kwong is also a member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) taking a pro-Beijing stance.
St. George's Cathedral is a Church of South India cathedral in Chennai,India. The cathedral was built in 1815. St. George's occupies an important place in the history of Christianity in India,as the Church of South India was inaugurated here on 27 September 1947. It marked the breaking down of ecclesiastical barriers between Protestants of various traditions.
The Diocese of Hong Kong Island is one of the three dioceses under the Hong Kong Sheng Kung Hui,a province of the Anglican Communion. Its territory covers Hong Kong Island and the outlying islands. The cathedral of the diocese,St. John's Cathedral,is the oldest surviving Western ecclesiastical building in Hong Kong. It was constructed in the 1840s.
William Thornton Bate was a British Royal Navy officer and surveyor. He served in First Anglo-Chinese War and Second Anglo-Chinese War. He died during the Battle of Canton in 1857.
Chung Hua Sheng Kung Hui,known in English as the Holy Catholic Church in China or Anglican-Episcopal Province of China,was the Anglican Church in China from 1912 until about 1958,when it ceased operations.
Ronald Owen Hall was an English Anglican missionary bishop in Hong Kong and China in the mid 20th century. As an emergency measure during the Second World War,with China under Japanese occupation,he ordained Florence Li Tim-Oi as the first woman priest in the Anglican Communion.
John Gilbert Hindley Baker was a British Anglican bishop who served as Bishop of Hong Kong and Macao from 1966 to 1980.
The Diocese of Hong Kong and Macao was an extra-provincial diocese in the Anglican Communion serving Hong Kong and Macau. It existed from 1951 until 1998,when it was reorganized as an autonomous Anglican church,the Hong Kong Sheng Kung Hui.
Holy Trinity Cathedral,in Kowloon,Hong Kong,is a cathedral for the Anglican Eastern Kowloon diocese. It was established in 1890,making it one of the oldest Anglican churches in Hong Kong. The cathedral is one of the three Anglican cathedrals of the Hong Kong Anglican church.
Andrew Chan Au-ming is the Archbishop of Hong Kong and Primate of Hong Kong Sheng Kung Hui since January 2021 and the Bishop of its Western Kowloon diocese since March 2012. He was ordained as deacon in 1991 and priest in 1992. He was priest-in-charge of Holy Spirit Church,vicar of St. Luke's Church and the first Chinese dean of St. John's Cathedral.
Between 1923 and 1936,the Imperial War Graves Commission erected a series of memorial tablets in French and Belgian cathedrals to commemorate the British Empire dead of the First World War. The tablets were erected in towns in which British Army or Empire troops had been quartered.
聖約翰座堂因為保留和天主教相似的「高派」崇拜儀式,也成為望彌撒的最佳場所。[St John's Cathedral is also the best place to attend a Mass, because the congregation worships in the 'High Church' tradition, which is similar to that of the Catholic Church.]
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