Bank of China Tower | |
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中銀大廈 | |
General information | |
Status | Completed |
Type | Commercial offices |
Location | 1 Garden Road Central, Hong Kong |
Coordinates | 22°16′45″N114°09′41″E / 22.27917°N 114.16139°E |
Construction started | 18 April 1985 |
Completed | 1990 |
Opening | 17 May 1990 |
Height | |
Architectural | 367.4 m (1,205.4 ft) |
Antenna spire | 52.4 m (172 ft) |
Roof | 315 m (1,033.5 ft) |
Top floor | 288.3 m (945.9 ft) |
Technical details | |
Floor count | 72 (+4 basement floors) |
Floor area | 135,000 m2 (1,450,000 sq ft) |
Lifts/elevators | 49 |
Design and construction | |
Architect(s) | I. M. Pei & Partners Sherman Kung & Associates Architects Ltd. Thomas Boada S.L. |
Engineer | Jaros, Baum & Bolles (MEP Design) |
Structural engineer | Leslie E. Robertson Associates RLLP |
Main contractor | HKC (Holdings) Ltd Kumagai HK |
References | |
[1] [2] [3] [4] |
Bank of China Tower | |||||||||||||||
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Traditional Chinese | 中銀大廈 | ||||||||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 中银大厦 | ||||||||||||||
Cantonese Yale | Jūngngán Daaihhah | ||||||||||||||
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The Bank of China Tower (BOC Tower) is a skyscraper located in Central,Hong Kong. Located at 1 Garden Road on Hong Kong Island,the tower houses the headquarters of the Bank of China (Hong Kong) Limited. [5] One of the most recognisable landmarks in Hong Kong,the building is notable for its distinct shape and design,consisting of triangular frameworks covered by glass curtain walls.
The building was designed by Chinese-American architect I. M. Pei and L. C. Pei of I. M. Pei and Partners. At a height of 315 m (1,033.5 ft),reaching 367.4 m (1,205.4 ft) high including a 52.4 m (172 ft) spire, [5] the building is the fourth tallest skyscraper in Hong Kong,after International Commerce Centre,Two International Finance Centre (2 IFC) and Central Plaza. It was the tallest building in Hong Kong and Asia from 1990 to 1992,and it was the first supertall skyscraper outside the United States,the first to break the 305 m (1,000 ft) mark. It was surpassed by Central Plaza on the same island in 1992.
Construction began on 18 April 1985 on the former site of Murray House,and was completed five years later in 1990. Sporting a steel-column design,the building is accessible from the MTR's Central station. The building lies between Cotton Tree Drive and Garden Road.
The 6,700 m2 (72,000 sq ft) site on which the building is constructed was formerly the location of Murray House. After its brick-by-brick relocation to Stanley,the site was sold by the Government for "only HK$1 billion" in August 1982 amidst growing concern over the future of Hong Kong in the run-up to the transfer of sovereignty.
The building was initially built by the Hong Kong Branch of the Bank of China;its Garden Road entrance continues to display the name "Bank of China",rather than BOCHK. The top four and the bottom 19 stories are used by the Bank,while the other floors are leased out. Ownership has since been transferred to BOCHK,although the Bank of China has leased back several floors for use by its own operations in Hong Kong. [6]
The Government had apparently given preferential treatment to Chinese companies,and was again criticised for the apparent preferential treatment to the BOCHK. [7]
The price paid was half the amount of the 6,250 m2 (67,274 sq ft) Admiralty II plot,for which the MTR Corporation paid HK$1.82 billion in cash. The BOC would make initial payment of $60 million,with the rest payable over 13 years at 6% interest. The announcement of the sale was also poorly handled,and a dive in business confidence ensued. The Hang Seng Index fell 80 points,and the HK$ lost 1.5% of its value the next day. [7]
The tower was built by Japanese contractor Kumagai Gumi. Superstructure work began in May 1986. [8] The tower is a steel-frame structure.
The Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 interrupted publicity surrounding the building's design and construction. A press conference scheduled for 24 May 1989,two weeks before the incident,was intended to show off the building's "designer socialist furnishings",but was called off as the student demonstrations in Beijing escalated. The public relations firm that organised the conference explained to the South China Morning Post that "under the circumstances,it has been decided to stop any publicity to do with the Bank of China." [9]
Once developed,gross floor area was expected to be 100,000 m2 (1,076,391 sq ft). [7] The original project was intended for completion on the auspicious date of 8 August 1988. However,owing to project delays,groundbreaking took place in March 1985,almost two years late,with the completion also facing a nearly two-year delay. It was topped out in 1989,and occupied on 15 June 1990.
Designed by Pritzker Prize-winning architect I. M. Pei,the building is 315.0 m (1,033.5 ft) high with two masts reaching 367.4 m (1,205.4 ft) high. The 72-storey building is located near Central MTR station. This was the tallest building in Hong Kong and Asia from 1990 to 1992,the first building outside the United States to break the 305 m (1,000 ft) mark,and the first composite space frame high-rise building. That also means it was the tallest outside the United States from its completion year,1990. It is now the fourth tallest skyscraper in Hong Kong,after International Commerce Centre,Two International Finance Centre and Central Plaza.
A small observation deck on the 43rd floor of the building was once open to the public, [10] but is now closed. [11] [12]
The whole structure is supported by the four steel columns at the corners of the building,with the triangular frameworks transferring the weight of the structure onto these four columns. It is covered with glass curtain walls. Structural engineer Leslie E. Robertson,best known for his work on the Twin Towers of the original World Trade Center,provided the structural engineering design,while Jaros,Baum &Bolles was the mechanical,electrical and plumbing engineer. [13] [14]
While its distinctive look makes it one of Hong Kong's most identifiable landmarks today,it was the source of some controversy at one time,as the bank is the only major building in Hong Kong to have bypassed the convention of consulting with feng shui masters on matters of design prior to construction.
The building has been criticised by some practitioners of feng shui for its sharp edges and its negative symbolism by the numerous 'X' shapes in its original design,though Pei modified the design to some degree before construction following this feedback. The building's profile from some angles resembles that of a meat cleaver and it is sometimes referred to as a "vertical knife". [15] This earned it the nickname 一把刀 (yaat baa dou) in Cantonese,literally meaning 'one knife'.
The Bank of China Tower can be accessed by the Mass Transit Railway (MTR) by walking through Chater Garden from Central station Exit J2.
Central Plaza is a 78-storey,374 m (1,227 ft) skyscraper at 18 Harbour Road,in Wan Chai on Hong Kong Island in Hong Kong. Completed in August 1992,it is the third tallest tower in the city after 2 International Finance Centre in Central and the International Commerce Centre in West Kowloon. It was the tallest building in Asia from 1992 to 1996,until the Shun Hing Square was built in Shenzhen,a neighbouring city. Central Plaza surpassed the Bank of China Tower as the tallest building in Hong Kong until the completion of 2 IFC.
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The Center is the fifth tallest skyscraper in Hong Kong,after International Commerce Centre,Two International Finance Centre,Central Plaza and Bank of China Tower. With a height of 346 m (1,135 ft),it comprises 73 storeys. The Center is one of the few skyscrapers in Hong Kong that is entirely steel-structured with no reinforced concrete core and is one of the tallest steel buildings in world. It is located on 99 Queen's Road Central in the Central,roughly halfway between the MTR Island line's Sheung Wan and Central stations.
The Petronas Towers,also known as the Petronas Twin Towers and colloquially the KLCC Twin Towers,are an interlinked pair of 88-storey supertall skyscrapers in Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia,standing at 451.9 metres. From 1996 to 2004,they were the tallest buildings in the world until they were surpassed by the Taipei 101 building. The Petronas Towers remain the world's tallest twin skyscrapers,surpassing the original World Trade Center towers in New York City,and were the tallest buildings in Malaysia until 2019,when they were surpassed by The Exchange 106. The Petronas Towers are a major landmark of Kuala Lumpur,along with the nearby Kuala Lumpur Tower and Merdeka 118,and are visible in many places across the city.
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HSBC Main Building is a headquarters building of The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation,which is today a wholly owned subsidiary of London-based HSBC Holdings. It is located on the southern side of Statue Square near the location of the old City Hall,Hong Kong. The previous HSBC building was built in 1935 and pulled down to make way for the current building. The address remains as 1 Queen's Road Central.
The Shanghai World Financial Center is a supertall skyscraper located in the Pudong district of Shanghai. It was designed by Kohn Pedersen Fox and developed by the Mori Building Company,with Leslie E. Robertson Associates as its structural engineer and China State Construction Engineering Corp and Shanghai Construction (Group) General Co. as its main contractor. It is a mixed-use skyscraper,consisting of offices,hotels,conference rooms,observation decks,ground-floor shopping malls. Park Hyatt Shanghai is the tower's hotel component,comprising 174 rooms and suites occupying the 79th to the 93rd floors,which at the time of completion was the highest hotel in the world. It is now the third-highest hotel in the world after the Ritz-Carlton,Hong Kong,which occupies floors 102 to 118 of the International Commerce Centre.
The International Commerce Centre is a 108-story,484 m (1,588 ft) supertall skyscraper in West Kowloon,Hong Kong,resting atop the Elements mall and near two MTR Stations. It is the world's 13th tallest building by height,10th tallest by number of floors,and Hong Kong's tallest,as well as the only building in the city with over 100 storeys. The official height is 484 m (1,588 ft),which includes the 6 m (20 ft) tall parapets on the roof. It was the world's 4th tallest building and 3rd in Asia when completed in 2010.
Shun Hing Square,also known as "Di Wang Tower" (地王大厦) is a 384-meter (1,260 ft)-tall skyscraper in Shenzhen,Guangdong province,China. Upon its completion in 1996,it became the tallest building in China,until being surpassed by CITIC Plaza in the next year.
Bank of ChinaLimited,abbreviated as BOCHK,is a subsidiary of the Bank of China. Bank of China is the second-largest commercial banking group in Hong Kong in terms of assets and customer deposits,with more than 190 branches across Hong Kong as of the end of 2019. It is also one of the three commercial banks licensed by the Hong Kong Monetary Authority to issue banknotes for the Hong Kong dollar.
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