The World Class Land[5] development project consists of a 316.7-metre-tall (1,039ft) apartment building with 1,105 apartments over 100 floors. Construction of the revised Fender Katsalidis Architects–design by Brookfield Multiplex commenced in 2015 and was completed in 2020.
Prior to its current form, plans were initially for a 72–level residential building with a height of 226 metres (741 feet). In 2012, these plans were revised and resubmitted in favour of mixed–use residential and hotel skyscraper, reaching 388 metres (1,273 feet) and comprising 108 levels. This proposal was approved by the Government of Victoria in March 2013; however, it was shelved four months later after it struggled to meet conditions imposed by state and federal government authorities including VicRoads and the Civil Aviation Safety Authority.
Site
The 70 Southbank Boulevard site is situated on the corner of City Road and Southbank Boulevard in the Southbank precinct of Melbourne. The land comprised two separately titled buildings, both of which had two levels. The buildings had a total net lettable area of 2,828m2 (30,440sqft), on a land area of 2,642m2 (28,440sqft).[6]
The site was purchased by architecture firm Fender Katsalidis Architects in April 2008, for A$14.2million, after the original tenancies ran an expression of interest campaign.[7]
Previous proposals
First proposal at 70 Southbank Boulevard (2009–2012)
In 2009, plans were submitted by Fender Katsalidis Architects to the City of Melbourne for an A$400million residential building to be built on the 70 Southbank Boulevard site. In its original proposal, the building, 70 Southbank Boulevard,[8] was planned to be 226 metres (741 feet) in height and consist of 532 residential apartments, six levels of office space, a fresh food market and other retail amenities, spanning 72 floors.[9] The building was designed to replicate the nearby Eureka Tower, also a Fender Katsalidis development.[9]Nonda Katsalidis noted that his firm "wanted to re-create elements of what we had achieved at Eureka and apply it to 70 Southbank Boulevard" with the Eureka Tower.[9]
The building development was approved by then–Victorian Planning Minister Justin Madden on 21 April 2010,[10] a decision which received backlash from the City of Melbourne council, dubbing the development as "excessively high" and "at odds with the City of Melbourne's height guidelines for the area". In May 2010, the council lodged an appeal to the Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal (VCAT) to have the building permit overturned, asserting that the building surpassed the 100-metre (330ft) height limit in the area's planning scheme.[11] VCAT rejected the appeal and noted that the planning scheme did not specify a maximum height.[12]
Nonetheless, in July 2012, the site was put up for sale through an international public expression of interest campaign and was listed at A$25 million. This was to allow the Fender Katsalidis partners time to "go in different directions".[9][13]
Second proposal with 'Australia 108' moniker (2012–2013)
In November 2012, Katsalidis revealed revised plans for the building which would have seen it "super-sized" to 388 metres (1,273 feet) in height, with 108 floors. The new proposal integrated the previous plans, but went on to include more residential apartments, a six-star hotel, and a two-storey star-shaped sky lobby with restaurants and bars.[14][15][16]
A render for Australia 108, as initially proposed in 2012.
The residential section of the skyscraper would have comprised 646 apartments, throughout levels 13 to 81.[17][18] This included a penthouse apartment on levels 80 and 81.[18] Meanwhile, the hotel aspect of the skyscraper would have occupied levels 83 to 102 and feature 288 rooms.[18] A prominent component of this proposal was its star-shaped sky lobby on the 83rd and 84th floors, which would have protruded 9 metres (30 feet) outside of the building, in similar vein to the Eureka Tower's Edge experience, only larger.[19] The Commonwealth Star on the Flag of Australia was used as inspiration for the "starburst".[20][21] Another design feature was the use of two metal-claddedbeacon towers atop the skyscraper's roof.[17][18] Whilst Australia 108's main roof would have terminated at level 104, the two beacons of varying heights –the taller rising to 388 metres (1,273 feet) above ground– would have comprised levels 105 to 108.[18] A cantilevered 'skybar' forming level 108, was to be hoisted between the beacons at approximately 350 metres (1,150 feet) above ground.[18]
Fender Katsalidis Architects incorporated the Chinese system of geomancy, known as Feng shui, when developing the new proposal. The building's name, height and top floor all contain the number 8, which "relates to prosperity, abundance and security".[22]
The new proposal was subjected to a second planning application process for approval.[14] On 5 March 2013, the City of Melbourne council voted to oppose the development, citing it as an "over-development of the site".[23] The Lord Mayor of Melbourne, Robert Doyle, a Shrine of Remembrance trustee, argued that the building would exceed the council's planning scheme in the area by almost 300 metres (980 feet) and it could potentially create a 1.7 kilometres (1.1 miles) shadow over the Shrine of Remembrance. However, the Shrine's CEO, Denis Baguley, believed otherwise, stating, "I don't believe there are issues of overshadowing that will concern us." VCAT had already approved the project, but the final decision was up to Victorian Planning Minister Matthew Guy.[24]
Despite concerns, the project received its final approval on 18 March 2013 by Guy, who went on to describe the development as "a magnificent addition to Melbourne's skyline. Australia 108 will be a signature development that will define Melbourne for decades to come."[25][26][27]
The project was put on the market on 20 April 2013.[28]
Construction on the 1 billion dollar development[25][29] was to have commenced in 2014, and would have taken three to four years to build, with completion around 2018.[30][31] The construction was expected to have created 300 jobs in construction and hospitality industries.[25][32] Upon completion, Australia 108 would have become the tallest building in Australia – surpassing The Gold Coast's Q1 Tower at 323 metres (1,060 feet) and Melbourne's Eureka Tower at 297 metres (974 feet)[33] – and would have therefore been the tallest building in the Southern Hemisphere,[25] and the only such building to have over 100 floors.
In April 2013, it was reported that Australia 108 would have infringed on federal regulations protecting aircraft safety, known as PANS-OPS, particularly in regard to aircraft departing and arriving at Essendon Airport, located some 13 kilometres (8.1 miles) to the north of the project site.[34] At the time, it was claimed that the tower would have extended 13 metres (43 feet) into Essendon Airport's flight path "envelope," whose southerly approach requires a 373-metre (1,224ft) height limit to any potential obstruction within 15 kilometres (9.3 miles) of the airfield.[34] When asked about this situation, architect Nonda Katsilidis claimed that the flight paths would not be a problem, and that a technical solution could be drawn up if required. He also stressed that any design changes would be "minimal".[34]
Despite this, the project (in its original form) was officially shelved in July 2013, following its inability to meet a "hybrid of requirements" from authorities such as VicRoads, and the Australian Civil Aviation Safety Authority which stated that there was "no flexibility" to approve a building that breached height restrictions.[35][36] Consequently, Planning Minister Guy held talks with Deputy Prime Minister Warren Truss, regarding the height restrictions on inner city buildings.[36]
Final iteration (2013–present)
Planning, design, and approval
The "starburst" occupying levels 69 to 71 of Australia 108. As viewed from the Melbourne Skydeck, Eureka Tower, April 2021.
The project was bought for approximately $30 million by Singapore developer Aspial Corporation, during late 2013. Plans were later resubmitted to the Department of Planning in 2014, for a new proposal; a 100-storey, 317-metre (1,040ft)-tall apartment tower, to comprise 1,105 apartments (a gain of 500 from the previous proposal).[37][38] The hotel from the superseded design was removed from the plans, making the project solely residential.[38] The star-shaped sky lobby feature from the previous proposal was incorporated in the design of the building, albeit with various purposes (as opposed to a public observation), and would be located on levels 69 through to 71.[4][39]
Approval for this proposal was granted by Minister Guy on 25 June 2014.[38]
Launch
Australia 108 was launched to the public on 14 February 2015,[40] having already secured up to 300 buyers during a soft pre-launch period.[41] Less than a month following its launch, 1,000 of the 1,105 apartments had been sold.[42] This includes the sale of the penthouse spread across the 100th floor — the "tallest" home in the southern hemisphere. It was sold for A$25 million, an Australian record at the time, to a businessman based in China.[43] By July 2015, almost all of the apartments were sold[44] and in October 2015 only 33 apartments remained on the market. The cheaper apartments on the lower storeys sold for $450,000.[1]
The initial aspect of the construction phase, demolition and site preparation, was completed in early 2015.[45][46] Construction on the $900 million residential skyscraper itself, commenced in October 2015, with work on the skyscraper's foundation having concluded in July 2016.[1][3] In September 2015, Aspial Corporation announced their formal appointment of Brookfield Multiplex as the main contractor of Australia 108.[47]Kone, an international engineering and service company, secured an order to supply 13 elevators to Australia 108 in March 2016.[48] By April 2018, the building's core reached its 50th level – marking the halfway point of the skyscraper.[49]
The skyscraper was completed in 2020 and underwent construction in 5 stages:[49]
Stages
Description
Completion
1
up to level 40; 491 apartments
late 2018
2
up to level 56; 252 apartments
mid 2019
3
up to level 66; 162 apartments
mid 2019
4
up to level 86; 120 apartments
early 2020
5
up to final level (100); 80 apartments
mid 2020
In June 2020, the skyscraper had topped-out at level 100, and by late 2020 construction concluded.[2] Upon completion, Australia 108 claimed the following height distinctions from Eureka Tower: the tallest building in Melbourne and the tallest building in Australia to roof. Additionally, it became the second–tallest building in Australia overall, surpassed by Q1 Tower on the Gold Coast.[50] The latter skyscraper reaches 322.5 metres (1,058 feet) in height via its spire,[51] which is included in the first method (height to architectural top) and third method (height to tip) of ranking the heights of tall buildings according to the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH).[52] Nonetheless, Australia 108 is ranked the tallest building in Australia based on the second CTBUH method (highest occupied floor),[52] with its highest occupied floor at 312.4 metres (1,025 feet)[3] — compared to the second tallest, Eureka Tower at 292.3 metres (959 feet),[53] and Q1 Tower at 235 metres (771 feet).[51] Furthermore, Australia 108 is the Southern Hemisphere's only building with at least 100 floors,[36][37] and only the second residential skyscraper in the world to comprise at least 100 floors, after the Princess Tower in Dubai.[54]
Gallery
Approximately a year into construction, Australia 108 in February 2017, as viewed from the Eureka Skydeck
Australia 108 under construction in July 2018; a few months earlier, construction reached level 50
Australia 108 (centre) under construction in November 2019, alongside Prima Pearl, Eureka Tower, and other prominent buildings on the Southbank skyline
A ground-level view of Australia 108, completed in September 2020
Australia 108 (left) and Eureka Tower (right) in October 2021
Australia 108 (centre-right) along Melbourne's skyline in January 2022
Eureka Tower is a 297.3 m (975 ft) skyscraper located in the Southbank precinct of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Construction began in August 2002 and the exterior was completed on 1 June 2006. The plaza was finished in June 2006 and the building was officially opened on 11 October 2006. The project was designed by Melbourne architectural firm Fender Katsalidis Architects and was built by Grocon. The developer of the tower was Eureka Tower Pty Ltd, a joint venture consisting of Daniel Grollo (Grocon), investor Tab Fried and one of the Tower's architects Nonda Katsalidis.
Q1 Tower is a 322.5-metre (1,058 ft) supertall skyscraper in Queensland, Australia. The residential tower on the Gold Coast was the world's tallest residential building from 2005 to 2011. As of 2023, it is the tallest building in Australia, the second tallest building in the Southern Hemisphere, and the third-tallest free-standing structure in the Southern Hemisphere, behind the Autograph Tower in Jakarta, Indonesia, and the Sky Tower in Auckland, New Zealand. The Q1 officially opened in November 2005.
Fender Katsalidis (FK) is an architecture firm which originated in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, and now has additional studios in Sydney and Brisbane. Founded by Karl Fender and Nonda Katsalidis, the firm has been notable since the early 1990s, producing many landmark buildings in Melbourne and other Australian cities. The firm has previously been known as Nation Fender, then Nation Fender Katsalidis and later Fender Katsalidis.
6 & 8 Parramatta Square is a skyscraper in Parramatta, New South Wales, Australia, a centrepiece of the Parramatta Square development. The building consists entirely of commercial office space, making up 120,000 square metres (1,300,000 sq ft) of floorspace, at a height of 225.45 metres (739.7 ft), making it the tallest building in Parramatta and outside the Sydney central business district. It was built in the Parramatta Square Development on plot 8 called PSQ8.
Prima Pearl is a residential skyscraper completed in 2014, in the Southbank precinct of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. As of 2022, the skyscraper is the seventh–tallest building in Melbourne and the 13th–tallest building in Australia.
Victoria One is a residential skyscraper in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
One Queensbridge was a proposed mixed–used supertall skyscraper to be located in the Southbank precinct of Melbourne, Australia. The skyscraper would have become the tallest building in Melbourne, surpassing the height of Australia 108, and the tallest building in Australia, eclipsing the height of Q1. In addition to being the tallest, the development would have been one of the biggest single–building projects in Australia, encompassing 300,376 square metres of floor area.
Elysium was a proposed residential skyscraper to be located in the Southbank precinct of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Despite receiving planning approval in 2013, the proposed skyscraper was scrapped in 2019.
Eq. Tower is a residential building in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
25–35 Power Street is an approved mixed–use skyscraper in the Southbank precinct of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Abode318 is a residential skyscraper developed by PDG Corporation and Schiavello and designed by Elenberg Fraser and Disegno Australia in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. As of November 2016, the skyscraper is the 38th–tallest building in Melbourne.
Melbourne Square is a A$2.8 billion building complex of residential mixed-use towers in the Southbank precinct of Melbourne, Victoria. The complex will be constructed in five stages, with a permit requiring completion by 2031. Stage one of the development commenced construction in November 2017, and was completed in May 2021.
Collins House is a residential skyscraper in Collins St Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Queens Place is an approved residential complex of twin skyscrapers, to be built on 350 Queen Street in Melbourne, Victoria. Upon completion, they will be amongst the tallest buildings in Melbourne, and the tallest twin skyscrapers in Australia.
Crown Towers is a hotel skyscraper located in the Southbank precinct of Melbourne, Australia. Built in 1997, the hotel is one of three hotels at the Crown Casino and Entertainment Complex, the others being: Crown Promenade (2003) and Crown Metropol (2010). Located on the banks of the Yarra River, it overlooks the city centre, Kings Domain, Port Phillip and Docklands.
STH BNK by Beulah, previously and still commonly referred to as Green Spine, is a dual skyscraper development proposed for Melbourne’s Southbank precinct by Beulah International, and designed by architectural firms UNStudio and Cox Architecture. The site currently hosts a BMW dealership.
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