| Stigmella oxyacanthella | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Nepticulidae |
| Genus: | Stigmella |
| Species: | S. oxyacanthella |
| Binomial name | |
| Stigmella oxyacanthella | |
| Synonyms | |
List
| |
Stigmella oxyacanthella is a moth of the family Nepticulidae, found in Europe and North America. The larvae are leaf miners feeding inside the leaves of trees and shrubs, such as hawthorn, apple and pear.
The wingspan is 5–6 mm. The head is rust yellow, collar white. Antennal eyecaps white. Forewings are shiny bronze brown basal to the tip which has a steel blue shimmer. Hindwings grey. Adults are on wing in June in one generation. [2]
Eggs are laid on the underside of the leaves of snowy mespilus ( Amelanchier ovalis ), common cotoneaster ( Cotoneaster integerrimus ), Cotoneaster multiflorus , azarole ( Crataegus azarolus ), fireberry hawthorn ( Crataegus chrysocarpa ), scarlet hawthorn ( Crataegus coccinea ), cockspur hawthorn ( Crataegus crus-galli ), black hawthorn ( Crataegus douglasii ), Crataegus laciniata , Midland hawthorn ( Crataegus laevigata ), hybrid cockspurthorn ( Crataegus x lavalleei ), hawthorn ( Crataegus monogyna ), small-flowered black hawthorn ( Crataegus pentagyna ), dotted hawthorn ( Crataegus punctata ), river hawthorn ( Crataegus rivularis ), littlehip hawthorn ( Crataegus spathulata ), Crataemespilus arnieresi , Crataemespilus grandiflora , quince ( Cydonia oblonga ), southern crabapple ( Malus angustifolia ), Malus x astracanica, Siberian crab apple ( Malus baccata ), sweet crabapple ( Malus coronaria ), apple ( Malus domestica ), Japanese flowering crabapple ( Malus floribunda ), Oregon crabapple ( Malus fusca ), Malus parviflora , Malus ringo , European crab apple ( Malus sylvestris ), medlar ( Mespilus germanica ), cultivated apricot ( Prunus armeniaca ), wild cherry ( Prunus avium ), blackthorn ( Prunus spinosa ), almond-leaved pear ( Pyrus amygdaliformis ), Tang li ( Pyrus betulaefolia ), common pear ( Pyrus communis ), oleaster-leafed pear ( Pyrus elaeagrifolia ) and rowan ( Sorbus aucuparia ). [2] [3]
Larvae are bright green with a pale brown to dark grey head and can be found in September and October. The mine starts as a long, slender gallery, often following a rib or the edge of a leaf; the frass is linear. It then becomes abruptly wider and is filled with neatly coiled reddish frass. The latter part of the mine than becomes long and sinuous and can extend along the rest of the leaf; the frass is in a narrow, irregular central line. [2] In thick, sun-exposed leaves the mine may be significantly shorter. [3]
Pupa, can be found from October to June, in a dark cocoon usually spun on the soil or in detritus. [2] [4]
In Europe it is found from Fennoscandia to the Pyrenees, Italy and Bulgaria, and from Ireland to central Russia. [3] It is considered to be an exotic in North America where it has been recorded in British Columbia, Ontario and Nova Scotia. In the USA, it has been found in Vermont. [5]
Stigmella oxyacanthella was originally named Nepticula oxyacanthella by Henry Tibbats Stainton, in 1854, from a specimen found in England. Nepticula, refers to a grand-daughter, the smallest member of a family (i.e. the small size of the moth), while oxyacanthella refers to the specific name of one of the food plants, Midland hawthorn, which was originally called Crataegus oxyacanthoides. The genus Stigmella – ″stigma″, refers to the conspicuous (or occasionally metallic) small dot or a brand fascia on the forewing of many of the Stigmella species, or possibly the small size of the moths. [6]
Phyllonorycter oxyacanthae is a moth of the family Gracillariidae found in all of Europe except the Balkan Peninsula. It was described by the German-born Swiss entomologist, Heinrich Frey in 1856. The larvae are known as leaf miners, living inside the leaves of their food plants.
Stigmella microtheriella is a moth of the family Nepticulidae, found in Asia, Europe and New Zealand. The larvae mine the leaves of hazel and hornbeams. It was described by the English entomologist, Henry Tibbats Stainton in 1854 from a type specimen found in England.
Stigmella hybnerella also known as the greenish thorn pigmy is a moth of the family Nepticulidae. It is found in all of Europe, in North Africa, the Near East, and the eastern part of the Palearctic realm. The larvae mine the leaves of trees and shrubs such as hawthorns and rowans.
Stigmella lapponica is a moth of the family Nepticulidae found in Asia, Europe and North America. It was first described by the German entomologist, Maximilian Ferdinand Wocke in 1862. The larvae mine the leaves of birch.
Stigmella plagicolella is a moth of the family Nepticulidae described by Henry Tibbats Stainton in 1854. It is found in all of Europe and the Near East.
Stigmella aurella is a moth of the family Nepticulidae found in Africa, Asia and Europe. It was first described by the Danish zoologist, Johan Christian Fabricius in 1775. The larvae are leaf miners.
Stigmella sorbi is a moth of the family Nepticulidae, described by Henry Tibbats Stainton in 1861. It is found in most of Europe, east to the eastern part of the Palearctic realm.
Stigmella salicis is a moth of the family Nepticulidae which is found in Europe. It was first described by the English entomologist, Henry Stainton in 1854. The type locality is from England.
Stigmella crataegella is a moth of the family Nepticulidae found in Europe. It was described by the Austrian entomologist Josef Wilhelm Klimesch in 1936. The larvae mine the leaves of hawthorns.
The banded apple pigmy is a moth of the family Nepticulidae. It is found in almost all of Europe, except Iceland and Norway.
Stigmella perpygmaeella is a moth of the family Nepticulidae, found in most of Europe, east to Russia. The larvae mine the leaves of hawthorns.
Leucoptera malifoliella, the pear leaf blister moth, ribbed apple leaf miner or apple leaf miner, is a moth of the Lyonetiidae family that can be found in all of Europe.
Ectoedemia atricollis is a moth of the family Nepticulidae found in Asia and Europe. It was described by the English entomologist Henry Tibbats Stainton in 1857.
Enteucha acetosae, the pygmy sorrel moth, is a moth of the family Nepticulidae found in Europe. It is one of the smallest moths in the world with some having a wingspan of only 3mm. The larvae mine the leaves of docks, leaving bright red tissue around the mines.
Lyonetia prunifoliella is a moth in the family Lyonetiidae.
Phyllonorycter corylifoliella, the hawthorn red midget moth, is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is found in all of Europe.
Phyllonorycter mespilella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is found from Germany to the Iberian Peninsula, Sardinia, Italy and the Carpathian Mountains and from Ireland to southern Russia. It also occurs over much of western North America, from California north to British Columbia, and east to Utah and New Mexico.
The Maleae are the apple tribe in the rose family, Rosaceae. The group includes a number of plants bearing commercially important fruits, such as apples and pears, while others are cultivated as ornamentals. Older taxonomies separated some of this group as tribe Crataegeae, as the Cydonia group, or some genera were placed in family Quillajaceae.
Malinae is the name for the apple subtribe in the rose family, Rosaceae. This name is required by the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, which came into force in 2011 for any group at the subtribe rank that includes the genus Malus but not either of the genera Rosa or Amygdalus. The group includes a number of plants bearing commercially important fruits, such as apples and pears, while others are cultivated as ornamentals.
Bucculatrix bechsteinella is a moth of the family Bucculatricidae. It was described by Johann Matthäus Bechstein and Georg Ludwig Scharfenberg in 1805. It is found in most of Europe, except Greece and Bulgaria.