Striped flying squid

Last updated

Striped flying squid
Temporal range: Pliocene - recent [1]
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Cephalopoda
Order: Oegopsida
Family: Ommastrephidae
Subfamily: Ommastrephinae
Genus: Eucleoteuthis
Berry, 1916
Species:
E. luminosa
Binomial name
Eucleoteuthis luminosa
(Sasaki, 1915) [3]
Synonyms

Symplectoteuthis luminosaSasaki, 1915

Eucleoteuthis is a monotypic genus of squid from the family Ommastrephidae; the only species is Eucleoteuthis luminosa, the striped flying squid or luminous flying squid.

Contents

Description

The striped flying squid is a very distinctive species which has two long, yellowish [4] luminous stripes on the underside of its mantle surface and a fused apparatus for locking the funnel to the mantle. It grows to a mantle length of roughly 220 mm [5] and the maximum mantle length recorded in males is 207 mm while the females are slightly longer at 227 mm. [4] Its fourth left arm is hectocotylized and has 19–22 suckers in two series in its basal two-thirds where there is a weak protective membrane and there are two pointed knobs rather than suckers on its tip where the ventral protective membrane is more developed than that on the dorsal side. The largest suckers on the tentacular clubs have either a smooth margin or a single large tooth. The smaller suckers may have more teeth. The apparatus for locking the funnel organ to the mantel is forked towards the front and is fused to the rear, but only in individuals who have a mantle length over 9 mm. There are small subcutaneous photophores on the underside of mantle, head and of the third and fourth arms, while the fourth arms have a large oval photophore at their bases and another hallway to their tips. The ventral surface of mantle has two stripes of luminous tissue extending along almost its entire length with two large, oval-shaped luminous patches at the end of each mantle strip closest to the head. [6] The fins are heart-shaped and taper to a point. [7] The larvae have dispersed large brown chromatophores while in the juveniles these are crimson and brown. [7]

The species is bioluminescent. [8]

Distribution

The striped flying squid is distributed in the southern oceans and in the North Pacific Ocean but it is absent from the North Atlantic Ocean. In the southern South Pacific it is occurs between 20°S and 35°S in the west and it is found from 13°S to 43°S in the east; in the southern Indian Ocean it occurs north to 15°S and south to 34°S and in the southern South Atlantic Ocean between 10°S and 36°S. In the North Pacific Ocean it occurs from the southern Kuril Islands to western North America as far south as Mexico, between 10°N to 40°N. [4]

Habitat and biology

The striped flying squid is found in the epipelagic and upper mesopelagic zones, occurring from near the surface to a depth of 400 m. It lives in open waters mostly over depths of over 200 metres (660 ft), and it appears to be nektonic rather than benthic. Subadults and adults have been recorded at the surface at night, but only rarely. They spend the day at depths greater than 50 to 100 metres (330 ft). They are low to moderately abundant; they are most numerous in the South Pacific Ocean between 30°S and 40°S. Males reach maturity at 95 to 185 mm mantle length, normally at age 180 to 270 days, and females mature at 102 to 200 mm mantle length when they are aged 220 to 240 days. This varies widely over the squid's range and they grow larger at lower latitudes. The maximum life span is one year. In the lower latitudes they spawn throughout the year but in the higher latitudes it is restricted to the spring and summer. The male's spermatophores are 11.2 to 15.8 mm in length, in the Needham's sac of mature males there may be up to 150 of them although more usually between 70 and 100 are present. The egg size is 0.8 to 1.0 mm, and each female may have between 300,000 and 625,000 ova, with the oviducts of mature females holding about 17 000 ripe eggs, probably more. [4]

Related Research Articles

<i>Ancistrocheirus</i> Genus of squids

Ancistrocheirus lesueurii, the sharpear enope squid, is the only species in the genus Ancistrocheirus and family Ancistrocheiridae. With a mantle length of 25 cm, this moderately sized squid may be found throughout the tropical and subtropical oceans. They tend to be found at mesopelagic depths.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ommastrephidae</span> Family of squids

Ommastrephidae is a family of squid containing three subfamilies, 11 genera, and over 20 species. They are widely distributed globally and are extensively fished for food. One species, Todarodes pacificus, comprised around half of the world's cephalopod catch annually.

<i>Doryteuthis opalescens</i> Species of Cephalopoda

Doryteuthis opalescens, the opalescent inshore squid or market squid, is a small squid in the family Loliginidae. It is a myopsid squid, which is the near shore group and that means that they have corneas over their eyes. The species lives in the eastern Pacific Ocean from Mexico's Baja California peninsula to Alaska, United States, and as an inshore squid it can be found with a range of 200 miles (320 km) off the coast.

<i>Histioteuthis reversa</i> Species of cephalopod known as the reverse jewel squid

Histioteuthis reversa, commonly known as the reverse jewel squid or the elongate jewel squid, is a species of cock-eyed squid, so called because the eyes are dissimilar. It occurs at moderate depths in the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea and is also known from the Indian Ocean.

<i>Onychoteuthis</i> Genus of squids

Onychoteuthis is a genus of squid in the family Onychoteuthidae. The type species is Onychoteuthis bergii. While the genus is found worldwide in tropical and subtropical oceans, they can also occur in the North Pacific Ocean. There were previously considered to be four species in the genus but there are now considered to be roughly 10. These squid are frequently observed in the surface waters at night and they are often caught using dipnet at nightlight stations. The young squid are usually the only specimens captured using standard midwater trawls, the older squid are apparently able to avoid the trawls. They can, however be collected from the air as individuals are able to leap high out of the water, sometimes even landing on the deck of a ship.

The neon flying squid, sometimes called the red flying squid, akaika, and red squid is a species of large flying squid in the family Ommastrephidae. They are found in subtropical and temperate oceanic waters globally.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Midwater squid</span> Species of squid

Abralia veranyi is a species of squid in the family Enoploteuthidae. Common names include the eye-flash squid, Verany's enope squid and the midwater squid. It is found in the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. It undergoes a daily vertical migration from deep waters to near the surface.

Sthenoteuthis pteropus, also known as the orangeback flying squid or orangeback squid, is a species of cephalopod in the family Ommastrephidae. It is native to tropical parts of the Atlantic Ocean where it is found to depths of about 200 m (656 ft).

<i>Histioteuthis heteropsis</i> Species of squid

Histioteuthis heteropsis, also known as the strawberry squid, is a species of small cock-eyed squid. The scientific nomenclature of these squid stems from their set of differently sized eyes, one being small and blue and the other being large and yellow. It is thought that the large eye is used to see objects against dim light, while the smaller eye is more able to view bioluminescent light sources. The squid's vernacular name arose due to its rich red skin pigmentation and the presence of photophores along its body, making it appear like a strawberry with seeds.

<i>Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis</i> Species of squid

The purpleback flying squid or purpleback squid is a species of cephalopod in the family Ommastrephidae, occurring in the Indo-Pacific. It is considered one of the most abundant large squids.

<i>Enoploteuthis leptura</i> Species of squid

Enoploteuthis leptura, the hooked enope squid, is a species of squid from the family Enoploteuthidae. It is the type species of the genus Enoploteuthis, which is in turn the type genus of the Enoploteuthidae.

<i>Gonatopsis borealis</i> Species of squid

Gonatopsis borealis, the Boreopacific armhook squid, is a species of squid from the North Pacific Ocean. It is a member of the family Gonatidae. It is an abundant species which is currently caught mainly as a bycatch by fishing boats targeting other quarry. It is an important prey species for many commercially important species of fish, as well as for marine mammals.

Lampadioteuthis megaleia is a small, colorful squid, the only species in the only genus in the monotypic family Lampadioteuthidae. It is sometimes known as the wonderful firefly squid. It was formerly classified in the family Lycoteuthidae, but differs from them mainly by having a hectocotylus in the males and by the possession of a rostrum on the gladius.

Ornithoteuthis is a small genus of squid, with two species, from the family Ommastrephidae, the "flying squids", the two species in this genus are known as "bird squids". They are relatively small squid, with mantle lengths of around 100–200 mm, highly agile and rather uncommon. Their characteristics that distinguish then from other members of the subfamily Ommastrephinae are that their mantle and fins are drawn out into a narrow tail and that they have a luminous stripe along their midline on the viscera. One species, Ornithoteuthis antillarum, is found in the warmer waters of the Atlantic Ocean and the other, Ornithoteuthis volatilis, in similar areas of the Indo-Pacific oceans, they are closely related and are thought to have been a result of relatively recent speciation.

<i>Ornithoteuthis antillarum</i> Species of squid

Ornithoteuthis antillarum, the Atlantic bird squid, is a species of flying squid from the family Ommastrephidae which is found in the warmer waters of the Atlantic Ocean. This species is an important component of the diet of many species of fish and of cetaceans. It is taken as a bycatch in fisheries but has the potential to be commercially important if appropriate fishing methods can be developed.

Ornithoteuthis volatilis, the shiny bird squid, is a squid from the subfamily Ommastrephinae, the flying squids, of the family Ommastrephidae part of the pelagic squid order Oegopsida. It is a tropical and sub-tropical species which is widely distributed in the Indo-Pacific oceans. It is slightly larger than the closely related species Ornithoteuthis antillarum of the Atlantic Ocean.

The Angolan flying squid is a species of squid from the subfamily Todarodinae, part of the familyOmmastrephidae. Due to taxonomic confusion with the Antarctic flying squid the exact limits of its distribution are uncertain but it is thought to be restricted to waters off Southern Africa.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Antarctic flying squid</span> Species of squid

The Antarctic flying squid is a species of squid from the subfamily Todarodinae of the family Ommastrephidae, a family of pelagic squid from the order Oegopsida. It has a circumglobal distribution in the seas around the lower latitudes of the Southern Oceans.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">European flying squid</span> Species of squid

The European flying squid is a species of squid from the continental slope and oceanic waters of the eastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. It is the type species of the genus Todarodes, the type genus of the subfamily Todarodinae of the pelagic squid family Ommastrephidae. It is a species which is targeted by some fisheries, although it is more often a bycatch.

<i>Uroteuthis noctiluca</i> Species of cephalopods known as the luminous bay squid

Uroteuthis noctiluca, commonly known as the luminous bay squid, is a species of squid native to shallow water on the eastern coast of Australia. It uses a pair of luminous organs to camouflage itself from predators at night.

References

  1. ↑ "Statoliths of Cenozoic teuthoid cephalopods from North America | The Palaeontological Association". www.palass.org. Retrieved 2023-10-09.
  2. ↑ Barratt, I.; Allcock, L. (2014). "Eucleoteuthis luminosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2014: e.T162926A954040. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T162926A954040.en . Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  3. ↑ Julian Finn (2016). "Eucleoteuthis luminosa Sasaki, 1915". World Register of Marine Species . Flanders Marine Institute . Retrieved 9 March 2018.
  4. 1 2 3 4 P. Jereb; C.F.E. Roper, eds. (2010). Cephalopods of the World an Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Cephalopod Species Known to Date Volume 2 Myopsid and Oegopsid Squids (PDF). Food and Agriculture Organization Rome. p. 305. ISBN   978-92-5-106720-8.
  5. ↑ "Luminous Flying Squid – Eucleoteuthis luminosa Sasaki, 1915". Australian Museum. Retrieved 10 March 2010.
  6. ↑ Young, Richard E. & Michael Vecchione (2009). "Eucleoteuthis Berry 1916. Eucleoteuthis luminosa (Sasaki 1915). Version 29 November 2009 (under construction)". The Tree of Life Web Project.
  7. 1 2 D. Boltovskoy (ed.). "Eucleoteuthis luminosa Marine Species Identification Portal". Zooplankton of the South Atlantic Ocean. ETI Bioinformatics. Retrieved 10 March 2018.
  8. ↑ Herring, Peter J. (1987). "Systematic distribution of bioluminescence in living organisms". Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence. 1 (3): 147–163. doi:10.1002/bio.1170010303. PMID   3503524.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.