"Sunshine of Your Love" | ||||
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Single by Cream | ||||
from the album Disraeli Gears | ||||
B-side | "SWLABR" | |||
Released |
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Recorded | April–May 1967 | |||
Studio | Atlantic, New York City | |||
Genre | ||||
Length |
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Label | ||||
Composer(s) | ||||
Lyricist(s) | Pete Brown | |||
Producer(s) | Felix Pappalardi | |||
Cream USsingles chronology | ||||
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Cream UKsingles chronology | ||||
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"Sunshine of Your Love" is a 1967 song by the British rock band Cream. With elements of hard rock and psychedelia, it is one of Cream's best known and most popular songs. Cream bassist and vocalist Jack Bruce based it on a distinctive bass riff he developed after attending a Jimi Hendrix concert. Guitarist Eric Clapton and lyricist Pete Brown later contributed to the song and drummer Ginger Baker plays a distinctive tom-tom drum rhythm.
The song was included on Cream's best-selling second album Disraeli Gears in November 1967. Atco Records, the group's American label, was initially unsure of the song's potential. After recommendations by other label-affiliated artists, it released an edited single version in December 1967. [a] The song became Cream's first and highest charting American single and one of the most popular singles of 1968. In September 1968, it became a modest chart hit after being released in the UK.
Cream performed "Sunshine of Your Love" regularly in concert and several live recordings have been issued, including on the Royal Albert Hall London May 2-3-5-6, 2005 reunion album and video. Hendrix performed faster instrumental versions of the song, which he often dedicated to Cream. Several rock journals have placed the song on their greatest song lists, such as Rolling Stone , Q magazine, and VH1. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame included it on its list of the "500 Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll".
In early 1967, Cream were writing and rehearsing songs for a second album. Their December 1966 debut album, Fresh Cream , was a mix of updated blues numbers and pop-oriented rock songs. [5] Inspired by recent developments in rock music, the group began pursuing a more overtly psychedelic direction. [6] [7] "Sunshine of Your Love" began as a bass phrase or riff developed by Cream bassist Jack Bruce. Cream attended a concert on 29 January 1967 by the Jimi Hendrix Experience at the Saville Theatre in London. [8] Cream guitarist Eric Clapton elaborated in a 1988 Rolling Stone magazine interview:
He [Hendrix] played this gig that was blinding. I don't think Jack [Bruce] had really taken him in before ... and when he did see it that night, after the gig he went home and came up with the riff. It was strictly a dedication to Jimi. And then we wrote a song on top of it. [8]
Music writers Covach and Boone describe the riff as blues-derived, using a minor blues pentatonic scale with an added flattened fifth note (or common blues scale). [9] The song follows a blues chord progression (I–IV–I) during the first eight bars. [9] Brown had a difficult time writing lyrics that fit the riff. [10] After an all-night session, Bruce played it on a standup bass while lyricist Pete Brown was staring out the window. [10] Slowly, he started to write "It's getting near dawn and lights close their tired eyes", which is used in the first verse. [11] Later, to break up the rhythm, Clapton wrote a refrain which also yielded the song's title. [11] [9] It consists of eight-bar sections using three chords, when the key shifts to the V chord (I = V): [12]
I | ♭III–♭VII | I | ♭III–♭VII | I | ♭III–♭VII | I | I |
A bootleg recording from the Ricky-Tick club in London before Cream recorded the song in the studio, shows "Sunshine of Your Love" with a beat common to rock for the period. [11] Cream drummer Ginger Baker compared it to the uptempo "Hey Now, Princess", another Bruce-Brown composition Cream recorded in March. [13] He said that he advised Bruce to slow it down and came up with the distinctive drum pattern which emphasises beats one and three [13] [10] (typical rock drumming favours beats two and four and is known as the backbeat). [14] However, Bruce and recording engineer Tom Dowd dispute Baker's claim, which they say he only made much later. [13] [11] Dowd later explained
Where all the other songs that they [Cream] played were prepared, [but] this one song, they never found a pocket, they were never comfortable ... I said, 'You know, have you ever seen any American Westerns [films that have] the Indian beat, where the downbeat is the beat?' ... And when he [Ginger] started playing it that way, all of the parts came together and right away they were elated. [13]
Cream performed their first American concerts in New York City in 1967. Robert Stigwood, the group's manager, booked them for a Murray the K package show at the RKO Manhattan Theatre from 25 March to 2 April 1967. [15] When it was finished, Stigwood arranged for a recording session with Ahmet Ertegun at Atlantic Studios. [13] Bruce and Brown had a number of new songs [16] in various stages of development and entered the studio on 3 April. [13] Initially, Ertegun assigned Dowd to work with the trio. [17] Dowd had worked with many of the biggest jazz and rhythm and blues musicians in the 1950s and 1960s. [17] However, Cream was his first exposure to extreme volume levels. [18] The group arrived at Atlantic with their concert setup of multiple Marshall amplifiers (each 100 watts). [18] [c] Dowd was surprised by the amount of equipment accompanying the trio: "They recorded at ear-shattering level ... Everyone I'd worked with before was using Fender Deluxes [about 20 watts] or Twins [about 80 watts]—six- and seven-piece bands that didn't play as loud as this three piece did." [18]
Ertegun brought in producer Felix Pappalardi, who he believed could work as a go-between with the group and Dowd. [18] They began with "Strange Brew", "Tales of Brave Ulysses", and "Sunshine of Your Love". [20] Ertegun previewed the demos and was unhappy, expecting blues-based material like that to be found on Fresh Cream. [21] Jerry Wexler, Ertegun's Atlantic Records partner, reportedly went as far as to call it "psychedelic hogwash". [16] However, Booker T. Jones (producer and keyboardist of Booker T. & the M.G.'s) and Otis Redding (both whose Stax recordings at the time were distributed by Atco parent Atlantic) gave "Sunshine of Your Love" their wholehearted approval. [21] Differences were smoothed over by the time Cream returned in May 1967 to finish recording the songs for Disraeli Gears. [16] [d]
With Pappalardi and Dowd, work continued on "Sunshine of Your Love". For his guitar solo, Clapton used a sound known as the "woman tone", [19] which is described as "smooth, dark, singing, sustaining", by author Mitch Gallagher. [23] The actual guitar that Clapton used has been identified as a 1964 Gibson SG, known as "the Fool". [19] [24] [e] It is one of the best-known examples of the woman tone and quotes the melody from the perennial pop standard "Blue Moon". [23] [26] By using the song's major pentatonic scale, Clapton provides a contrast with the riff's blues scale. [27] A writer for the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame describes this as "creating a balance between the sun and the moon". [28]
Baker plays much of the song on the tom-toms, [29] described as sounding African (Schumacher) [10] and Native American (Shapiro). [11] Covach and Boone note he "concentrates on the lower tom sounds and uses an articulation and sound reminiscent of the jazz drumming in the Woody Herman or Benny Goodman bands". [12]
"Sunshine of Your Love" was included as the second track on Disraeli Gears, which was released in November 1967 by Reaction Records in the UK and Atco Records in the US. [30] At first, Atco did not see the song as a single ("Strange Brew", backed with "Tales of Brave Ulysses" had been released as a single in June 1967). [30] However, in December 1967, the label issued an edited version of the song as the second single from the album, backed with "SWLABR" [a] (the running time was trimmed from 4:08 to 3:03). [31] It entered Billboard magazine's Hot 100 chart on 13 January 1968, reaching number 36 during its initial 14-week run. [32] The record re-entered the chart on 6 July 1968 and reached number five on 31 August 1968. [32] In the UK, the single was not released until September 1968, [30] after Cream had announced their impending breakup. Polydor Records issued the UK single, which reached number 25 in the charts. [33] [b]
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The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) certified the single gold on 26 September 1968, signifying sales in excess of 1,000,000 copies. [41] In the US, it became one of the best selling singles of 1968 and one of the best-selling at the time for the Atlantic group of labels. [42] As one of Cream's most popular songs, several of the group's compilation albums include the full-length studio recording, such as Best of Cream , Heavy Cream , The Very Best of Cream , and the boxed set Those Were the Days . [37] In the United Kingdom, the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) certified the song gold in September 2022, denoting sales and streaming figures exceeding 400,000 units. [43]
In 2004, the song ranked number 65 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the "500 Greatest Songs of All Time". [44] In March 2005, Q magazine placed "Sunshine of Your Love" at number 19 on its list of the "100 Greatest Guitar Tracks Ever!" [45] In 2009, VH1 included it at number 44 on its list of the "Top 100 Hard Rock Songs". [3] The song is on the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's list of the "500 Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll". [46]
Ertegun later admitted that, while his tastes ran more to Robert Johnson (Clapton had recorded Johnson's "Ramblin' on My Mind" with John Mayall, "Crossroads" with the Powerhouse, and "Four Until Late" with Cream), Cream's and Pappalardi's vision resulted in songs which had a much larger impact on the rock audiences of the time. [13] Covach and Boone identified "Sunshine of Your Love" as foreshadowing future trends in rock:
'Sunshine of Your Love', Cream's best-known song, is a culmination of the British adaptation of blues into rock and also the direct precursor of Led Zeppelin and heavy metal, where this type of blues-based motivic riff and harmonic motions like A–C–G or E–G–A (as in "Whole Lotta Love") serve as the basis for a seemingly endless number of songs. [47]
Several live recordings of "Sunshine of Your Love" have been issued on Cream albums. [37] These include a 24 October 1967 recording by the BBC ( BBC Sessions ), 9 March 1968 at the Winterland Ballroom ( Live Cream Volume II ), and 26 November 1968 at the Royal Albert Hall ( Cream's Farewell Concert ). [37] A recording from Cream's reunion show on 3 May 2005 is included on Royal Albert Hall London May 2-3-5-6, 2005. [37] During their post-Cream careers, Clapton and Bruce recorded several live performances of the song. [37]
A variety of musicians have recorded "Sunshine of Your Love". [37] After Cream announced their breakup, Hendrix often performed it in concert as a tribute to the group, apparently unaware that they had dedicated the song to him. [48] He played it as an instrumental and sometimes as part of a medley. [49] A performance by the Experience on 4 January 1969 is one of the best-known. [50] During the live broadcast of A Happening for Lulu, a music variety show hosted by pop singer Lulu on BBC Television, the Experience suddenly broke with the programme. [50] Hendrix announced, "We'd like to stop playing this rubbish ["Hey Joe"] and dedicate a song to the Cream, regardless of what kind of group they may be in – dedicate this to Eric Clapton, Ginger Baker, and Jack Bruce". [51] As their performance of "Sunshine of Your Love" ran into the time allotted for Lulu's closing number, the show's producer and staff were frantically signalling for the Experience to stop. However, they continued playing and the show ended on a fade. [50] Hendrix later apologised to Lulu, who thought the performance made for a great television moment. [52]
Goodfellas - 1990
Footnotes
Citations
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Cream were a British rock supergroup formed in London in 1966. The group consisted of bassist Jack Bruce, guitarist Eric Clapton and drummer Ginger Baker. Bruce was the primary songwriter and vocalist, although Clapton and Baker contributed to songs. Formed by members of previously successful bands, they are widely considered the first supergroup. Cream were highly regarded for the instrumental proficiency of each of their members.
"Purple Haze" is a song written by Jimi Hendrix and released as the second single by the Jimi Hendrix Experience on March 17, 1967, in the United Kingdom. The song features his inventive guitar playing, which uses the signature Hendrix chord and a mix of blues and Eastern modalities, shaped by novel sound processing techniques. Because of ambiguities in the lyrics, listeners often interpret the song as referring to a psychedelic experience, although Hendrix described it as a love song. It was included as the opening track in the North American edition of the Experience's debut album, Are You Experienced (1967).
Layla and Other Assorted Love Songs is the only studio album by the English–American rock band Derek and the Dominos, released on 9 November 1970 as a double album by Polydor Records and Atco Records. It is best known for its title track, "Layla", which is often regarded as Eric Clapton's greatest musical achievement. The other band members were Bobby Whitlock, Jim Gordon, and Carl Radle (bass). Duane Allman played lead and slide guitar on 11 of the 14 songs.
Wheels of Fire is the third studio album by the British rock band Cream. It was released in the US on 14 June 1968 as a two-disc vinyl LP, with one disc recorded in the studio and the other recorded live. It was released in the UK in the same format on August 9.
Disraeli Gears is the second studio album by the British rock band Cream. It was produced by Felix Pappalardi and released on Reaction Records. The album features the singles "Strange Brew" and "Sunshine of Your Love".
"Little Wing" is a song written by Jimi Hendrix and recorded by the Jimi Hendrix Experience in 1967. It is a slower tempo, rhythm and blues-inspired ballad featuring Hendrix's vocal and guitar with recording studio effects accompanied by bass, drums, and glockenspiel. Lyrically, it is one of several of his songs that reference an idealized feminine or guardian angel-like figure. At about two and a half minutes in length, it is one of his most concise and melodically focused pieces.
"Foxy Lady" is a song by The Jimi Hendrix Experience. It first appeared on their 1967 debut album Are You Experienced and was later issued as their third single in the U.S. with the alternate spelling. It is one of Hendrix's best-known songs and was frequently performed in concerts throughout his career. Rolling Stone magazine placed the song at number 153 on its list of the "500 Greatest Songs of All Time".
"Red House" is a song written by Jimi Hendrix and one of the first songs recorded in 1966 by the Jimi Hendrix Experience. It has the musical form of a conventional twelve-bar blues and features Hendrix's guitar playing. He developed the song prior to forming the Experience and was inspired by earlier blues songs.
"Cross Road Blues" is a song written by the American blues artist Robert Johnson. He performed it solo with his vocal and acoustic slide guitar in the Delta blues style. The song has become part of the Robert Johnson mythology as referring to the place where he sold his soul to the Devil in exchange for musical genius. This is based largely on folklore of the American South that identifies a crossroads as the site where Faustian bargains can be made, as the lyrics do not contain any references to Satan.
"Stone Free" is a song written by Jimi Hendrix and the second song recorded by the Jimi Hendrix Experience. It has been described as a "counterculture anthem, with its lyrics praising the footloose and fancy-free life", which reflected Hendrix's restless lifestyle. Instrumentally, the song has a strong rhythmic drive provided by drummer Mitch Mitchell with harmonic support by bassist Noel Redding. "Stone Free" was issued on December 16, 1966, as the B-side of the Experience's first UK single "Hey Joe" and later included on the Smash Hits compilation album.
Bleeding Heart is one of several names given to albums of a 1968 jam session with Jimi Hendrix, Jim Morrison, and others. The albums were fashioned from an informal two-track tape recording made by Hendrix which was subsequently stolen from his apartment. The jam took place at the Scene, a nightclub in New York City, and various dates and participants have been suggested. Although it presents a unique setting, critics and biographers have generally found fault with the sound quality and Morrison's performance.
"Bold as Love" is the title track of Axis: Bold as Love, the second album by the Jimi Hendrix Experience. The song, which closes the album, was written by Jimi Hendrix and produced by band manager Chas Chandler.
"Are You Experienced?" is the title track from the Jimi Hendrix Experience's 1967 debut album. It has been described as one of Jimi Hendrix's most original compositions on the album by music writer and biographer Keith Shadwick. The song is largely based on one chord and has a drone-like quality reminiscent of Indian classical music. It features recorded guitar and drum parts that are played backwards and a repeating piano octave. Live recordings from 1968 are included on The Jimi Hendrix Concerts album and Winterland box set.
"The Stars That Play with Laughing Sam's Dice", also known as "STP with LSD", is a song by rock band the Jimi Hendrix Experience. It was released in 1967 as the B-side to their fourth single "Burning of the Midnight Lamp". Written by vocalist and guitarist Jimi Hendrix, the song was later included on the UK edition of the compilation album Smash Hits (1968) and the posthumous Loose Ends (1974) and South Saturn Delta (1997) compilations.
"Highway Chile" is a song by the Jimi Hendrix Experience, issued as the B-side to their 1967 third British single "The Wind Cries Mary". The song was written by vocalist and guitarist Jimi Hendrix and titled to reflect his pronunciation of "child" without the "d".
The Cry of Love Tour was a 1970 concert tour by American rock guitarist and singer Jimi Hendrix. It began on April 25, 1970, at the Forum in Inglewood, California, and ended on September 6, 1970, at the Love & Peace Festival in Fehmarn, West Germany. The majority of the 37 shows were in the United States, with two each in Sweden, Denmark, and West Germany, and one in England, where Hendrix was the final act at the Isle of Wight Festival 1970.
Jimi Hendrix (1942–1970) was an American guitarist whose career spanned the years between 1962 and 1970. His posthumous discography includes recordings released after September 18, 1970. Hendrix left behind many recordings in varying stages of completion. This material, along with reissues of his career catalogue, has been released over the years in several formats by various producers and record companies. Since Experience Hendrix, a company owned and operated by members of the Hendrix family, took control of his recording legacy in 1995, over 15 Hendrix albums have appeared on the main US albums chart. Several of these have also placed on charts in more than 18 countries around the world.
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The Fool is a 1964 Gibson SG guitar, painted for Eric Clapton by the Dutch design collective The Fool, from which the guitar takes its name. One of the world's best-known guitars, it epitomizes the psychedelic era. Clapton used the guitar extensively while playing with Cream and it was an essential element of his famed "woman tone". From the 1970s to early 1980s, the guitar was owned by Todd Rundgren, who was often seen playing the instrument in his live performances. He nicknamed the guitar "Sunny", after the Cream song "Sunshine of Your Love".