Chiang Ching-kuo was a politician of the Republic of China. The eldest and only biological son of Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek,he held numerous posts in the government of the Republic of China and ended martial law in 1987. He served as the 3rd premier of the Republic of China between 1972 and 1978 and was president of the Republic of China from 1978 until his death in 1988.
The history of the Republic of China began in 1912 with the end of the Qing dynasty,when the Xinhai Revolution and the formation of the Republic of China put an end to 2,000 years of imperial rule. The Republic experienced many trials and tribulations after its founding which included being dominated by elements as disparate as warlord generals and foreign powers.
Peng Ming-min was a notable Taiwanese democracy activist,advocate of Taiwan independence,and politician. Arrested for sedition in 1964 for printing a manifesto advocating democracy in his native Taiwan,he escaped to Sweden,before taking a post as a university teacher in the United States. After 22 years in exile he returned to become the Democratic Progressive Party's first presidential candidate in Taiwan's first direct presidential election in 1996.
As a result of the surrender and occupation of Japan at the end of World War II,the islands of Taiwan and Penghu were placed under the governance of the Republic of China (ROC),ruled by the Kuomintang (KMT),on 25 October 1945. Following the February 28 massacre in 1947,martial law was declared in 1949 by the Governor of Taiwan,Chen Cheng,and the ROC Ministry of National Defense. Following the end of the Chinese Civil War in 1949,the ROC government retreated from the mainland as the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) proclaimed the establishment of the People's Republic of China. The KMT retreated to Taiwan and declared Taipei the temporary capital of the ROC. For many years,the ROC and PRC each continued to claim in the diplomatic arena to be the sole legitimate government of "China". In 1971,the United Nations expelled the ROC and replaced it with the PRC.
Hsu Hsin-liang is a Taiwanese politician,formerly Chairman of the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP). He was a supporter of the Pan-Blue Coalition from 2000 to 2008 but then supported the DPP in the 2008 presidential election.
The Taiwanese Communist Party was a revolutionary organization active in Japanese-ruled Taiwan. Like the contemporary Taiwanese People's Party,its existence was short,only three years,but its politics and activities were influential in shaping Taiwan's anti-colonial enterprise.
The National Security Bureau is the principal intelligence agency of Taiwan.
Censorship in Taiwan was greatly relaxed when the state moved away from authoritarianism in 1987. Since then,the media has generally been allowed to broadcast political opposition. Today,the focus of censorship is slander and libel,cross-Strait relations,and national security.
Chiang Wei-shui was a Taiwanese physician and activist. He was a founding member of the Taiwanese Cultural Association and the Taiwanese People's Party. He is seen as one of the most important figures in Taiwan's resistance movement against Japanese rule.
The Taiwanese Cultural Association was an important organization during the Japanese rule of Taiwan. It was founded by Chiang Wei-shui on 17 October 1921,in Daitōtei,a district in modern-day Taipei,gathering Taiwanese intellectuals and aiming for the delivery of progressive ideas and values. It also functions as a political group advocating for Taiwanese collective consciousness and thought. The first foundation day was held on October 17,1921,when Lin Hsien-tang (林獻堂) was elected as president,Yang Chi-chen (楊吉臣) as assistant vice president,and Chiang Wei-shui (蔣渭水) as director.
The Nationalist government,officially the National Government of the Republic of China,refers to the government of the Republic of China from 1 July 1925 to 20 May 1948,led by the nationalist Kuomintang (KMT) party.
Anarchism in China was a strong intellectual force in the reform and revolutionary movements in the early 20th century. In the years before and just after the overthrow of the Qing dynasty Chinese anarchists insisted that a true revolution could not be political,replacing one government with another,but had to overthrow traditional culture and create new social practices,especially in the family. "Anarchism" was translated into Chinese as 無政府主義literally,"the doctrine of no government."
Peng Pai was a pioneer of the Chinese agrarian movement and a leading revolutionary in the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) during its early years. He was born in Haifeng,Guangdong Province,China. Peng Pai was one of the few Chinese intellectuals who were aware in the early 1920s that peasantry and land issues caused the most critical problems for Chinese society. He believed that the success of any revolution in China must depend on the peasants as its base foundation. After his death,Peng was praised by Mao Zedong as "the king of peasant movement".
Taiwan nativist literature. Xiangtu (鄉土),literally meaning the hometown soil,symbolizes nativism;and Wenxue (文學) is literature. It is a genre of Taiwanese literature derived from the New Literature Movement (台灣新文學運動) under the Japanese rule in the 1920s. The movement died down after 1937 when the Japanese government strengthened its colonial policy,but regained public attention in the 1970s. Taiwan nativist literature uses literary realism as its main narrative to depict people,events and subjects that happen in Taiwan,aiming at reflecting the particularity of the local society. The nativist novels usually depict the struggles for existence and predicaments of identity of the Taiwanese people with a humanistic tone. They tend to base on the life experiences of their authors,and reflect their worldviews.
The Chinese Communist Revolution was a social and political revolution that culminated in the establishment of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949. For the preceding century,China had faced escalating social,economic,and political problems as a result of Western imperialism,Japanese imperialism,and the decline of the Qing dynasty. Cyclical famines and an oppressive landlord system kept the large mass of rural peasantry poor and politically disenfranchised. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) was formed in 1921 by young urban intellectuals inspired by European socialist ideas and the success of the October Revolution in Russia. The CCP originally allied itself with the nationalist Kuomintang (KMT) party against the warlords and foreign imperialist forces,but the 1927 massacre of Communists in Shanghai ordered by Kuomintang leader Chiang Kai-shek forced them into the Chinese Civil War,which would last more than two decades.
Xie Xuehong,born Xie Anü (謝阿女),was a Taiwanese revolutionary and politician. A women's rights activist,she cofounded the Taiwanese Communist Party,active in Japanese Taiwan. Persecuted by the Kuomintang after its forces retreated to Taiwan,she escaped to China,where she became a member of the Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League and the Chinese Communist Party.
Lin Hsien-tang was a Taiwanese politician and activist who founded several political organizations and sat on the Japanese House of Peers.
Chen Tian (1900–1986),also known as Chen Jingwen,was a Taiwanese Gējìor Yidan(艺旦) and supporter of social movements in the Taiwanese resistance to Japanese rule. She was Chiang Wei-shui's concubine.
The Taiwan People's Party (TPP) is a centre-left political party in the Republic of China (Taiwan). It was formally established on 6 August 2019 by Ko Wen-je,who serves as its first and current chairman. The party considers itself as an alternative third party to both the Democratic Progressive Party and Kuomintang. Independent observers have noticed a recent shift in political stance closer to Pan-Blue than the initially more Pan-Green outlook.
