Telbivudine

Last updated
Telbivudine
Telbivudine structure.svg
Clinical data
Trade names Tyzeka, Sebivo
Other names1-(2-deoxy-β-L-ribofuranosyl)-5-methyluracil
β-L-2-deoxythymidine
β-L-thymidine (LdT)
1-[(2S,4R,5S)-4-hydroxy-5-hydroxymethyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione
AHFS/Drugs.com Monograph
MedlinePlus a607045
License data
Pregnancy
category
  • AU:B1
Routes of
administration 		By mouth
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
  • AU: S4 (Prescription only)
  • UK: POM (Prescription only)
  • US: ℞-only
  • EU:Rx-only
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein binding Low (3.3% in vitro )
Metabolism Nil
Elimination half-life 40 to 49 hours (terminal phase)
Excretion Kidney
Identifiers
  • 1-(2-deoxy-β-L-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-5-methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione
CAS Number
PubChem CID
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard 100.125.511 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
Chemical and physical data
Formula C10H14N2O5
Molar mass 242.231 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • Cc1cn([C@@H]2C[C@@H](O)[C@H](CO)O2)c(=O)[nH]c1=O
  • InChI=1S/C10H14N2O5/c1-5-3-12(10(16)11-9(5)15)8-2-6(14)7(4-13)17-8/h3,6-8,13-14H,2,4H2,1H3,(H,11,15,16)/t6-,7+,8+/m1/s1 Yes check.svgY
  • Key:IQFYYKKMVGJFEH-CSMHCCOUSA-N Yes check.svgY
 X mark.svgNYes check.svgY  (what is this?)    (verify)

Telbivudine is an antiviral drug used in the treatment of hepatitis B infection. It is marketed by Swiss pharmaceutical company Novartis under the trade names Sebivo (European Union) and Tyzeka (United States). Clinical trials have shown it to be significantly more effective than lamivudine or adefovir, and less likely to cause resistance. [1] [2] [3] However, HBV signature resistance mutation M204I (a change from methionine to isoleucine at position 204 in the reverse transcriptase domain of the hepatitis B polymerase) or L180M+M204V have been associated with Telbivudine resistance. [4]

Telbivudine is a synthetic thymidine β-L-nucleoside analogue; it is the L-isomer of thymidine. Telbivudine impairs hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA replication by leading to chain termination. It differs from the natural nucleotide only with respect to the location of the sugar and base moieties, taking on an levorotatory configuration versus a dextrorotatory configuration as do the natural deoxynucleosides. [4] It is taken orally in a dose of 600 mg once daily with or without food. [5]

Telbivudine has no in vitro activity against HIV-1, [6] and in a case-series of three HIV-HBV co-infected patients, telbivudine did not produce sustained HIV-1 virologic suppression or induce any resistance mutations in HIV-1. [7]

Phase III clinical trials suggested that telbivudine put patients at greater risk for myopathy and peripheral neuropathy than the comparator drug lamivudine. [8] FDA required a required a risk evaluation and mitigation strategy (REMS) aiming to increase awareness of peripheral neuropathy by requiring distribution of a medication guide. [9]

In 2016, Novartis posted a discontinuation notice. [10] [11] Efficacy or safety concerns were not cited as rationale for discontinuation, but rather "availability of alternative medications"; presumably this refers to tenofovir disoproxil, which became available as a generic medication in 2017, and is a safe and effective treatment for chronic HBV infection.

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References

  1. ↑ Lai CL, Leung N, Teo EK, Tong M, Wong F, Hann HW, et al. (August 2005). "A 1-year trial of telbivudine, lamivudine, and the combination in patients with hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B". Gastroenterology. 129 (2): 528–536. doi: 10.1016/j.gastro.2005.05.053 . PMID   16083710.
  2. ↑ Lai CL, Gane E, Liaw YF, Hsu CW, Thongsawat S, Wang Y, et al. (December 2007). "Telbivudine versus lamivudine in patients with chronic hepatitis B". The New England Journal of Medicine. 357 (25): 2576–2588. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa066422. hdl: 10722/57525 . PMID   18094378.
  3. ↑ Chan HL, Heathcote EJ, Marcellin P, Lai CL, Cho M, Moon YM, et al. (December 2007). "Treatment of hepatitis B e antigen positive chronic hepatitis with telbivudine or adefovir: a randomized trial". Annals of Internal Medicine. 147 (11): 745–754. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-147-11-200712040-00183. PMID   17909201.
  4. 1 2 Osborn MK (2009). "Safety and efficacy of telbivudine for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B". Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management. 5: 789–798. doi: 10.2147/tcrm.s5318 . PMC   2762437 . PMID   19851526.
  5. ↑ Drugs.com. "Tyzeka: Package Insert / Prescribing Information". Drugs.com. Retrieved 2023-06-01.
  6. ↑ Lin K, Karwowska S, Lam E, Limoli K, Evans TG, Avila C (June 2010). "Telbivudine exhibits no inhibitory activity against HIV-1 clinical isolates in vitro". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 54 (6): 2670–2673. doi:10.1128/AAC.01703-09. PMC   2876362 . PMID   20308377.
  7. ↑ Milazzo L, Caramma I, Lai A, Violin M, De Maddalena C, Cesari M, et al. (2009). "Telbivudine in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B: experience in HIV type-1-infected patients naive for antiretroviral therapy". Antiviral Therapy. 14 (6): 869–872. doi: 10.3851/IMP1303 . PMID   19812451. S2CID   26840376.
  8. ↑ Drugs.com. "Tyzeka: Package Insert / Prescribing Information". Drugs.com. Retrieved 2023-06-01.
  9. ↑ FDA. "Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy" (PDF). Retrieved 2023-06-01.
  10. ↑ "HBV drug Tyzeka discontinued". www.healio.com. Retrieved 2021-01-11.
  11. ↑ "FDA: Hepatitis B Drug Discontinued". MPR. 2016-10-05. Retrieved 2021-01-11.
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