Timeline of Essen

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Essen , Germany.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by editing the page to add missing items, with references to reliable sources.

Prior to 19th century

• 845 – Essen Abbey founded (approximate date).
• 971 – Mathilde, granddaughter of Otto I becomes abbess of Essen Abbey.
• 1012 – Sophia, daughter of Otto II becomes abbottess of the Essen Stift.
• 1041 – Essen receives rights to a market.
• 1244 – The association of the ministeriales of the Essen Abbey and the citizens of the town of Essen arrange for the Essen town walls  [ de ] to be erected.
• 1316 – Essen Minster (church) dedicated.
• 1390 – Essener Schützenverein (militia) formed. ^[1]
• 1598 – Borbeck Castle rebuilt.^{[ citation needed ]}
• 1736 – Neueste Essendische Nachrichten von Staats- und Gelehrten Sachen (Newest Essen News of State and Learned Matters) newspaper begins publication.
• 1797 – G. D. Baedeker Verlag  [ de ] bookseller in business. ^[2]

19th century

• 1802 – Area occupied by Prussian troops.
• 1803
  • Essen Abbey secularized. ^[3]
  • Franz Dinnendahl builds steam engine.
• 1810 – Krupp foundry in business.
• 1814 – Town becomes part of Prussia. ^[3]
• 1822 – Town becomes part of the Rhine Province.
• 1841 – Simon Hirschland Bank in business.
• 1847 – Essen-Bergeborbeck station opens.
• 1849 – Population: 8,813. ^[3]
• 1851 – Zollverein Coal Mine begins operating.
• 1862 – Essen Hauptbahnhof and Essen-Borbeck station open.
• 1866 – Fredebeul & Koenen booksellers in business. ^[2]
• 1870 – Synagogue consecrated. ^[4]
• 1871 – Town becomes part of the German Empire.
• 1872 – Neu-Westend developed. ^[5]
• 1873 – Villa Hügel (Krupp residence) built.
• 1875 – Population: 54,790. ^[3]
• 1880 – Historical Society for the City and Convent of Essen founded.
• 1881
  • Essener Turnerbund athletic club formed.
  • Beiträge zur Geschichte von Stadt und Stift Essen (journal of city history) begins publication. ^[6]
• 1886 – Photographische Genossenschaft von Essen (photography group) founded. ^[7]

City centre with factories in the background in the 1890s

• 1892 – City Theatre opens. ^{[8] [9]}
• 1893
  • Electric tram begins operating.
  • Rhenish-Westphalian Coal Syndicate headquartered in Essen.
• 1898 – Krupp's Essener Hof (hotel) built.
• 1899 – Essen Philharmonic Orchestra founded. ^[10]

20th century

1900s–1940s

• 1901
  • Folkwang Museum founded.
  • Heinrich Koppers AG in business.
• 1905 – Population: 229,270. ^[3]
• 1906
  • Essen Art Museum founded.
  • Gartenstadt Margarethenhöhe developed.
• 1908 – Moltkeviertel development begins.
• 1913
  • New Synagogue built. ^[4]
  • Albrecht's shop in business (later Aldi chain supermarket).
• 1920 – Consulate of Poland opens. ^[11]
• 1922 – Uhlenkrugstadion (stadium) built.

French troops enter Essen, 1923

• 1923
  • Rot-Weiss Essen football club active.
  • French troops enter the city.
• 1924 – Filmstudio Glückauf (cinema) opens.
• 1925 – Essen/Mülheim Airport opens.^{[ citation needed ]}
• 1927 – Grugapark Botanical Garden ^{[12] [13]} and Folkwang School for the arts open.
• 1928 – Lichtburg Playhouse (cinema) opens. ^[14]
• 1929 – Werden becomes part of city.
• 1932 – Zollverein Mine Shaft 12 built.
• 1933 – Theodor Reismann-Grone becomes mayor.
• 1936 – Consulate of Poland relocated to Düsseldorf. ^[11]
• 1937 – Just Dillgardt becomes mayor.
• 1939 – Stadion an der Hafenstraße (stadium) built.
• 1942 – March: Bombing of Essen by Allied forces begins.
• 1944
  • 2 January: Schwarze Poth forced labour camp established by the SS. Its prisoners were mostly Russians and Poles. ^[15]
  • 17 May: Schwarze Poth forced labour camp converted into a subcamp of the Buchenwald concentration camp. ^[15]
  • August: Humboldtstraße subcamp of the Buchenwald concentration camp established. Its prisoners were mostly Jewish women. ^[16]
• 1945
  • March: Schwarze Poth and Humboldtstraße subcamps of Buchenwald dissolved. Prisoners deported to the main Buchenwald camp. ^{[15] [16]}
  • March: Bombing of Essen by Allied forces ends.
• 1946 – City becomes part of North Rhine-Westphalia.
• 1948
  • Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung (newspaper) begins publication.
  • Labour strike.^{[ citation needed ]}
• 1949
  • Essen I, Essen II, and Essen III parliamentary districts created.
  • Hans Toussaint becomes mayor.

1950s–1990s

• 1951 – Amerikahaus built.
• 1957 – Roman Catholic Diocese of Essen founded. ^[17]
• 1958 – Grugahalle sports arena opens.
• 1961 – Sammlung Industrieform (museum) opens. ^[18]
• 1962 – City hosts the 1962 European Judo Championships.
• 1965
  • City hosts Bundesgartenschau (national horticulture biennial). ^[19]
  • Little Theatre founded.
• 1968 – Essen Motor Show begins.

Essen in 1970

• 1975 – Kettwig becomes part of city.
• 1979 – Essen City Hall built.
• 1983 – Spiel, world's biggest non-electronic game trade fair begins.
• 1988 – Aalto Theatre opens. ^[20]
• 1989 – Annette Jäger becomes mayor.
• 1991 – Offener Kanal Essen television begins broadcasting.
• 1993 – City hosts the 1993 World Fencing Championships.
• 1994 – Stratmanns Theater Europahaus opens.
• 1996 – GOP Varieté Essen theatre opens.
• 1997 – Red Dot Design Museum active.
• 1999
  • ThyssenKrupp conglomerate headquartered in city.
  • Wolfgang Reiniger becomes mayor.
• 2000 – SGS Essen football club formed.

21st century

• 2001 – Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex becomes a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
• 2002 – Abu Ali group, a jihadist cell with plans to bomb Jewish sites in Germany was arrested by the authorities
• 2003 – University of Duisburg-Essen established.
• 2009 – Reinhard Paß elected mayor.
• 2010 – City designated that year's European Capital of Culture on behalf of the entire Ruhr area.
• 2012
  • Stadion Essen (stadium) opens.
  • Population: 566,862.
• 2014 – June: Storm.
• 2015 – Thomas Kufen, CDU, becomes mayor.
• 2017 - City designated that year's European Green Capital.

See also

• History of Essen
• List of mayors of Essen  [ de ]
• History of the Ruhr, includes timeline
• Urbanization in the German Empire
• Timelines of other cities in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia:^(de) Aachen, Bonn, Cologne, Dortmund, Duisburg, Düsseldorf, Münster

References

1. Hermann Tallau (2008). "Alteste (100) Schützenvereinigungen 799-1392". Ein Kaleidoskop zum Schützenwesen (in German). Duderstadt: Mecke Druck und Verlag. ISBN   978-3-936617-85-6.
2. Allgemeines Adreßbuch für den deutschen Buchhandel ... 1870 (in German). Leipzig: O.A. Schulz. 1870.
3. Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Essen"  . Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 9 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 778–779.
4. Shmuel Spector, ed. (2001). "Essen". Encyclopedia of Jewish Life Before and During the Holocaust. USA: NYU Press. p. 370. ISBN   978-0-8147-9376-3.
5. Samuel M. Lindsay (1892). "Social Work at the Krupp Foundries, Essen, A. R., Germany". Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 3: 74–106. JSTOR   1008598.
6. Historischer Verein für Stadt und Stift Essen, Beiträge zur Geschichte von Stadt und Stift Essen (in German), ISSN   0341-9088
7. Königliche Museen zu Berlin (1904). Kunsthandbuch für Deutschland (in German) (6th ed.). Georg Reimer.
8. Neuer Theater Almanach (in German). Berlin: Gunther & Sohn. 1909. hdl:2027/uva.x030515383.
9. Almanach 1919 der vereinigten Stadttheater Essens (in German), Essen: Fredebeul & Koenen, 1919
10. Colin Lawson, ed. (2003). "Orchestras Founded in the 19th Century (chronological list)". Cambridge Companion to the Orchestra. Cambridge University Press. ISBN   978-0-521-00132-8.
11. Chałupczak, Henryk (2004). "Powstanie i działalność polskich placówek konsularnych w okresie międzywojennym (ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem pogranicza polsko-niemiecko-czechosłowackiego)". In Kaczmarek, Ryszard; Masnyk, Marek (eds.). Konsulaty na pograniczu polsko-niemieckim i polsko-czechosłowackim w 1918–1939 (in Polish). Katowice: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego. p. 20.
12. "History". Grugapark Essen. Retrieved 1 December 2013.
13. "Garden Search: Germany". London: Botanic Gardens Conservation International . Retrieved 30 September 2015.
14. "Movie Theaters in Essen, Germany". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 1 December 2013.
15. "Essen (Schwarze Poth)". aussenlager-buchenwald.de (in German). Retrieved 8 August 2022.
16. "Essen (Humboldtstraße)". aussenlager-buchenwald.de (in German). Retrieved 8 August 2022.
17. "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Germany". Norway: Oslo katolske bispedømme (Oslo Catholic Diocese). Retrieved 30 September 2015.
18. Paul Betts (2004). The Authority of Everyday Objects: A Cultural History of West German Industrial Design. University of California Press. ISBN   978-0-520-94135-9.
19. "Bisherige Gartenschauen" [Previous Garden Shows] (in German). Bonn: Deutsche Bundesgartenschau-Gesellschaft. Retrieved 2 December 2013.
20. Don Rubin, ed. (2001). World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre . Vol. 1: Europe. Routledge. ISBN   9780415251570.

Bibliography

in English

• "Essen". Handbook for North Germany. London: J. Murray. 1877.
• "Essen", Bradshaw's Illustrated Hand-book to Germany and Austria, London: W.J. Adams & Sons, 1896
• "Essen", Northern Germany (15th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1910, OCLC   78390379
• "Essen"  . Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 9 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 778–779.
• Eric D. Weitz (1985). "Social Continuity and Political Radicalization: Essen in the World War I Era". Social Science History. 9 (1): 49–69. doi:10.1017/s0145553200020307. JSTOR   1170918.
• John M. Jeep, ed. (2001). "Essen". Medieval Germany: an Encyclopedia. Garland Publishing. ISBN   0-8240-7644-3.
• K. James-Chakraborty (2008). "Inventing Industrial Culture in Essen". In Gavriel David Rosenfeld; Paul B. Jaskot (eds.). Beyond Berlin: Twelve German Cities Confront the Nazi Past. USA: University of Michigan Press. pp. 116+. ISBN   978-0-472-11611-9 – via HathiTrust. (fulltext)

in German

• F. Ph. Funcke (1848), Geschichte des Fürstenthums und der Stadt Essen[History of the principality and the city of Essen] (in German), H. Kamp, OCLC   38688441, OL   20454145M
• Paul Clemen, ed. (1893). Kunstdenkmäler der Stadt und des Kreises Essen. Die Kunstdenkmäler der Rheinprovinz  [ de ] (in German). Vol. 2. Dusseldorf: Schwann.
• T. Kellen (1902). Industriestadt Essen in Wort und Bild (in German). Essen-Ruhr: Fredebeul & Koenen.
• P. Krauss; E. Uetrecht, eds. (1913). "Essen". Meyers Deutscher Städteatlas[Meyer's Atlas of German Cities] (in German). Leipzig: Bibliographisches Institut.
• Essen, Deutscher Städteatlas (in German), vol. 4, Institut für vergleichende Städtegeschichte  [ de ], 1989, ISBN   3891150008

External links

• Media related to Essen at Wikimedia Commons
• Europeana. Items about Essen, various dates.

51°27′03″N7°00′47″E / 51.450833°N 7.013056°E / 51.450833; 7.013056