Timeline of Cologne

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Cologne, Germany.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by editing the page to add missing items, with references to reliable sources.

Prior to the 14th century

• 13 CE - Germanicus headquartered in Cologne.
• 15 CE - Town becomes administrative capital of Germania Inferior (approximate date).
• 50 CE - Romans establish Colonia. ^[1]
• 80 CE - Eifel Aqueduct built.
• 90 CE - Population: 45,000.
• 260 - Cologne becomes capital of Gallic Empire.
• 310 - Bridge built over Rhine.
• 313 - Catholic diocese of Cologne established (approximate date). ^[2]
• 451 - The Huns under Attila sack Cologne.
• 459 - Ripuarian Franks take power.
• 475 - Becomes the residence of the Frankish king Childeric I. ^[1]
• 716 - Battle of Cologne.
• 795 - City becomes Archbishop's see.
• 960 - Great St. Martin Church founded. ^[1]
• 974 - St. Andreas Church consecrated.
• 980 - Church of St. Pantaleon consecrated.
• 1003 - Deutz Abbey founded.
• 1065 - St. Maria im Kapitol built.
• 1106 - Church of the Holy Virgins built (approximate date). ^[3]
• 1114 - Coat of arms of Cologne in use.
• 1160 - St. Cäcilien church built (approximate date).
• 1182 - City expands with suburbs and ramparts. ^[1]
• 1184 - Richerzeche formed (approximate date).
• 1201 - The city joined the Hanseatic League. ^[1]
• 1227 - St. Gereon's Basilica built.
• 1247 - St. Kunibert church consecrated.
• 1248 - Cologne Cathedral construction begins. ^[1]
• 1250 - Great St. Martin Church built.
• 1259 - Konrad von Hochstaden (Archbishop of Cologne) expels the Richerzeche. ^[1]
• 1260 - Church of the Minorites built (approximate date). ^[4]
• 1288 - Battle of Worringen.

14th–18th centuries

Map of Cologne, 1633

• 1322
  • Cologne Cathedral choir consecrated.
  • Municipal archive in operation (approximate date).
• 1334 - Cologne Charterhouse founded.
• 1388 - University of Cologne established. ^[1]
• 1396 - Constitution of Cologne in effect.^{[ citation needed ]}
• 1400 - Gothic artist known as "Master of Saint Veronica" active (approximate date). ^[5]
• 1414 - Jews expelled. ^[1]
• 1447 - Gürzenich  [ de ] built. ^[1]
• 1450 - Dreikönigsgymnasium founded.
• 1466 - Ulrich Zell sets up printing press. ^[6]
• 1473 - Work on Cologne Cathedral west front and towers suspended until 19th century
• 1475 - City becomes free imperial city.
• 1569 - Cologne City Hall building expanded. ^[7]
• 1583/88 - Cologne War a religious conflict.
• 1584 - Apostolic Nuncio established.
• 1586 - Battle of Werl.
• 1608 - Protestants banished. ^[4]
• 1626
  • Bertram Hilden sets up printing business.
  • Witch trials begin (approximate date). ^[8]
• 1709 - Eau de Cologne launched by Giovanni Maria Farina.
• 1734 - Gazette de Cologne  [ de ] begins publication.
• 1783 - Theater an der Schmierstraße built.
• 1794 - Population: 40,000. ^[1]
• 1795 - City directory published. ^[9]
• 1796 - City annexed by French First Republic.
• 1798
  • University of Cologne closes. ^[1]
  • Kölnische Zeitung  [ de ] newspaper begins publication.

19th century

• 1801 - Treaty of Lunéville incorporates the city into France. ^[1]
• 1802 - Hänneschen puppet theatre founded. ^[10]
• 1815 - Prussians take power, viz Congress of Vienna. ^{[4] [1]}
• 1823 - Rosenmontag (carnival) begins. ^[11]
• 1827 - Gürzenich Orchestra Cologne formed.
• 1839 - Stollwerck confectionery established. ^[11]
• 1840 - Gürzenich Orchestra Cologne active. ^[12]
• 1842
  • Rheinische Zeitung begins publication.
  • Central-Dombauverein zu Köln (Central Cathedral Building Society) recommences construction work on Cologne Cathedral after 400 years.
• 1848 - Neue Rheinische Zeitung begins publication.
• 1849 - Population: 94,789 in city; 497,330 in region. ^[13]
• 1850 - Conservatorium der Musik founded.
• 1853 - Diözesanmuseum founded.
• 1857 - Hotel du Dome opens.
• 1859
  • Cathedral Bridge built. ^[14]
  • Köln Hauptbahnhof opens.
• 1860 - Zoo founded.
• 1861
  • Wallraf-Richartz Museum ^[14] and Glockengasse Synagogue built.
  • Population: 120,568 in city; 567,435 in region. ^[15]
• 1863 - Hotel Ernst opens.
• 1864 - Flora park laid out.
• 1872
  • Theater in der Glockengasse  [ de ] built.
  • Zimmermann bakery in business. ^[16]
• 1874 - Wolkenburg (Köln)  [ de ] restored. ^[1]
• 1876 - Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger begins publication.
• 1877 - Cologne Stadtbahn opens.
• 1880 - Cologne Cathedral completed.
• 1885
  • Population: 239,437. ^[1]
  • City walls dismantled. ^[1]
• 1888 - Bayenthal, Ehrenfeld, Lindenthal and Nippes incorporated into city. ^[4]

Cologne in the 1890s

• 1890 - Public Library established.
• 1894 - Main station rebuilt.
• 1900 - Population: 370,685. ^[1]

20th century

1900-1945

• 1902 - Theater am Habsburger Ring built.
• 1904 - Oper der Stadt Köln formed.
• 1905 - Population: 428,503. ^[1]
• 1906 - Schnütgen Museum founded.
• 1908 - 21 September: Mathematician Minkowski delivers "Raum und Zeit" lecture on spacetime.
• 1910
  • Kalk and Vingst  [ de ] incorporated into city. ^[4]
  • Population: 516,527.
• 1911 - Hohenzollern Bridge built.
• 1913 - Rheinpark and Köln Messe/Deutz station open.
• 1914 - Werkbund Exhibition held. ^[17]
• 1917 - Konrad Adenauer becomes mayor.
• 1919
  • Consulate of Poland opens. ^[18]
  • Population: 633,904. ^[19]
• 1921 - Jawne school built.
• 1925 - Population: 705,477.
• 1926
  • Airport opens.
  • Kölner Werkschulen established.
• 1928
  • Messeturm Köln built.
  • Polish Consulate relocated to Frankfurt, and replaced by a Polish Consular Agency in Cologne. ^[18]
• 1930
  • Polish Consular Agency closed. ^[18]
  • November: Flood.
• 1934 - University of Cologne reopens.
• 1938 - Kristallnacht.
• 1939 - Nazi camp for Sinti and Romani people established (see also Porajmos ). ^[20]
• 1940 - Bombing begins.
• 1942 - III SS construction brigade (forced labour camp) established by the SS. Its prisoners were mostly Poles and Soviets. ^[21]
• 1944
  • May: III SS construction brigade camp relocated to Wieda. ^[21]
  • 12 August: Ford-Werke subcamp of the Buchenwald concentration camp established. Its prisoners were mostly Soviets. ^[22]
  • 15 August: Köln Stadt subcamp of the Buchenwald concentration camp established. Its prisoners were mostly Eastern Europeans. ^[23]
  • 27 September: Westwaggon subcamp of the Buchenwald concentration camp established. Its prisoners were mostly Soviets. ^[24]
  • 25 October: Köln Stadt subcamp of Buchenwald dissolved. Prisoners deported to the main Buchenwald camp. ^[23]
  • November: Ehrenfeld Group executed.
  • November: 1. SS-Eisenbahnbaubrigade subcamp of the Mittelbau-Dora concentration camp based in Cologne. ^[25]

Overview of Cologne, April 1945

• 1945
  • February: Ford-Werke subcamp of Buchenwald dissolved. Prisoners deported to the main Buchenwald camp. ^[22]
  • February: 1. SS-Eisenbahnbaubrigade subcamp relocated from Cologne. ^[25]
  • March: Westwaggon subcamp of Buchenwald dissolved. Many prisoners deported to the main Buchenwald camp, dozens managed to escape. ^[24]
  • American troops capture city.

1946-1990s

• 1946 - Kölnische Rundschau begins publication.
• 1947
  • 27 March: Food protest. ^[26]
  • Sport University founded.
  • Nordwestdeutschen Rundfunk orchestra formed.
• 1949
  • Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger resumes publication.
  • Cologne Furniture Fair begins.
• 1950 - Photokina trade fair begins.
• 1951 - Cologne Bonn Airport opens.
• 1954
  • Italian Cultural Institute in Cologne founded. ^[27]
  • Cappella Coloniensis formed.
• 1955
  • February–March: City co-hosts the 1955 Ice Hockey World Championships.
  • Gaffel Haus  [ de ] rebuilt.
• 1957
  • Central Station rebuilt.
  • Opera house built.
  • Cable Car begins operating.
  • City hosts Bundesgartenschau (national horticulture biennial). ^[28]
• 1960
  • Stadtwerke Köln established.
  • Population: 803,616.
• 1964
  • Express (German newspaper)  [ de ] newspaper begins publication.
  • School massacre.
  • Forstbotanischer Garten created.
• 1967 - Kölner Kunstmarkt begins.
• 1971 - Cologne University of Applied Sciences formed.
• 1973 - Association of Islamic Cultural Centres  [ de ] headquartered in city. ^[29]
• 1976 - Gebühreneinzugszentrale and Museum Ludwig established.
• 1977 - Gesellschaft für Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit  [ de ] headquartered in city. ^[30]
• 1981 - Colonius tower built.

Flood in 1983

• 1983
  • April: Flood.
  • Akademie för uns Kölsche Sproch established.
• 1984
  • Centrum Schwule Geschichte established.
  • Turkish-Islamic Union for Religious Affairs headquartered in city. ^[29]
  • Feminale film festival begins.
• 1985
  • Käthe Kollwitz Museum opens.
  • St. George's School founded.
• 1986 - Islamic Council for the Federal Republic of Germany  [ de ] headquartered in city. ^[29]
• 1988 - NS Documentation Center established.
• 1990 - Academy of Media Arts Cologne established.
• 1991 - Cologne Conference (television and film festival) and Cologne Comedy Festival begin.
• 1992 - Cologne Festival of Early Music begins.
• 1993
  • Imhoff-Schokoladenmuseum opens.
  • Cologne Business School established.
  • Ringfest begins.
• 1994 - Central Council of Muslims in Germany headquartered in city. ^[29]
• 1996 - Summerjam reggae festival begins.
• 1998
  • September: City hosts the 1998 World Rowing Championships.
  • Lanxess Arena opens.
• 1999
  • City website online (approximate date). ^{[31] [ chronology citation needed ]}
  • 25th G8 summit held in Cologne.
• 2000
  • Internationale Filmschule Köln established.
  • Population: 962,884.

21st century

• 2001
  • April–May: City co-hosts the 2001 IIHF World Championship.
  • KölnTurm built.
  • Zentralarchiv des internationalen Kunsthandels  [ de ] (archives) headquartered in Cologne.
• 2002 - Köln–Frankfurt high-speed rail line begins operating.
• 2004
  • 9 June: Bombing.
  • MediaPark constructed.
• 2005
  • City hosts Catholic World Youth Day.
  • Weltstadthaus built.
• 2006
  • International Women's Film Festival Dortmund/Cologne begins.
  • KölnTriangle built.
• 2009 - Jürgen Roters becomes mayor. ^[32]
• 2010 - Population: 1,007,119
• 2014 - Rainer Maria Cardinal Woelki succeeds Joachim Cardinal Meisner as archbishop of Cologne
• 2015 - Henriette Reker becomes first female mayor of Cologne, one day after an assassination attempt on her at a market in Braunsfeld
• 2015-2016 - 2015-16 New Year's Eve sexual assaults in Germany
• 2017
  • May: City co-hosts the 2017 IIHF World Championship.
  • Cologne Central Mosque is completed.
• 2018
  • January: Flood.
  • 13 June: Terrorist plot foiled.
  • 15 October: 2018 Cologne attack
• 2025
  • 1 November: Torsten Burmester (SPD) becomes mayor of Cologne.

See also

• History of Cologne
• List of mayors of Cologne
• Elector of Cologne
• Timelines of other cities in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia:^(de) Aachen, Bonn, Dortmund, Duisburg, Düsseldorf, Essen, Münster

References

1. Britannica 1910.
2. "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Germany". Norway: Oslo katolske bispedømme (Oslo Catholic Diocese). Retrieved 30 September 2015.
3. Albert Gereon Stein (1882), Church of Saint Ursula and Her Companions in Cologne, A. Seche, OCLC   14071164, OL   23525129M
4. Baedeker 1911.
5. "Central Europe (including Germany), 1400–1600 A.D.: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art . Retrieved 30 September 2015.
6. Bouchot, Henri (1890). Grevel, H. (ed.). The book: its printers, illustrators, and binders, from Gutenberg to the present time. London: H. Grevel & Co.
7. Rathaus (in German), Stadt Köln, retrieved 30 September 2015
8. Brian P. Levack, ed. (2013). Oxford Handbook of Witchcraft in Early Modern Europe and Colonial America. Oxford University Press. ISBN   978-0-19-164884-7.
9. A. V. Williams (1913). Development and Growth of City Directories. Cincinnati, USA.
10. Hänneschen-Theater Puppenspiele der Stadt Köln. "Geschichte" (in German). Retrieved 10 August 2012.
11. Ursula Heinzelmann (2008). "Timeline". Food Culture in Germany. Greenwood Press. ISBN   978-0-313-34495-4.
12. Colin Lawson, ed. (2003). "Orchestras Founded in the 19th Century (chronological list)". Cambridge Companion to the Orchestra. Cambridge University Press. ISBN   978-0-521-00132-8.
13. Kolb, Georg Friedrich (1862). "Die europaischen Grossmachte: Preussen". Grundriss der Statistik der Völkerzustands- und Staatenkunde (in German). Leipzig: A. Förstnersche Buchhandlung.
14. "Cologne". The Rhine from Rotterdam to Constance. Leipsic: Karl Baedeker. 1882. OCLC   7416969.
15. "Prussia". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1865. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590311 – via HathiTrust.
16. New York Times 2012.
17. "Germany and Switzerland, 1900 A.D.–present: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art . Retrieved 30 September 2015.
18. Chałupczak, Henryk (2004). "Powstanie i działalność polskich placówek konsularnych w okresie międzywojennym (ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem pogranicza polsko-niemiecko-czechosłowackiego)". In Kaczmarek, Ryszard; Masnyk, Marek (eds.). Konsulaty na pograniczu polsko-niemieckim i polsko-czechosłowackim w 1918–1939 (in Polish). Katowice: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego. p. 20.
19. "Germany: Principal Towns". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440 – via HathiTrust.
20. "Lager für Sinti und Roma Köln-Bickendorf". Bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved 8 August 2022.
21. "Köln (III. SS-Baubrigade)". aussenlager-buchenwald.de (in German). Retrieved 8 August 2022.
22. "Köln (Ford)". aussenlager-buchenwald.de (in German). Retrieved 8 August 2022.
23. "Köln (Stadt)". aussenlager-buchenwald.de (in German). Retrieved 8 August 2022.
24. "Köln (Westwaggon)". aussenlager-buchenwald.de (in German). Retrieved 8 August 2022.
25. "1. SS-Eisenbahnbaubrigade". aussenlager-buchenwald.de (in German). Retrieved 8 August 2022.
26. "March 24-April 6, 1947". Chronology of International Events and Documents. 3. London: Royal Institute of International Affairs. 1947. JSTOR   40545021.
27. "Chi Siamo". Istituto Italiano di Cultura Colonia (in Italian). Retrieved 8 August 2022.
28. "Bisherige Gartenschauen" [Previous Garden Shows] (in German). Bonn: Deutsche Bundesgartenschau-Gesellschaft. Retrieved 2 December 2013.
29. Hussein Hamdan (2011), Muslime in Deutschland: Geschichte, Gegenwart, Chancen [Muslims in Germany: Past, Present, Prospects](PDF) (in German), Heidelberg: Zentrum für interkulturelle Kommunikation, archived from the original (PDF) on 30 May 2015
30. "Organizations". International Relations and Security Network . Switzerland: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich . Retrieved 30 September 2015.
31. "Stadt Koeln" (in German). Archived from the original on 27 April 1999 – via Internet Archive, Wayback Machine.
32. "German mayors". City Mayors.com. London: City Mayors Foundation . Retrieved 15 November 2013.

This article incorporates information from the German Wikipedia.

Bibliography

in English

• Thomas Nugent (1749), "Cologne", The Grand Tour, vol. 2: Germany and Holland, London: S. Birt, hdl:2027/mdp.39015030762572
• Monsieur de Blainville (1757), "Cologne", Travels through Holland, Germany, Switzerland, but especially Italy, Translated by Turnbull, London: John Noon
• Theodore Alois Buckley (1862), "Cologne", Great Cities of the Middle Ages (2nd ed.), London: Routledge, Warne, & Routledge
• "Cologne"  . Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 6 (11th ed.). 1910. pp. 697–699.
• "Cologne", The Rhine, Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1911, OCLC   21888483
• "Cologne, Key City of the Rhineland", National Geographic Magazine , vol. 69, Washington DC, 1936
• Robert E. Dickinson (1961). "Structure of the German City: Cologne". The West European City (2nd ed.). Routledge. ISBN   978-1-136-25970-8.
• John M. Jeep, ed. (2001). "Cologne". Medieval Germany: an Encyclopedia. Garland Publishing. ISBN   0-8240-7644-3.
• Jonathan Bikker (2006). "Cologne, the 'German Rome,' in Views by Berckheyde and van der Heyden and the Journals of Seventeenth-Century Dutch Tourists". Simiolus: Netherlands Quarterly for the History of Art. 32 (4): 273–290. JSTOR   20355338.
• Jeffry M. Diefendorf (2008). "Reconciling competing pasts in postwar Cologne". In Gavriel David Rosenfeld; Paul B. Jaskot (eds.). Beyond Berlin: Twelve German Cities Confront the Nazi Past. USA: University of Michigan Press. ISBN   978-0-472-11611-9 – via HathiTrust. (fulltext)
• E. Rail (29 March 2012). "36 Hours: Cologne, Germany". New York Times.

in German

• "Cölln". Topographia Archiepiscopatuum Moguntinensis, Trevirensis et Coloniensis. Topographia Germaniae (in German). Frankfurt. 1646. p. 60+.
• Cöln. Die Chroniken der Deutschen Städte (in German). Vol. 12–14. Leipzig: S. Hirzel Verlag. 1875–1877 – via HathiTrust.
• Karl von Hegel (1891). "Koln". Städte und Gilden der germanischen Völker im Mittelalter (in German). Vol. 2. Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot. hdl:2027/wu.89094689700 – via HathiTrust.
• Paul Clemen, ed. (1906). Kunstdenkmäler der Stadt Koln. Die Kunstdenkmäler der Rheinprovinz (in German). Vol. 6. Dusseldorf: Schwann.
• P. Krauss; E. Uetrecht, eds. (1913). "Coln". Meyers Deutscher Städteatlas[Meyer's Atlas of German Cities] (in German). Leipzig: Bibliographisches Institut.
• Koln, Deutscher Städteatlas (in German), vol. 2, Institut für vergleichende Städtegeschichte, 1979, ISBN   3891150008
• Wolfgang Adam; Siegrid Westphal, eds. (2012). "Koln". Handbuch kultureller Zentren der Frühen Neuzeit: Städte und Residenzen im alten deutschen Sprachraum (in German). De Gruyter. pp. 1093–1152. ISBN   978-3-11-029555-9.

External links

• Europeana. Items related to Cologne, various dates.

50°57′00″N6°58′00″E / 50.95°N 6.966667°E / 50.95; 6.966667