Torn (Ava Max song)

Last updated

"Torn"
Ava Max Torn 2.png
Single by Ava Max
from the album Heaven & Hell
B-side "Salt"
ReleasedAugust 19, 2019
Studio A Studios, West Hollywood, California
Genre
Length3:18
Label Atlantic
Songwriter(s)
Producer(s) Cirkut
Ava Max singles chronology
"Slow Dance"
(2019)
"Torn"
(2019)
"Tabú"
(2019)
Alternate cover
Ava Max - Torn.png
CD single cover

Credits and personnel

Credits adapted from the German CD single. [3]

Publishing and recording locations

Personnel

Charts

Certifications

Certification and sales for "Torn"
RegionCertification Certified units/sales
Austria (IFPI Austria) [18] Gold15,000
Brazil (Pro-Música Brasil) [19] Platinum40,000
France (SNEP) [20] Gold100,000
Italy (FIMI) [21] Gold35,000
Poland (ZPAV) [12] 2× Platinum40,000
Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland) [22] Gold10,000

Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.

Release history

Release dates and formats for "Torn"
RegionDateFormat(s)VersionLabelRef.
VariousAugust 19, 2019Original Atlantic [36]
ItalyAugust 30, 2019 Radio airplay Warner [63]
VariousSeptember 5, 2019
  • Digital download
  • streaming
KREAM remix [37]
September 12, 2019Hook N Sling remix [38]
September 26, 2019Cirkut DJ mix [39]
October 10, 2019Adryiano remix [40]
GermanyJanuary 10, 2020 CD single OriginalAtlantic [3]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Part of Me (Katy Perry song)</span> 2012 song by Katy Perry

"Part of Me" is a song by American singer Katy Perry, released as the lead single from Teenage Dream: The Complete Confection. It was written by Perry and Bonnie McKee, with production and additional writing by Dr. Luke, Max Martin, and Cirkut. The song was not included on the original edition of Teenage Dream because Perry felt that it did not fit the composition of the album. A demo of the song leaked online in late 2010, amid speculation that the lyrics were directed to the singer's ex-boyfriend Travie McCoy. "Part of Me" was re-worked and officially released on February 13, 2012, through Capitol Records with artwork by art director Gavin Taylor and photography by Mary Ellen Matthews.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Domino (Jessie J song)</span> 2011 single by Jessie J

"Domino" is a song by British singer and songwriter Jessie J from her debut studio album, Who You Are (2011). The song was released on 29 August 2011 as the fifth single from the album. Musically, "Domino" is an electropop and dance-pop song. Jessie J co-wrote "Domino" with its producers, Dr. Luke and Cirkut, with extra writing from Claude Kelly and Max Martin.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Roar (song)</span> 2013 single by Katy Perry

"Roar" is a song by American singer Katy Perry. It was released on August 10, 2013, by Capitol Records as the lead single from her fourth studio album, Prism (2013). Perry co-wrote the song with Bonnie McKee and its producers Dr. Luke, Max Martin, and Cirkut. It is a power pop song containing elements of arena rock and lyrics centering on standing up for oneself and self-empowerment.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ava Max</span> American singer and songwriter (born 1994)

Amanda Ava Koci, known professionally as Ava Max, is an American singer and songwriter. She signed with Atlantic Records in 2016, through which she released her breakthrough single, "Sweet but Psycho", in August 2018. The song peaked at number one in 22 countries and reached number two and number 10 on the Australian ARIA Charts and US Billboard Hot 100, respectively.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sweet but Psycho</span> 2018 single by Ava Max

"Sweet but Psycho" is the debut single by American singer Ava Max, released on August 17, 2018, through Atlantic Records. It was later included on her debut studio album Heaven & Hell (2020). The song was written by Max, Madison Love, Tix, Cook Classics, and the producer Cirkut. "Sweet but Psycho" is a pop, dance-pop, electropop, and synth-pop song with lyrics about the perception of a young woman. The song's title was inspired by frequent interactions between Max and her parents. It received mixed to positive reviews from music critics, who praised its upbeat sound and catchy chorus, but criticized its formulaic production.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ava Max discography</span>

American singer Ava Max has released two studio albums, one extended play, 28 singles, 15 promotional singles and 24 music videos, as well as 4 visualizer music videos. In 2008, Max released an independent extended play on her Myspace profile titled Amanda Kay. She released "Take Away the Pain" under the stage name Ava in 2013, which was later produced by the Canadian duo Project 46 in 2015.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">So Am I (Ava Max song)</span> 2019 single by Ava Max

"So Am I" is a song by American singer Ava Max, released on March 7, 2019, through Atlantic Records as the second single from her debut studio album, Heaven & Hell (2020). The song was written by Max, Charlie Puth, Maria Jane Smith, Victor Thell, Gigi Grombacher, Roland Spreckley, and the producer Cirkut. It is an electropop song which discusses the importance of self-love, being an outcast and not fitting into society. A remixed version of the song featuring South Korean boy band NCT 127 was released on July 3, 2019, with additional rap verses performed in English and Korean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Blood, Sweat & Tears (Ava Max song)</span> 2019 promotional single by Ava Max

"Blood, Sweat & Tears" is a song by American singer Ava Max, released as a promotional single through Atlantic Records on July 30, 2019, and charted on the Czech Radio Top 100 at number 60. The song was written by Max, Peter Thomas, Sofia Hoops, and the producer Cirkut, with lyrics describing the determination to persevere through a relationship.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Boyfriend (Ariana Grande and Social House song)</span> 2019 single by Ariana Grande and Social House

"Boyfriend" is a song by American singer Ariana Grande and American musical duo Social House. It was released by Republic Records on August 2, 2019. It is the second single from the latter's debut extended play, Everything Changed... (2019). It became Grande's 14th and Social House's first top 10 on the Billboard Hot 100. It also became the first song by a woman, and third overall, to top the Rolling Stone Top 100 Songs chart, achieving it in its debut week. It won the MTV Video Music Award for Song of Summer, and was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Pop Duo/Group Performance.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Freaking Me Out</span> 2019 promotional single by Ava Max

"Freaking Me Out" is a song by American singer Ava Max, released as a promotional single through Atlantic Records on July 31, 2019, and charted on the New Zealand Hot Singles chart at number 29. The song was written by Max, Jon Bellion, Jonathan Simpson, Mark Williams, Raul Cubina, Seth Reger, and the producer Cirkut. It is a pop song, with lyrics describing the feeling of losing senses during a new relationship. An accompanying music video was released on October 31, 2019, and directed by Edgar Daniel. It depicts Max trapped inside a mansion, which is filled with horror fiction objects and scenes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Salt (Ava Max song)</span> 2019 single by Ava Max

"Salt" is a song by American singer Ava Max, released on December 12, 2019, through Atlantic Records as the fourth single from her debut studio album, Heaven & Hell (2020). The song was initially released on YouTube and SoundCloud in 2018, before being re-released on streaming services. It was written by Max, Autumn Rowe, Madison Love, Nicole Morier, and the producer Cirkut. The dance-pop song is regarded as a "fan-favorite" by several publications, who praised the upbeat production. "Salt" peaked at number one in Poland, and charted in the top 10 in Austria, CIS, Finland, Germany, Norway, Russia, Ukraine, and Switzerland. The song received a quadruple platinum certification in Poland and Norway, and was certified platinum in four countries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kings & Queens (Ava Max song)</span> 2020 single by Ava Max

"Kings & Queens" is a song by American singer Ava Max, released on March 12, 2020, through Atlantic Records as the lead single from her debut studio album, Heaven & Hell (2020). The song was written by Ava Max, Brett McLaughlin, Desmond Child, Hillary Bernstein, Jakke Erixson, Madison Love, Mimoza Blinsson, and producers Cirkut and RedOne. It is a power pop song that consists of an electric guitar with synthesizers, incorporating the message of women's empowerment.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Who's Laughing Now (Ava Max song)</span> 2020 single by Ava Max

"Who's Laughing Now" is a song by American singer Ava Max, released on July 30, 2020, through Atlantic Records as the sixth single from her debut studio album, Heaven & Hell (2020). The song was written by Max, Madison Love, Måns Wredenberg, Noonie Bao, and producers Cirkut and Lotus IV. It is a dance-pop song with lyrics about a girl being gaslighted, and continues from Max's 2018 song "Sweet but Psycho". "Who's Laughing Now" reached number one in Poland, and charted in the top ten in eight countries. An accompanying music video was directed by Isaac Rentz and depicts Max seeking revenge on her boss and cheating boyfriend.

<i>Heaven & Hell</i> (Ava Max album) 2020 studio album by Ava Max

Heaven & Hell is the debut studio album by American singer Ava Max. It was released by Atlantic Records on September 18, 2020. Max recorded the album from December 2018 to March 2020, where she collaborated with composers including Cirkut, RedOne, Charlie Puth, and Bonnie McKee. Musically, Heaven & Hell is a pop, dance-pop, and electropop record split into two sides; the former contains anthemic sounds, while the latter incorporates darker melodies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">OMG What's Happening</span> 2020 single by Ava Max

"OMG What's Happening" is a song by American singer Ava Max, released on September 3, 2020, through Atlantic Records, as the seventh single from her debut studio album, Heaven & Hell (2020). The disco-funk and disco-pop song was written by Max, Roland Spreckley, Henri Antero Salonen, Sorana Păcurar, Cirkut and Jason Gill, and produced by the latter two writers alongside Hank Solo. A music video was released on October 29, 2020, which was directed by American music video director Hannah Lux Davis. It depicts Max racing against other drivers in muscle cars.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">My Head & My Heart</span> 2020 single by Ava Max

"My Head & My Heart" is a song by American singer Ava Max, released on November 19, 2020, through Atlantic Records as the eighth and final single from Max's debut studio album Heaven & Hell (2020). The song was included on the digital re-release version of the album. The dance and pop anthem was written by Max, Madison Love, Aleksey Potekhin, Sergey Zhukov, Tia Scola, Earwulf, and Cirkut, with production handled by the latter two producers and Jonas Blue.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">EveryTime I Cry</span> 2021 single by Ava Max

"EveryTime I Cry" is a song by American singer Ava Max, released on June 8, 2021, through Atlantic Records. The house and electropop song was written by Max, Caroline Pennell, Lauren Aquilina, and producers Cirkut and Sean Myer. It consists of a piano with synthesizers, and lyrics describing the effect of women's empowerment during difficult situations. "EveryTime I Cry" received generally favorable reviews from music critics, who praised the upbeat production. The song peaked at number seven in Poland and at number 99 in the United Kingdom. An accompanying music video was directed by Max and Charlotte Rutherford and depicts the singer on the desert which transforms into a lush landscape with her tears. It was compared to previous music videos by TLC and Shakira.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">The Motto (Tiësto and Ava Max song)</span> 2021 single by Tiësto and Ava Max

"The Motto" is a song by Dutch disc jockey Tiësto and American singer and songwriter Ava Max from the former's seventh studio album, Drive (2023). The song was written by the artists, Claudia Valentina, Pablo Bowman, Sarah Blanchard, and Lostboy, who produced it with the DJ. It was released as the third single from the album for digital download and streaming in various countries by Atlantic and Musical Freedom on 4 November 2021. "The Motto" is a fusion of dance, EDM, and pop, showcasing empowering lyrics that emphasize "doing you, having a good time and letting the world know". Upon its release, the release of the song was well received by music critics, who praised the music and production of the song, the collaborative effort between the artists, and the vocal delivery of Max. At the 2022 MTV Europe Music Awards, the song received a nomination in the category for the Best Collaboration.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Million Dollar Baby (Ava Max song)</span> 2022 single by Ava Max

"Million Dollar Baby" is a song by American singer and songwriter Ava Max from her second studio album, Diamonds & Dancefloors (2023). The song was written by Max, Jessica Agombar, Cirkut, Lostboy, Michael Pollack, Casey Smith, David Stewart and Diane Warren, and produced by Cirkut, Lostboy and Stewart. It was released as the second single from the album for digital download and streaming by Atlantic in various countries on September 1, 2022. Drawing inspirations from the 1990s, 2000s and 2010s, the upbeat eurodance and pop song interpolates LeAnn Rimes' song "Can't Fight the Moonlight" (2000). Titled in reference to Million Dollar Baby (2004), it delivers a message of empowerment that acts as a personal affirmation of Max's self-worth. Upon release, it received a positive reception from music critics for its music, lyrics and Max's vocal rendition as well as its adept use of the interpolation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Weapons (song)</span> 2022 single by Ava Max

"Weapons" is a song by American singer and songwriter Ava Max from her second studio album, Diamonds & Dancefloors (2023). The song was written by Max, Cirkut, Lostboy, Melanie Fontana, Madison Love, Michel Lindgren Schulz and Ryan Tedder, and produced by Schulz. It was released as the third single from the album for digital download and streaming by Atlantic in various countries on November 10, 2022. Combining disco, electro and europop genres, the song tells a tale of cold hearts and harsh words encountered in the pursuit of love within an expansive urban setting. Upon release, it received a positive reception from music critics for its lyrics, music and Max's vocal delivery. Commercially, it charted within the top 100 in Belgium, Croatia, Hungary, Sweden and Switzerland. For further promotion, an accompanying visualizer premiered on Max's YouTube channel on March 3, 2023.

References

  1. Wass, Mike (August 15, 2019). "More New Music? Ava Max Is Releasing A Single Called 'Torn'". Idolator. Archived from the original on September 4, 2020. Retrieved August 19, 2019.
  2. 1 2 Leiber, Sarah Jae (August 19, 2019). "Ava Max Unleashes New Disco-Tinged Single 'Torn'". BroadwayWorld. Archived from the original on August 20, 2019. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 "Ava Max: Torn (2-Track)" (in German). jpc. Archived from the original on January 11, 2020. Retrieved January 11, 2020.
  4. Poulter, Amy (September 18, 2020). "Rising pop star Ava Max releases her debut album today. The "Sweet But Psycho" singer calls Virginia Beach home". The Virginian-Pilot . Retrieved September 19, 2020.
  5. 1 2 3 Daw, Stephen (August 20, 2019). "Ava Max Rips Her Emotions in Two on New Song 'Torn': Listen". Billboard . Archived from the original on August 21, 2019. Retrieved August 21, 2019. a disco-infused dance track
  6. 1 2 Aramesh, Waiss (August 24, 2019). "Best New Music This Week: Brockhampton, Vince Staples, Lana Del Rey, and More". Complex . Archived from the original on September 20, 2019. Retrieved September 20, 2019. the disco-tinged pop track
  7. 1 2 D'Souza, Shaad (August 26, 2019). "Watch Ava Max play "Torn" and "Sweet But Psycho" at the 2019 VMAs". The Fader . Archived from the original on August 27, 2019. Retrieved August 28, 2019.
  8. Hautman, Nicholas (September 17, 2020). "Ava Max Shows Promise on Anthem-Filled Debut Album 'Heaven & Hell': Review". Us Weekly . Retrieved September 17, 2020.
  9. Hulton, Anna Sky (September 27, 2019). "Ava Max opens up about her song 'Torn' and dealing with bullies". Hits Radio. Archived from the original on October 1, 2019. Retrieved October 1, 2019.
  10. Allaire, Christian (December 20, 2019). "The 34 Best Songs of 2019". Vogue . Archived from the original on November 4, 2019. Retrieved December 26, 2019.
  11. 1 2 "Listy bestsellerów, wyróżnienia :: Związek Producentów Audio-Video". Polish Airplay Top 100. Retrieved November 25, 2019.
  12. 1 2 "Wyróżnienia – Platynowe płyty CD - Archiwum - Przyznane w 2021 roku" (in Polish). Polish Society of the Phonographic Industry . Retrieved January 13, 2021.
  13. 1 2 "Tipparade-lijst van week 40, 2019". Dutch Top 40. October 18, 2019. Archived from the original on October 10, 2019. Retrieved October 18, 2019.
  14. 1 2 "ČNS IFPI" (in Slovak). Hitparáda – Radio Top 100 Oficiálna. IFPI Czech Republic. Note: Select 12. týden 2020 in the date selector. Retrieved March 24, 2020.
  15. 1 2 "SloTop50 – Slovenian official singles chart". slotop50.si. Archived from the original on August 7, 2020. Retrieved November 15, 2019.
  16. 1 2 "Official Scottish Singles Sales Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved September 7, 2019.
  17. 1 2 "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved September 14, 2019.
  18. 1 2 "Austrian single certifications – Ava Max – Torn" (in German). IFPI Austria. Retrieved August 21, 2020.
  19. 1 2 "Brazilian single certifications – Ava Max – Torn" (in Portuguese). Pro-Música Brasil . Retrieved January 7, 2022.
  20. 1 2 "French single certifications – Ava Max – Torn" (in French). Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique . Retrieved July 29, 2020.
  21. 1 2 "Italian single certifications – Ava Max – Torn" (in Italian). Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana . Retrieved July 20, 2020. Select "2020" in the "Anno" drop-down menu. Type "Torn" in the "Filtra" field. Select "Singoli" under "Sezione".
  22. 1 2 "The Official Swiss Charts and Music Community: Awards ('Torn')". IFPI Switzerland. Hung Medien. Retrieved April 6, 2020.
  23. Daw, Stephen (August 27, 2019). "Ava Max Debuts Epic Comic Book-Themed Video For 'Torn': Watch". Billboard. Archived from the original on August 28, 2019. Retrieved September 19, 2019.
  24. Wass, Mike (August 27, 2019). "Pow! Ava Max Rolls Out Superhero-Themed "Torn" Video". Idolator. Archived from the original on September 4, 2020. Retrieved August 28, 2019.
  25. 1 2 3 Roth, Madeline (August 27, 2019). "Ava Max Breaks Down The Empowering Message Behind Her Superhero-Inspired 'Torn' Video". MTV News. Archived from the original on September 14, 2019. Retrieved September 19, 2019.
  26. 1 2 Bergado, Gabe (September 13, 2019). "Ava Max on Going Back to Brunette and Becoming a Superhero for "Torn" Music Video". Teen Vogue . Archived from the original on September 20, 2019. Retrieved September 20, 2019.
  27. Carrera, Martino (September 18, 2019). "Trussardi Debuts Customized Panda Car". WWD . Archived from the original on September 20, 2019. Retrieved September 20, 2019.
  28. Landoni, Luca (September 18, 2019). "La canzone della pubblicità Fiat Panda Trussardi". radiomusik.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on October 31, 2019. Retrieved September 18, 2019.
  29. "Fiat Panda Trussardi, the new special series in the Ava Max video – Mondo Auto". UK 24 News. August 30, 2019. Archived from the original on November 29, 2021. Retrieved September 18, 2019.
  30. "Ava Max - Torn [Official Music Video]". YouTube . August 27, 2019. Archived from the original on September 8, 2019. Retrieved September 19, 2019.
  31. "2019 MTV VMAs". Beyond the Stage Magazine. September 2, 2019. Archived from the original on September 15, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
  32. Roth, Madeline (August 26, 2019). "See All The Fiercest VMA Red Carpet Looks From Taylor, Normani, And More". MTV News. Archived from the original on August 27, 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
  33. Lynch, Joe (November 3, 2019). "Ava Max Is 'Torn,' 'Sweet But Psycho' at 2019 MTV EMAs". Billboard. Archived from the original on September 4, 2020. Retrieved November 4, 2019.
  34. "Ava Max Has The Entire 02 Singing Along At Capital's Jingle Bell Ball 2019". Capital FM. December 7, 2019. Archived from the original on September 4, 2020. Retrieved July 15, 2020.
  35. "Capital's Jingle Bell Ball With Seat Line-Up: Taylor Swift & Stormzy Are Playing The UK's Biggest Christmas Party". Capital FM. November 4, 2019. Retrieved November 12, 2022.
  36. 1 2 "Torn – Single". Apple Music. Archived from the original on September 4, 2020. Retrieved September 21, 2019.
  37. 1 2 "Torn (KREAM Remix)". Apple Music. Archived from the original on September 4, 2020. Retrieved September 21, 2019.
  38. 1 2 "Torn (Hook N Sling Remix)". Apple Music. Archived from the original on September 4, 2020. Retrieved September 21, 2019.
  39. 1 2 "Torn (Cirkut DJ Mix) - Single by Ava Max". Apple Music. Archived from the original on April 11, 2020. Retrieved April 11, 2020.
  40. 1 2 "Torn (Adryiano Remix) - Single by Ava Max". Apple Music. Archived from the original on April 11, 2020. Retrieved April 11, 2020.
  41. "Torn (The Remixes) - Single by Ava Max" . Retrieved May 10, 2021 via Spotify.
  42. "ARIA Australian Top 40 Digital Tracks" (PDF). Australian Recording Industry Association. September 2, 2019. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 9, 2020. Retrieved August 31, 2019.
  43. "Ava Max – Torn" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40. Retrieved December 5, 2019.
  44. "Ava Max – Torn" (in French). Ultratop 50. Retrieved November 2, 2019.
  45. "Croatia ARC TOP 100". HRT. Archived from the original on September 30, 2019. Retrieved October 1, 2019.
  46. "ČNS IFPI" (in Czech). Hitparáda – Radio Top 100 Oficiální. IFPI Czech Republic. Note: Select 20. týden 2020 in the date selector. Retrieved May 18, 2020.
  47. "Ava Max Chart History (Euro Digital Songs)". Billboard. Archived from the original on January 3, 2020. Retrieved January 3, 2020.
  48. "Ava Max: Torn" (in Finnish). Musiikkituottajat. Retrieved August 3, 2022.
  49. "Ava Max – Torn" (in French). Les classement single. Retrieved June 21, 2020.
  50. "Ava Max – Torn" (in German). GfK Entertainment charts. Retrieved November 15, 2019.
  51. "Airplay Charts Deutschland Woche 47, 2019" [Airplay Charts Germany Week 47/2019]. Germancharts.de (in German). Hung Medien & MusicTrace on behalf of Bundesverband Musikindustrie . Retrieved January 22, 2023.
  52. "Archívum – Slágerlisták – MAHASZ" (in Hungarian). Rádiós Top 40 játszási lista. Magyar Hanglemezkiadók Szövetsége. Retrieved November 29, 2019.
  53. "Archívum – Slágerlisták – MAHASZ" (in Hungarian). Single (track) Top 40 lista. Magyar Hanglemezkiadók Szövetsége. Retrieved September 12, 2019.
  54. "Tónlistinn – Lög" [The Music – Songs] (in Icelandic). Plötutíðindi. Archived from the original on October 21, 2019. Retrieved September 23, 2023.
  55. "Ava Max – Torn". Top Digital Download. Retrieved June 21, 2020.
  56. "Mexico Ingles Airplay" . Billboard . September 21, 2019. Archived from the original on September 18, 2019. Retrieved September 17, 2019.
  57. "NZ Hot Singles Chart". Recorded Music NZ. September 2, 2019. Archived from the original on August 30, 2019. Retrieved August 31, 2019.
  58. "Airplay 100 – 19 ianuarie 2020" (in Romanian). Kiss FM. Media Forest. January 19, 2020. Archived from the original on February 6, 2020. Retrieved January 22, 2020.
  59. "Top 50 – Radio San Marino RTV – 16/11/2019" (in Italian). San Marino RTV. November 16, 2019. Archived from the original on November 16, 2019. Retrieved August 24, 2024.
  60. "Ava Max – Torn". Swiss Singles Chart. Retrieved November 4, 2019.
  61. "Najpopularniejsze albumy i single 2019 roku" (in Polish). Polish Society of the Phonographic Industry. Archived from the original on March 14, 2020. Retrieved January 28, 2020.
  62. "Rádiós Top 100 - hallgatottsági adatok alapján - 2020". Mahasz . Retrieved February 22, 2021.
  63. Mompellio, Gabriel. "Ava Max 'Torn'" (in Italian). Radio Airplay SRL. Archived from the original on August 30, 2019. Retrieved August 30, 2019.