Trichomycterus

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Trichomycterus
Trichomycterus ytororo.jpg
Trichomycterus ytororo
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Siluriformes
Family: Trichomycteridae
Subfamily: Trichomycterinae
Genus: Trichomycterus
Valenciennes, 1832
Type species
Trichomycterus nigricans
Valenciennes, 1832

Trichomycterus is a genus of fish in the family Trichomycteridae, the largest genus of its family with over 170 species currently described. This genus is native to freshwater habitats in Central and South America. [1] These fish are generally small, usually about 5 to 15 cm (2–6 in) in standard length, although the largest, T. rivulatus , can reach more than twice this size. [1] Species differ from one another primarily in body proportions, fin ray counts and colouration. [2] Despite their relatively small size, some, such as T. punctulatus , support fisheries and are important in the local cuisine. [3]

Contents

Taxonomy

This genus is defined by the lack of specializations found in other trichomycterids and is certainly polyphyletic. [4] [5] Although known to contain many species, Trichomycterus is poorly known with many of the known species based on brief descriptions. [4] Many species have been described recently and many more are waiting to be described. [6]

Some authors have tentatively defined putative monophyletic assemblages within the genus Trichomycterus based on the possession of unique morphological features. [4] The Trichomycterus brasiliensis species-complex includes T. brasiliensis, T. iheringi, T. maracaya, T. mimonha, T. pirabitira, T. potschi, T. vermiculatus and several undescribed species apparently endemic to the main river basins draining the Brazilian Shield. [7] However, an assemblage of species from south and southeastern Brazil is also supported that includes T. araxa, [8] T. castroi, T. davisi, T. guaraquessaba, T. immaculatus, T. itatiayae, T. mboycy, T. mirissumba, T. naipi, T. nigricans, T. papilliferus, T. plumbeus, T. stawiarski, T. taroba, T. triguttatus and T. zonatus, [5] T. aguarague, T. alterus, T. belensis, T. boylei and T. ramosus also form a diagnosable species assemblage. [2]

Distribution and habitat

Species of Trichomycterus inhabit a diversity of habitats throughout South and Central America from Costa Rica in the north to Patagonia in the south and from lowland Atlantic rainforest in the east to Andean highland streams in the west. [2] They are, together with Astroblepus and Orestias , among the very few native fish genera at high altitude in the Andes [9] and in some places, for example certain high-elevation localities in western Argentina, Trichomycterus are the only fishes. [10] About 60 nominal species are endemic to the river basins draining the Andes and hills of the Guianan Shield and about 30 species are endemic to river basins draining the Brazilian Shield. [11]

Despite the broad distribution of the genus, most species have limited distributions and usually are restricted to only one river. [12] Wide-ranging species are most likely complexes of species that are difficult to differentiate, such as the T. brasiliensis species-complex. [7] Trichomycterus gorgona, from a small stream on Gorgona Island located west of the Pacific coast of Colombia, is the first known trichomycterid to be endemic to an offshore island. [13] Many species are troglobitic. [14]

Species

There are currently 174 recognized species in this genus:

Related Research Articles

<i>Hypostomus</i> Genus of fishes

Hypostomus is a genus of catfish in the family Loricariidae. They are native to tropical and subtropical South America. H. plecostomus is the popular freshwater aquarium fish formerly known as Plecostomus plecostomus. The taxonomic structure of the Loricariidae is still being expanded by scientists. Hypostomus is a highly species-rich and widely distributed catfish genus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trichomycteridae</span> Family of fishes

Trichomycteridae is a family of catfishes commonly known as pencil catfishes or parasitic catfishes. This family includes the candiru fish, feared by some people for its alleged habit of entering into the urethra of humans. They are one of the few parasitic chordates. Another species is the life monsefuano which was important to the Moche culture and still an important part of Peruvian cuisine.

Listrura is a genus of pencil catfishes native to South America.

Trichomycterus trefauti is a species of pencil catfish presently only known from the upper basin of the São Francisco River in Minas Gerais state, Brazil.

<i>Microglanis</i> Genus of fishes

Microglanis is a genus of fish in the family Pseudopimelodidae native to South America. This genus has the widest distribution within its family, with species ranging from the Guianas to Venezuela; western slope of the Andes in Ecuador and Peru to the Río de La Plata basin in Argentina. They occur eastward to the Orinoco and Amazon basins. It is also present in the eastern coastal rivers of Brazil.

<i>Astroblepus</i> Genus of fishes

Astroblepus is a genus of fish in the family Astroblepidae found in South America and Panama. This genus is the only member of its family. These catfishes are primarily found in torrential streams in the Andean area. Astroblepus pholeter and A. riberae are troglobites adapted to living in subterranean water systems. These species are typically small, less than 10 cm (4 in). The largest species reaches 30 cm (1 ft). These fish have suckermouths like those of loricariids. They have two pairs of barbels, maxillary and nasal. The dorsal fin spine lacks a locking mechanism. These fish also have odontodes, tiny teeth on their skin. All species exhibit a conical, pointy type on their fin rays like that found in other loricarioids; other species also exhibit a blunt type that is only found on their skin.

<i>Hemiancistrus</i> Genus of fishes

Hemiancistrus is a genus of suckermouth armored catfishes. These species are native to South America. The taxonomy of this genus is complex and unclear, and major work has to be done. Many of these fish are popular aquarium fish.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hypoptopomatinae</span> Subfamily of fishes

The Hypoptopomatinae are a subfamily of catfishes of the family Loricariidae, composed of 17 genera and approximately 80 species. This subfamily represents about one-tenth of all loricariid species.

<i>Parotocinclus</i> Genus of fishes

Parotocinclus is a genus of fish in the family Loricariidae native to South America. This genus is distributed through almost all hydrographic systems in South America from the Guyana Shield drainages and Amazon Shield tributaries to the coastal drainages of eastern and southeastern Brazil, including the rio São Francisco basin. Most species have the caudal peduncle oval in cross section. It has been found that Characidium species may interact with P. maculicauda. The small Characidium will follow grazing P. maculicauda, which release particulate matter dislodged from the catfish's foraging.

<i>Eremophilus</i> Genus of fishes

Eremophilus mutisii is a species of catfish of the family Trichomycteridae, and the only member of its genus. This fish grows to about 30 centimetres (12 in) and originates from the Bogotá River basin, which is a tributary of the Magdalena River. It has probably been introduced to Ubaté, Chiquinquirá, and Tundama valleys, Colombia.

Microcambeva is a genus of catfishes of the family Trichomycteridae.

The Sarcoglanidinae are a subfamily of catfishes of the family Trichomycteridae. It includes six genera: Ammoglanis, Malacoglanis, Microcambeva, Sarcoglanis, Stauroglanis, and Stenolicmus.

<i>Ituglanis</i> Genus of fishes

Ituglanis is a genus of small freshwater fish in the family Trichomycteridae native to South America. Their greatest diversity seems to occur in the Amazon River basin. Most species inhabit leaf litter, with several species living in caves.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trichomycterinae</span> Subfamily of fishes

The Trichomycterinae are a subfamily of catfishes of the family Trichomycteridae. It includes six genera, Bullockia, Hatcheria, Rhizosomichthys, and Eremophilus, all monotypic, Silvinichthys with seven species, and Trichomycterus, with over 170 species. The former five genera are diagnosed by putatively apomorphic characters, whereas Trichomycterus is defined by the lack of those specializations and is likely not monophyletic. This subfamily has historically served as much of a wastebasket for trichomycterids that lack the specializations of the other subfamilies. Species of Trichomycterinae dwell in headwaters and small, cold clear water streams running over stony beds. Due to the patchy distribution of their habitats, trichomycterines generally have restricted geographic distributions, thus display a high level of endemism.

<i>Chaetostoma</i> Genus of fishes

Chaetostoma, also known as the bristlemouth catfish, is a genus of suckermouth armored catfishes native to South America with one species, C. fischeri, extending into Panama. Most species inhabit flowing rivers in the lower Andes and its foothills. Some species are kept in unheated aquaria.

Trichomycterus pirabitira is a species of pencil catfish described from tributaries of the upper rio Grande, rio Paraná basin, southeastern Brazil. The maximum recorded length for this species is 7.59 centimetres (2.99 in) SL.

Trichomycterus argos is a species of pencil catfish endemic to Brazil, where it occurs in the Doce River Basin, situated in the Serra do Brigadeiro range, Minas Gerais. This species reaches a maximum length of 11.7 centimetres (4.6 in) SL.

Trichomycterus balios is a species of pencil catfish endemic to Brazil, where it occurs in the upper portion of the Das Antas and Caí river basins, and the Mampituba river basin, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. This species reaches a maximum length of 10.1 centimetres (4.0 in) SL.

Trichomycterus diatropoporos is a species of pencil catfish endemic to Brazil, where it occurs in the da Prata and Turvo river basins, tributaries of the das Antas river, in the Laguna dos Patos system in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. This species reaches a maximum length of 6.8 centimetres (2.7 in) SL.

Trichomycterus poikilos is a species of pencil catfish endemic to Brazil, where it occurs in the Jacuí, Pardo and Taquari-das Antas river basins, tributaries of the Laguna dos Patos system, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. This species reaches a maximum length of 9.25 centimetres (3.64 in) SL.

References

  1. 1 2 Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2017). Species of Trichomycterus in FishBase . June 2017 version.
  2. 1 2 3 Fernández, L. & Osinaga, K. (2006): A New Trichomycterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from Aguarague National Park of the Bolivian Preandean Region, with Comments on Relationships within of the Genus. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 75 (4): 385–393.
  3. ↑ Zocchi, D.M.; Linares, C.W.D. (2017). "Monsefú Life". FondazionesLowFood.
  4. 1 2 3 Alencar, A.R. & Costa, W.J.E.M. (2006): Trichomycterus pauciradiatus, a new catfish species from the upper rio Paraná basin, southeastern Brazil (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae). Zootaxa, 1269: 43–49.
  5. 1 2 Wosiacki, W.B. (2005): A new species of Trichomycterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from south Brazil and redescription of T. iheringi (Eigenmann). Zootaxa, 1040: 49–64.
  6. ↑ Lima, S.M.Q., Lazzarotto, H. & Costa, W.J.E.M. (2008): A new species of Trichomycterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from lagoa Feia drainage, southeastern Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology, 6 (3): 315–322.
  7. 1 2 Bockmann, F.A. & Sazima, I. (2004): Trichomycterus maracaya, a new catfish from the upper rio Paraná, southeastern Brazil (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), with notes on the T. brasiliensis species-complex. Neotropical Ichthyology, 2 (2): 61–74.
  8. 1 2 Costa, W.J.E.M., Mattos, J.L.O., Sampaio, W.M.S, Giongo, P., de Almeida, F.B. & Katz, A.M. (2022): Phylogenetic relationships of a new catfish of the genus Trichomycterus (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) from the Brazilian Cerrado, and the role of Cenozoic events in the diversification of mountain catfishes. Zoosystematics and Evolution, 98 (1): 151–164.
  9. ↑ Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016). Fishes of the World, Fifth Edition. John Wiley & Sons. p. 752. ISBN   978-1-118-34233-6.
  10. ↑ Fernández, L. & Vari, R.P. (2004): New Species of Trichomycterus from Midelevation Localities of Northwestern Argentina (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae). Copeia, 2004 (4): 876–882.
  11. ↑ Alencar, A.R. & Costa, W.J.E.M. (2004): Description of two new species of the catfish genus Trichomycterus from southeastern Brazil (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae). Zootaxa, 744: 1–8.
  12. ↑ Lima, S.M.Q. & Costa, W.J.E.M. (2004): Trichomycterus giganteus (Siluriformes: Loricarioidea: Trichomycteridae): a new catfish from the Rio Guandu basin, southeastern Brazil. Zootaxa, 761: 1–6.
  13. ↑ Fernández, L. & Schaefer, S.A. (2005): New Trichomycterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from an Offshore Island of Colombia. Copeia, 2005 (1): 68–76.
  14. 1 2 Rizzato, P.P., Costa, E.P.D.Jr., Trajano, E. & Bichuette, M.E. (2011): Trichomycterus dali: a new highly troglomorphic catfish (Silurifomes: Trichomycteridae) from Serra da Bodoquena, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Central Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology, 9 (3): 477-491.
  15. ↑ Dutra, G.M., Wosiacki, W.B. & Pinna, M.C.C.d. (2012): Trichomycterus anhanga, a new species of miniature catfish related to T. hasemani and T. johnsoni (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from the Amazon basin, Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology, 10 (2): 225–231.
  16. ↑ Lezama, A.Q., Triques, M.L. & Santos, P.S. (2012): Trichomycterus argos (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), a new species from the Doce River Basin, Eastern Brazil. Zootaxa, 3352: 60–68.
  17. 1 2 3 4 5 Ardila Rodríguez, C.A. (2016): Cinco nuevas especies de peces Trichomycterus para la región Caribe - Colombia. Barranquilla, Departamento del Atlántico, 2: 1-26.
  18. 1 2 3 4 Ferrer, J. & Malabarba, L.R. (2013): Taxonomic review of the genus Trichomycterus Valenciennes (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from the laguna dos Patos system, Southern Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology, 11 (2): 217–246.
  19. ↑ Ardila Rodríguez, C.A. (2011): Trichomycterus ballesterosi (Siluriformes: Trichomyceridae), especie nueva de la cuenca alta del Río Sinú, Colombia. Dahlia, 11: 3-12.
  20. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Barbosa, M.A. & Costa, W.J.E.M. (2010): Seven new species of the catfish genus Trichomycterus (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from Southeastern Brazil and redescription of T. brasiliensis. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 21 (2): 97-122.
  21. ↑ Ardila Rodríguez, C.A. (2017): Trichomycterus casitaensis, sp. nov. (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) una nueva especie de pez del río Tarra, cuenca alta del río Catatumbo departamento de Norte de Santander – Colombia. Barranquilla, Departamento del Atlántico, 3: 1-23.
  22. ↑ Katz, A.M. & Barbosa, M.A. (2014): Re-description of Trichomycterus cubataonis Bizerril, 1994 (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from the Cubatão river basin, southern Brazil. Vertebrate Zoology, 64 (1): 3–8.
  23. 1 2 Barbosa, M.A. (2013): Description of two new species of the catfish genus Trichomycterus (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from the coastal river basins, southeastern Brazil. Vertebrate Zoology, 63 (3): 269–275.
  24. ↑ Barbosa, M.A. & Katz, A.M. (2016): A new species of the catfish genus Trichomycterus (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from the Paranaíba basin, Central Brazil. Vertebrate Zoology, 66 (3): 261–265.
  25. ↑ Donin, Laura M.; Ferrer, Juliano; Carvalho, Tiago P. (2020). "Taxonomical study of Trichomycterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from the Ribeira de Iguape River basin reveals a new species recorded in the early 20th century". Journal of Fish Biology. 96 (4): 886–904. Bibcode:2020JFBio..96..886D. doi:10.1111/jfb.14278. ISSN   1095-8649. PMID   32039475. S2CID   211072424.
  26. ↑ Barbosa, M.A. & Costa, W.J.E.M. (2012): Trichomycterus macrophthalmus (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), a new species of catfish from the Paraíba do Sul river basin, southeastern Brazil. Vertebrate Zoology, 62 (1): 79–82.
  27. ↑ Barbosa, M.A. & Costa, W.J.E.M. (2010): Description of a new species of the catfish genus Trichomycterus (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from the rio Paraíba do Sul basin, southeastern Brazil. Vertebrate Zoology, 60 (3): 193-197.
  28. ↑ Ardila Rodríguez, C.A. (2011): Trichomycterus maldonadoi (Siluriformes: Trichomyceridae), especie nueva de la cuenca alta del Río Sinú, Colombia. Dahlia, 11: 13-22.
  29. ↑ Fernández, L. & Vari, R.P. (2012): New Species of Trichomycterus (Teleostei: Siluriformes) from the Andean Cordillera of Argentina and the Second Record of the Genus in Thermal Waters. Copeia, 2012 (4): 631–636.
  30. ↑ Ardila Rodríguez, C.A. (2014): Trichomycterus nietoi sp. nov. (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) una nueva especie de pez del río Guachaca Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. Departamento del Magdalena – Colombia. Barranquilla, Departamento del Atlántico, 1: 1-23.
  31. ↑ Ardila Rodríguez, C.A. (2011): Trichomycterus ocanaensis sp. nov. (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) una nueva especie de pez del Río Tejo, cuenca alta del Río Catatumbo. Departamento de Norte de Santander – Colombia. Barranquilla, Departamento del Atlántico, 1: 1-16.
  32. ↑ Ochoa, L.E., Silva, G.S.C., Silva, G.J.C.e., Oliveira, C. & Datovo, A. (2017): New species of Trichomycterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) lacking pelvic fins from Paranapanema basin, southeastern Brazil. Zootaxa, 4319 (3): 550-560.
  33. ↑ Sarmento-Soares, L.M., Zanata, A.M. & Martins-Pinheiro, R.F. (2011): Trichomycterus payaya, new catfish (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from headwaters of rio Itapicuru, Bahia, Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology, 9 (2): 261-271.
  34. ↑ Datovo, A., Carvalho, M. & Ferrer, J. (2012): A new species of the catfish genus Trichomycterus from the La Plata River basin, southern Brazil, with comments on its putative phylogenetic position (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae). Zootaxa, 3327: 33–44.
  35. ↑ Barbosa, M.A. & Azevedo-Santos, V.M. (2012): A new species of the catfish genus Trichomycterus (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from the rio Paraná basin, southeastern Brazil. Vertebrate Zoology, 62 (3): 357–362.
  36. 1 2 Katz, A.M., Barbosa, M.A. & Costa, W.J.E.M. (2013): Two new species of the catfish genus Trichomycterus from the Paraná river basin, southeastern Brazil (Teleostei: Trichomycteridae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 23 (4): 359–366.
  37. ↑ Barbosa, M.A. & Costa, W.J.E.M. (2012): Trichomycterus puriventris (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), a new species of catfish from the rio Paraíba do Sul basin, southeastern Brazil. Vertebrate Zoology, 62 (2): 155–160.
  38. ↑ Bichuette, M.E. & Rizzato, P.P. (2012): A new species of cave catfish from Brazil, Trichomycterus rubbioli sp.n., from Serra do Ramalho karstic area, São Francisco River basin, Bahia State (Silurifomes: Trichomycteridae). Zootaxa, 3480: 48–66.
  39. ↑ Castellanos-Morales, C.A. (2011): Trichomycterus sketi: a new species of subterranean catfish (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from the Andean Cordillera of Colombia. Biota Colombiana, 11 (1-2): 33-41.
  40. ↑ DoNascimiento, C., Prada-Pedreros, S. & Guerrero-Kommritz, J. (2014): A new catfish species of the genus Trichomycterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from the río Orinoco versant of Páramo de Cruz Verde, Eastern Cordillera of Colombia. Neotropical Ichthyology, 12 (4): 717–728.
  41. ↑ Barbosa, M.A. & Costa, W.J.E.M. (2011): Description of a new species of the catfish genus Trichomycterus (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from the rio de Contas basin, northeastern Brazil. Vertebrate Zoology, 61 (3): 307-312.
  42. ↑ García-Melo, L.J., Villa-Navarro, F.A. & DoNascimiento, C. (2016): A new species of Trichomycterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from the upper río Magdalena basin, Colombia. Zootaxa, 4117 (2): 226–240.
  43. ↑ Ardila Rodríguez, C.A. (2016): Trichomycterus torcoromaensis sp. nov. (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) una nueva especie de pez de la quebrada Torcoroma, cuenca del río Magdalena. Departamento de Norte de Santander – Colombia. Barranquilla, Departamento del Atlántico, 2: 1-22.
  44. ↑ Ferrer, J. & Malabarba, L.R. (2011): A new Trichomycterus lacking pelvic fins and pelvic girdle with a very restricted range in Southern Brazil (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae). Zootaxa, 2912: 59-67.
  45. ↑ Vilardo PJ, Katz AM, Costa WJEM. 2020. Relationships and description of a new species of Trichomycterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from the Rio Paraíba do Sul basin, south-eastern Brazil. Zool Stud 59:53. doi:10.6620/ZS.2020.59-53
  46. ↑ Henschel, E. (2016): A new catfish species of the Trichomycterus hasemani group (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), from the Branco river basin, northern Brazil. Vertebrate Zoology, 66 (2): 117-123.
  47. ↑ Terán, G.E., Ferrer, J., Benitez, M., Alonso, F., Aguilera, G. & Mirande, J.M. (2017): Living in the waterfalls: A new species of Trichomycterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from Tabay stream, Misiones, Argentina. PLoS ONE, 12 (6): e0179594.
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