The Ustilaginomycotina is a subdivision within the division Basidiomycota of the kingdom Fungi. It consists of the classes Ustilaginomycetes and Exobasidiomycetes, and in 2014 the subdivision was reclassified and the two additional classes Malasseziomycetes and Monilielliomycetes added. The name was first published by Doweld in 2001; Bauer and colleagues later published it in 2006 as an isonym. Ustilagomycotina and Agaricomycotina are considered to be sister groups, and they are in turn sister groups to the subdivision Pucciniomycotina.
Pucciniomycotina is a subdivision of fungus within the division Basidiomycota. The subdivision contains 10 classes, 21 orders, and 38 families. Over 8400 species of Pucciniomycotina have been described - more than 8% of all described fungi. The subdivision is considered a sister group to Ustilaginomycotina and Agaricomycotina, which may share the basal lineage of Basidiomycota, although this is uncertain due to low support for placement between the three groups. The group was known as Urediniomycetes until 2006, when it was elevated from a class to a subdivision and named after the largest order in the group, Pucciniales.
The Agaricostilbomycetes are a class of fungi in the subdivision Pucciniomycotina of the Basidiomycota. The class consists of a single order, six families, and 15 genera. Its type genus, Agaricostilbum was originally placed in Ascomycota, and later, Agaricomycotina, before being placed in Pucinniomycotina.
The Atractiellomycetes are class of fungi in the Pucciniomycotina subdivision of the Basidiomycota. The class consists of a single order, the Atractiellales, which contains 3 families, 10 genera, and 58 species.
The Classiculomycetes are a class of fungi in the Pucciniomycotina subdivision of the Basidiomycota. The class contains a single order, the Classiculales, which in turn contains the single family Classiculaceae. The family contains two monotypic genera.
The Cryptomycocolacomycetes are a class of fungi in the Pucciniomycotina subdivision of the Basidiomycota. The class contains a single order, the Cryptomycocolacales, which in turn contains the single family Cryptomycocolacaceae. The family has two monotypic genera.
The Cystobasidiomycetes are a class of fungi in the subdivision Pucciniomycotina of the Basidiomycota. Most species are known from their yeast states; hyphal states, when present, produce auricularioid basidia and are frequently parasites of other fungi. The class contains five orders as well as two families and one genus (Queiroziella) of uncertain disposition. An additional order, Cyphobasidiales, has been proposed to accommodate several lichenicolous species, but its separation from the Erythrobasidiales has not been demonstrated.
The Microbotryomycetes are a class of fungi in the subdivision Pucciniomycotina of the Basidiomycota. The class currently contains eight orders, plus three additional, unassigned families, plus seven additional, unassigned genera. Many species are known only from their yeast states. Species with hyphal states typically produce auricularioid basidia and are often parasitic on other fungi or plants. Several species in the genera Rhodotorula and Sporobolomyces are opportunistic human pathogens.
The Mixiomycetes are a class of fungi in the Pucciniomycotina subdivision of the Basidiomycota. The class contains a single order, the Mixiales, which in turn contains a single family, the Mixiaceae that circumscribes the monotypic genus Mixia. Only one species has been described to date, Mixia osmundae; this species was originally named Taphrina osmundae by Japanese mycologist Toji Nishida in 1911. It is characterized by having multinucleate hyphae, and by producing multiple spores on sporogenous cells.
Pucciniomycetes is a diverse class of fungi in the subphylum Pucciniomycotina of phylum Basidiomycota. The class contains 5 orders, 21 families, 190 genera, and approximately 8,016 species. It has been estimated that this class contains about one third of all teleomorphic basidiomycetes. Pucciniomycetes contains many economically important plant pathogenic fungal rusts; the order Pucciniales is the largest clade in this class, representing approximately 7,000 species.
The Heterogastridiales are an order of fungi in the class Microbotryomycetes. The order contains a single family, the Heterogastridiaceae, which currently contains five genera. Some species in the order are currently known only from their yeast states. Those producing hyphal states have auricularioid basidia and are parasitic on other fungi. Basidiocarps, when present, are minute and variously stilboid (pin-shaped), pustular, or pycnidioid (flask-shaped). Molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences, has shown that the order is a monophyletic (natural) group, though the type and only species of Krieglsteinera has not yet been sequenced and may belong elsewhere.
The Leucosporidiales are an order of fungi in the class Microbotryomycetes. The order contains a single family, the Leucosporidiaceae, which in turn contains a single genus, Leucosporidium. The order comprises fungi that are mostly known from their yeast states, though some produce hyphal states in culture that give rise to teliospores from which auricularioid basidia emerge.
The Sporidiobolales are an order of fungi in the subdivision Pucciniomycotina. The order contains a single family, the Sporidiobolaceae, which currently contains three genera. Most species are known only from their yeast states. Hyphal states produce teliospores from which auricularioid basidia emerge, bearing basidiospores. Species occur worldwide and have been isolated from a wide variety of substrates. Two species, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and R. glutinis, have been known to cause disease in humans.
The Agaricostilbales are an order of fungi in the class Agaricostilbomycetes. The order consists of six families and 15 genera.
The Helicobasidiales are an order of fungi in the subdivision Pucciniomycotina. The order is currently monotypic, containing the single family Helicobasidiaceae which itself is monotypic, containing the single genus Helicobasidium. The anamorphic genus Tuberculina is a synonym of Helicobasidium, but species are not currently integrated in the latter genus.
Tritirachium oryzae is a fungus in the Basidiomycota often mistaken for a member of the Ascomycota. it is a mesophile linked recently with human pathogenicity in multiple, rare cases. This species produces airborne spores and is an endophyte of several plant species in North America, South America and in the Middle East.
Varidnaviria is a realm of viruses that includes all DNA viruses that encode major capsid proteins that contain a vertical jelly roll fold. The major capsid proteins (MCP) form into pseudohexameric subunits of the viral capsid, which stores the viral deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and are perpendicular, or vertical, to the surface of the capsid. Apart from this, viruses in the realm also share many other characteristics, such as minor capsid proteins (mCP) with the vertical jelly roll fold, an ATPase that packages viral DNA into the capsid, and a DNA polymerase that replicates the viral genome.
Parablepharismea is a class of free-living marine and brackish anaerobic ciliates that form a major clade of obligate anaerobes within the SAL group, together with the classes Muranotrichea and Armophorea.
Crittendenia is a genus of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungi in the monogeneric family Crittendeniaceae. The genus was circumscribed in 2021 to contain two species, C. lichenicola, and the type, C. coppinsii; these species were previously classified in the genus Chionosphaera. An additional 16 species were added to the genus the following year. The genus name honours British lichenologist Peter Crittenden.
The Spiculogloeomycetes are a class of fungi in the subdivision Pucciniomycotina of the Basidiomycota. The class consists of a single order, the Spiculogloeales, together with an additional, unassigned genus, Meniscomyces. Many species are currently known only from their yeast states. Species in the genus Spiculogloea form hyphal states that produce auricularioid basidia and are parasitic on other fungi.
