Elamkulam Manakkal Sankaran Namboodiripad, popularly known by his initials 'E. M. S.' was an Indian communist politician and theorist, who served as the first Chief Minister of Kerala in 1957–1959 and then again in 1967–1969. As a member of the Communist Party of India (CPI), he became the first non-Congress Chief Minister in the Indian republic. In 1964, he led a faction of the CPI that broke away to form the Communist Party of India (Marxist).
The Communist Party of India (Marxist) (abbreviated as CPI(M)/CPIM/CPM) is a communist political party in India. It is the largest communist party in India in terms of membership and electoral seats and one of the national parties of India. The 34 years of Left Front rule (where CPIM was the Largest Party) in West Bengal was the longest-serving democratically elected communist-led government in the world. It had been the third largest party of Parliament of India for many decades. The party emerged from a split in the CPI in 1964. As of 2023, CPI(M) is a part of ruling alliances in three states — the LDF in Kerala, Mahagathbandhan in Bihar, and the SPA in Tamil Nadu and CPIM has representation in the legislative assemblies of 8 states.
The Communist Party of India (CPI) is the oldest communist party in India. The CPI was founded in modern-day Kanpur on 26 December 1925.
The Left Democratic Front (LDF) also known as Left Front (Kerala) is an alliance of left-wing political parties in the state of Kerala, India. It is the current ruling political alliance of Kerala, since 2016. It is one of the two major political alliances in Kerala, the other being Indian National Congress-led United Democratic Front, each of which has been in power alternately for the last four decades. LDF has won the elections to the State Legislature of Kerala in the years 1980, 1987, 1996, 2006, 2016 and had a historic re-election in 2021 where an incumbent government was re-elected for first time in 40 years. LDF has won 6 out of 10 elections since the formation of the alliance in 1980. The alliance consists of CPI(M), CPI, KC(M), NCP, JD(S) and various smaller parties.
Chelat Achutha Menon was an Indian politician and lawyer who served as the 4th Chief Minister of Kerala from November 1969 to August 1970 and again from October 1970 to 1977. He is viewed as one of the most influential Chief Ministers of Kerala.
K. R. Gouri, born Kalathilparambil Raman Gouri, commonly known as Gouri Amma, was an Indian politician from Alappuzha in central Kerala. She was one of the most prominent leaders of the Left movement in India.
Kerala Socialist Party (KSP) is a political party in India founded under the leadership of Mathai Manjooran on 21 September 1947 at Kozhikode. It began as a small party, but its front-line leaders compelled the party deep into the public imagination. The party became part of the coalition that formed the first democratically elected communist government in the world after San Marino.
The government of Kerala is the Indian state of Kerala. The government is led by a chief minister, who selects all the other ministers. The chief minister and their most senior ministers belong to the supreme decision-making committee, known as the cabinet.
Kerala is an Indian state, where federal legislative power is vested in the unicameral Kerala Legislative Assembly. The multilateral system has, since 1956, been dominated by the several pre-poll and post-poll alliances.
Communism in India has existed as a social or political ideology as well as a political movement since at least as early as the 1920s. In its early years, communist ideology was harshly suppressed through legal prohibitions and criminal prosecutions. Eventually, communist parties became ensconced in national party politics, sprouting several political offshoots.
The third Front in Indian politics refers to various alliances formed by smaller parties at different points since 1989 to offer a third option to Indian voters, challenging the Indian National Congress (INC) and Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).
The Kerala Legislative Assembly election of 1967 was held to constitute the fourth assembly in Kerala. This election, which was held after the 1965 one ended up in no government formation, resulted in the newly formed United Front alliance forming the government, while the INC, this time contesting alone was reduced to just 9 seats. E. M. S. Namboothiripad was sworn in as the Chief Minister on 6 March 1967.
The Left Front is an alliance of left-wing political parties in the Indian state of West Bengal. It was formed in January 1977, the founding parties being the Communist Party of India (Marxist), All India Forward Bloc, the Revolutionary Socialist Party, the Marxist Forward Bloc, the Revolutionary Communist Party of India and the Biplabi Bangla Congress. Other parties joined in later years, most notably the Communist Party of India.
Sudhindranath Kumar was an Indian politician, belonging to the Revolutionary Communist Party of India. He served as general secretary of the party 1960–1984, represented Howrah Central constituency in the West Bengal Legislative Assembly and served as Food Minister of the state in 1969 and 1977–1982.
Next 2024Indian General elections are expected to be held in India by April and May 2024 to elect the members of the 18th Lok Sabha.
The elections in India in 1967 included the 1967 Indian general election and nine state legislative assembly elections.
T. Abdul Majeed was an Indian politician and leader of the Communist Party of India from Kerala. He was the Minister for Public Works in the first Kerala ministry headed by E. M. S. Namboodiripad. He represented Varkala constituency in 1st, 3rd, 4th and 5th Kerala Legislative Assemblies. He was also a member of the Travancore-Cochin Legislative Assembly in 1952 and 1954. He was the Chief Whip of the various ruling coalitions in Kerala from 1967 to 1977, which included the Saptakakshi Munnani or the Seven-party alliance, the subsequent ruling coalition led by CPI and the Aikya Munnani or United Front. He also worked in the editorial staff of Prabhatham, Malayala Rajiyam and Janayugom dailies. He had one son and three daughters-Nazir, Nazim, Nazira and Thankam.
United Front, known until 1971 as Mini Front (1970–1971) and as Maxi Front (1971–1979) thereafter, was a coalition of political parties in Kerala state, India, which was the ruling combine in the state from 1970 to 1979. The coalition was formed by five political parties immediately before the 1970 Kerala Legislative Assembly election. It saw the inclusion a few other parties in the following years.
The next Kerala legislative assembly election is scheduled to be held in May 2026 to elect all 140 members of the Kerala Legislative Assembly. Pinarayi Vijayan is the incumbent Chief Minister of Kerala.
