United States C-class submarine

Last updated
Uss C-3 1909.jpg
USS Tarpon (later C-3), 1909
Class overview
Builders
OperatorsFlag of the United States Navy (official).svg  United States Navy
Preceded by B class
Succeeded by D class
Built1906–1909
In commission1908–1919
Completed5
Retired5
General characteristics
Type Submarine
Displacement
  • 238 long tons (242 t) surfaced
  • 275 long tons (279 t) submerged
Length105 ft 4 in (32.11 m)
Beam13 ft 11 in (4.24 m)
Draft10 ft (3.0 m)
Propulsion
Speed
  • 10.5 knots (19.4 km/h; 12.1 mph) surfaced
  • 9 knots (17 km/h; 10 mph) submerged
Range800 nautical miles (1,500 km; 920 mi) (surfaced), 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) (submerged)
Test depth200 ft (61 m)
Complement15 (1 officer and 14 enlisted)
Armament2 × 18 in (457 mm) bow torpedo tubes, (4 torpedoes)

The C-class submarines were five United States Navy submarines built by the Fore River Shipbuilding Company in Quincy, Massachusetts, under a subcontract from the Electric Boat Company. Built between 1906 and 1909, and in commission from 1908 to 1919, all five were subsequently sold for scrap in 1920. They were considerably larger than the preceding B-class at 275 tons submerged vs. 173 tons submerged, and were the first United States submarines with two-shaft propulsion, doubling the machinery of the B class.

Contents

Design

The C-class boats were the first to be designed solely by Electric Boat's new chief designer Lawrence Spear. [3] They were the first USN submarines to have two propellers, a design trend that would last until 1953. [4] Electric Boat made the design available for export, and two boats (with rights for a third) were sold to the Austro-Hungarian Navy and commissioned as the U-5 class.

These vessels had features intended to increase underwater speed, including a small sail and a rotating cap over the torpedo tube muzzles. The streamlined, rotating torpedo tube muzzle cap eliminated the drag that muzzle holes would otherwise cause. In the stowed position, the submarine appears to have no torpedo tubes, as the holes in the cap are covered by the bow stem. With the exception of the L-class and the one-off M-1, this feature remained standard for submarines designed by the Electric Boat Company through the O-class, after which it was replaced with individual muzzle doors faired with shutters that remain standard through the modern day. [5]

For extended surface runs, the small sail was augmented with a temporary piping-and-canvas structure. Tactical doctrine for harbor defense submarines dictated that quick "crash dives" would not be necessary, thus the considerable time it took to dismantle this structure and stow it below was not considered a liability. [6] Experience in World War I showed that this was inadequate in the North Atlantic weather, and earlier submarines serving overseas in that war (E, K, and L-classes) had their bridge structures augmented with a "chariot" shield on the front of the bridge. Starting with the N-class, built with lessons learned from overseas experience, U.S. submarines had bridges more suited to surfaced operations in rough weather.

Service history

C-1, originally named Octopus, was built as a prototype by Electric Boat for demonstration in a 1906 competition with Simon Lake's submarine Simon Lake XV. Octopus won the trials, [7] and the Navy ordered four additional boats of the design. This accounts for the non-sequential hull numbers for the C-class.

The C-class submarines served in the Atlantic Fleet. On 20 May 1913, the five C-class boats of the First Group, Submarine Flotilla, Atlantic Fleet, departed Norfolk, Virginia for Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. They exercised in Cuban waters, principally conducting torpedo exercises, until 7 December 1913. On that date the C-class boats, now of the redesignated First Division, escorted by four surface ships, sailed for Cristóbal in the Panama Canal Zone. Five days later the ships completed the 700-mile (1,100 km) passage, at that time the longest cruise made by United States submarines under their own power. The submarines remained at the Coco Solo submarine base until they were decommissioned in 1919 and scrapped in 1920. [8]

Ships

See also

Related Research Articles

<i>Balao</i>-class submarine US Navy submarine class of World War II

The Balao class was a design of United States Navy submarine used during World War II, and with 120 boats completed, the largest class of submarines in the United States Navy. An improvement on the earlier Gato class, the boats had slight internal differences. The most significant improvement was the use of thicker, higher yield strength steel in the pressure hull skins and frames, which increased their test depth to 400 feet (120 m). Tang actually achieved a depth of 612 ft (187 m) during a test dive, and exceeded that test depth when taking on water in the forward torpedo room while evading a destroyer.

V-boat Group of U.S. Navy submarines and classes derived from them

The V-boats were a group of nine United States Navy submarines built between World War I and World War II from 1921 to 1934 under authorization as the "fleet boat" program.

<i>Plunger</i>-class submarine United States Navy submarine class

The Plunger class was an early class of United States Navy submarines. In the first years of their service, they were used primarily as training and experimental vessels for the newly formed "silent service" to familiarize naval personnel with the performance and operations of such craft. They were known as the "A class" after being renamed to A-type designations on 17 November 1911. All except Plunger ended up being stationed in the Philippines, an American possession, prior to the outbreak of World War I. They were shipped there on colliers and formed an integral part of the harbor defense system for Manila. In some instances, this class of submarines is referred to as the Adder class, as USS Adder was the first boat of the class to be completed.

USS <i>Adder</i> Plunger-class submarine of the United States

USS Adder, later renamed A-2, was one of seven Plunger-class submarines built for the United States Navy (USN) in the first decade of the 20th century.

USS <i>Moccasin</i> (SS-5) Plunger-class submarine of the United States

USS Moccasin (SS-5) was one of seven Plunger-class submarines built for the United States Navy (USN) in the first decade of the 20th century.

<i>AA-1</i>-class submarine Class of three experimental submarines of the United States Navy,

The AA-1 class was a class of three experimental submarines of the United States Navy, built toward the end of World War I, between 1916 and 1919, intended to produce a high-speed fleet submarine. The design was not a success and none of the submarines saw active service. However, the lessons learned were applied to the design of the later V-boats. The class was later renamed as the T class.

USS <i>C-1</i> C-class submarine of the United States

USS C-1 (SS-9) was the lead ship of her class of submarines built for the United States Navy in the first decade of the 20th century.

USS <i>C-2</i> C-class submarine of the United States

USS C-2 (SS-13) was one of five C-class submarines built for the United States Navy in the first decade of the 20th century.

USS <i>C-4</i> C-class submarine of the United States

USS C-4 (SS-15) one of five C-class submarines built for the United States Navy in the first decade of the 20th century.

USS <i>C-3</i> C-class submarine of the United States

USS C-3 (SS-14) was one of five C-class submarines built for the United States Navy in the first decade of the 20th century.

USS <i>C-5</i> C-class submarine of the United States

USS C-5 (SS-16) was one of five C-class submarines built for the United States Navy in the first decade of the 20th century.

USS <i>B-2</i> B-class submarine of the United States

USS B-2 (SS-11) was one of three B-class submarines built for the United States Navy in the first decade of the 20th century.

United States F-class submarine United States Navy submarine class

The F-class submarines were a group of four submarines designed for the United States Navy by Electric Boat in 1909. F-1 and F-2 were built by Union Iron Works in San Francisco, while F-3 and F-4 were built by The Moran Company in Seattle, Washington.

United States B-class submarine United States Navy submarine class

The B-class submarines were three United States Navy submarines built by the Fore River Shipbuilding Company in Quincy, Massachusetts, under a subcontract from the Electric Boat Company. They were eventually stationed in the Philippines, an American possession, beginning in 1912–15. They were shipped there on colliers. All three were stricken and expended as targets 1919–22.

United States D-class submarine United States Navy submarine class

The United States D-class submarines were a trio of submarines built for the United States Navy in the first decade of the 20th century. All three ships served during World War I providing training for crews and officers on the U.S. East Coast, before the class was decommissioned and sold for scrap in 1922.

The G-class submarines were a class of four United States Navy submarines. While the four G boats were nominally all of a class, they differed enough in significant details that they are sometimes considered to be four unique boats, each in a class by herself. They were the result of agitation for competition in submarine design; all previous US submarines were designed by Electric Boat. G-1, G-2, and G-3 were designed by Simon Lake of the Lake Torpedo Boat Company, while G-4 was designed by American Laurenti. G-1 and G-2 were built by Newport News, G-3 by Lake, and G-4 by Cramp.

United States E-class submarine United States Navy submarine class

The E-class submarines were a class of two United States Navy submarines, built by the Fore River Shipbuilding Company of Quincy, Massachusetts, under a subcontract from the Electric Boat Company. They were used as coastal and harbor defense submarines prior to World War I. When hostilities broke out, the E class were mostly used as training boats; however, E-1 operated on war patrols based in the Azores. During this time, the need for an improved permanent bridge structure was discovered; the temporary piping-and-canvas bridges were inadequate in the North Atlantic.

United States H-class submarine United States Navy submarine class

The United States H-class submarines were Electric Boat design EB26A and EB26R design coastal patrol submarines used by the United States Navy.

United States K-class submarine United States Navy submarine class

The K-class submarines were a class of eight submarines of the United States Navy, serving between 1914 and 1923, including World War I. They were designed by Electric Boat and were built by other yards under subcontracts. K-1, K-2, K-5, and K-6 were built by Fore River Shipyard in Quincy, Massachusetts, K-3, K-7, and K-8 by Union Iron Works in San Francisco, and K-4 by The Moran Company in Seattle, Washington. All were decommissioned in 1923 and scrapped in 1931 to comply with the limits of the London Naval Treaty.

<i>U-5</i>-class submarine (Austria-Hungary) Austro-Hungarian Navy submarines during WWI

The U-5 class was a class of three submarines or U-boats that were operated by the Austro-Hungarian Navy before and during World War I. The class was a part of the Austro-Hungarian Navy's efforts to competitively evaluate three foreign submarine designs.

References

Citations

  1. PigBoats.COM Submarine Specifications page
  2. Gardiner, p. 127
  3. Friedman, p. 46
  4. PigBoats.COM C-class Notes section
  5. Friedman, p. 75-97
  6. Friedman pp. 43 & 149
  7. Friedman, p. 48
  8. "C-5". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships . Navy Department, Naval History and Heritage Command . Retrieved 17 July 2010.
  9. "Octopus / C-1 (SS-12)". navsource.org. Retrieved 17 July 2010.
  10. "Stingray / C-2 (SS-13)". navsource.org. Retrieved 17 July 2010.
  11. "Tarpon / C-3 (SS-14)". navsource.org. Retrieved 17 July 2010.
  12. "Bonita / C-4 (SS-15)". navsource.org. Retrieved 17 July 2010.
  13. "Snapper / C-5 (SS-16)". navsource.org. Retrieved 17 July 2010.

Sources

Commons-logo.svg Media related to C class submarines of the United States at Wikimedia Commons