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The politics of Zimbabwe occurs in a society deeply divided along lines of race, ethnicity, gender and geography. The ZANU–PF party has historically been dominant in Zimbabwe politics. The party, which was led by Robert Mugabe from 1980 to 2017, has used the powers of the state to intimidate, imprison and otherwise hobble political opposition in Zimbabwe, as well as use state funds and state media to advance the interests of the party.
A farm is an area of land that is devoted primarily to agricultural processes with the primary objective of producing food and other crops; it is the basic facility in food production. The name is used for specialized units such as arable farms, vegetable farms, fruit farms, dairy, pig and poultry farms, and land used for the production of natural fiber, biofuel, and other commodities. It includes ranches, feedlots, orchards, plantations and estates, smallholdings, and hobby farms, and includes the farmhouse and agricultural buildings as well as the land. In modern times, the term has been extended so as to include such industrial operations as wind farms and fish farms, both of which can operate on land or at sea.
Land reform in Zimbabwe officially began in 1980 with the signing of the Lancaster House Agreement, as a program to redistribute farmland from white Zimbabweans to black Zimbabweans as an effort by the ZANU-PF government to give more control over the country's extensive farmlands to the black African majority. Before the implementation of these policies, the distribution of land in what was then known as Rhodesia saw a population of 4,400 white Rhodesians owning 51% of the country's land while 4.3 million black Rhodesians owned 42%, with the remainder being non-agricultural land. The discrepancy of this distribution, as well as the overall dominance of the white population in the newly-independent but largely unrecognized Rhodesian state was challenged by the black nationalist organizations ZANU and ZAPU in the Rhodesian Bush War. At the establishment of the modern Zimbabwean state in 1980 after the bush war, the Lancaster House Agreement held a clause that prohibited forced transfer of land, this resulted in changes in land distribution from the willing sale or transfer by owners being minor until 2000, when the government of Robert Mugabe began a more aggressive policy.
Mashonaland East, informally Mash East, is a province of Zimbabwe. It has an area of 32,230 km2 and a population of approximately 1.73 million (2022). Marondera is the capital of the province.
Masvingo, previously named Victoria, is a province in southeastern Zimbabwe. It has a population of 1.638 million as of the 2022 census, ranking fifth out of Zimbabwe's ten provinces. Established by the British South Africa Company, it was one of the five original provinces of Southern Rhodesia. In 1982, two years after Zimbabwean independence, it was renamed Masvingo Province. The province is divided into seven districts, including Masvingo District, which contains the provincial capital Masvingo City.
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Chatsworth is a small settlement in the Masvingo Province of Zimbabwe. It is located about 58 km north of Masvingo on the Masvingo-Gweru railway line. The settlement started in 1911 as a railway station. It administered under the Gutu Rural District Council.
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Mberengwa, originally known as Belingwe, is a district in Midlands province in Zimbabwe. The district is now divided into sub-districts: Mberengwa North, East, West and South. It is bounded by Gwanda in Mberengwa west, and by Zvishavane in its northern zone, to the south it stretches to Neshuro, Chikombedzi and bounded by Manyuchi dam.
Dancing in Zimbabwe is an important aspect of the Zimbabwean culture, tradition, spirituality and history. There are many dances that reflect the culture of the people, although the dances may have changed throughout the years. Ethnic diversity is also a key factor in influencing the dances of the Zimbabwean culture. These dances are self-reflective, for the entire community because all music and dance are communal events. Dance to Zimbabweans is a very spiritual, powerful tool that carries on traditions, and chronicles the important events of their history and culture.
Umguza is a district in the southern part of Matabeleland North province in Zimbabwe. It was formerly known as Esiphezini District.
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According to a study done by the National Work to Fight Desertification program, over 60 percent of the land in Lebanon is at risk of desertification. According to The World Bank, the country's arable land, having reached 23.5% of the country's territory during the years 1971–1973, fell to 11.1% in 2010 and, as of 2021, had risen to just 13.6%. Lebanon's land desertification spreads 60 kilometers, beginning at the edge of the city Baalbek and continuing to its border with Syria. Most studies on desertification in Lebanon have concluded that the area of northern Bekaa is the region most affected by this environmental issue.
Kotwa is a small town in Mudzi District, Mashonaland East province, Zimbabwe. It is the capital of the district, serving as its administrative and commercial centre.
Mbende Jerusarema dance is a prominent dance style among the Zezuru Shona of eastern Zimbabwe, particularly in the Murewa and Uzumba-Maramba-Pfungwe districts. Traditional dances and performances, such as Jerusarema, are still vital living traditions in Zimbabwe, performed in a variety of settings and respected by local communities. Traditional dances are done for a variety of reasons, including entertainment, ritual, festivals, and memorial and celebration. The Shona used Jerusarema as a battle dance and a diversionary technique during military encounters, according to popular belief. Weddings, festivities, recreational competitions, funerals, and political meetings are all occasions for Jerusarema to be performed.
Masvingo Urban is a constituency represented in the National Assembly of the Parliament of Zimbabwe, comprising the city of Masvingo and surrounding residential areas. It was created ahead of the 2008 election with territory taken from the Masvingo Central constituency. Its current MP since the 2023 election is Martin Mureri of the Citizens Coalition for Change. Previously, the constituency was represented by Jacob Nyokanhete of the Movement for Democratic Change Alliance following the 2018 election.
References
- ↑ Davies, D. Hywel & Wheeler, R. G. "Zimbabwe Administrative Areas (as used for the basis of the Enumeration Areas for the Population Census of 1982)". Central Statistical Office, the Department of the Surveyor-General, Zimbabwe. Archived from the original on 18 March 2007.
- ↑ Marambanyika, Thomas; Mutekwa, Timothy; Mutsiwegota, Cuthbert & Matsa, Mark (2010). "Contribution of Vegetable Farming to Househols Food Security and Rural Livelihoods in Uzumba Maramba Pfungwe Communal Lands of Zimbabwe" (PDF). Social Sciences. 6. Zimbabwe: 88–98, page 89. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 April 2014.
- 1 2 "Uzumba Constituency Profile" (PDF). Parliament of Zimbabwe. 2011. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 April 2014.
- ↑ "Maramba Pfungwe Constituency Profile" (PDF). Parliament of Zimbabwe. 2011. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 April 2014.
- ↑ Tafirenyika, Mugove (6 October 2013). "UMP: The forgotten hamlet". The Daily News. Harare, Zimbabwe. Archived from the original on 16 April 2014.
- ↑ "Jerusarema Dance: Intangible heritage: UNESCO Multimedia Archives". UNESCO. Archived from the original on 19 April 2014.
