Kariba, Zimbabwe

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Kariba
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Kariba
Coordinates: 16°31′S28°48′E / 16.517°S 28.800°E / -16.517; 28.800
CountryFlag of Zimbabwe.svg  Zimbabwe
Province Mashonaland West
District Kariba District
Population
 (2022 census) [1]
 • Total27,600
Time zone UTC+2 (CAT)
Area code 061
Climate Aw

Kariba is a resort town in Mashonaland West province, Zimbabwe, located close to the Kariba Dam at the north-eastern end of Lake Kariba, near the Zambian border. According to the 2022 Population Census, the town had a population of 27,600. [1]

Contents

Located in the Zambezi Valley, Kariba is well known for its balmy climate and proximity to Lake Kariba, that draws in thousands of tourists all year round.

History

The pre-colonial population of the area were Tonga. [2]

The town was established to house workers who were constructing the dam in the mid to late 1950s and was constructed by the contractor Costain. [3] After the completion of the dam wall and the power station (Kariba South Power Station) quite a few impressive monuments were built in the early 1960s i.e. the Roman Catholic church located at the Kariba Heights(St Barbara) and next to it the Pat McClean Theatre named after Patricia McClean a well known wealthy resident of Kariba Heights.

Geography

Kariba is located on Lake Kariba, a reservoir created by Kariba Dam on the Zambezi River. [4] Kariba has three main suburbs: Mahombekombe, the older poorer lakeshore high density suburb, Nyamhunga the newer high density suburb and Kariba Heights, the wealthier hilltop suburb and location of the Operation Noah monument. As the name suggests the heights overlook the surrounding region and offer impressive views of Lake Kariba and the opposite lakeshore to the south.

The town has road links connecting it to Harare and to the border of Zambia. It is serviced by Kariba Airport, and has ferry service to Victoria Falls via Mlibizi Fishing camp.

Economy

Kariba town is the centre of the tourist industry for the Lake Kariba region. [5] Kariba town provides accommodation in various hotels and lodges. There are two casinos in the town. Many of the attractions in Kariba for the tourist are water-based. Fishing, game-viewing and house-boating are the most popular activities. Tourists also visit the Kariba Dam wall and local crocodile farms. [6]

The Zimbabwe Electricity Supply Authority ZESA employs workers in the hydroelectric power station. Kapenta fishing is also an important industry, [7] though it was affected by the nation-wide fuel shortages, [8] [9] and in the 2010s by drought. [10]

ZB Bank Limited, a commercial bank, maintains a branch in Kariba. [11]

Challenges

In the twenty-first century, the town of Kariba faced many of the nation-wide problems brought on by the depressed national economy, including lack of foreign currency. [12] [13] The town had difficulty in revenue collection. [12] [14] As a result, its fleet did not receive proper maintenance nor replacements, which was also true of its water and sewage system, which suffered chronic pump breakdowns. [12] [13] Kariba also continued to have a large number of unoccupied housing units, left over from the construction boom, units which generated no income. [12]

The restructuring of industry in the early nineties, followed by Zimbabwe economic crisis in the 2000s, greatly impacted Kariba's tourist potential. Many former visitors and residents were involved in trade and agriculture and the impact of the country's crisis led to a decline in domestic tourism as much of the middle class, who were the mainstay of Kariba's tourism industry began to emigrate. In addition a lack of investment in the city's airport and infrastructure has saw the city fall behind to nearby destinations such as Livingstone and Victoria Falls, which offer easy access to Johannesburg, Dubai and London. Once ubiquitous, South African tourists increasingly prefer cheaper and more accessible destinations like Mauritius, Tofo Beach and Pemba. As a result, its population has stagnated to fewer than 30,000 inhabitants today. [15]

Another challenge to the town, is the increasingly outdated infrastructure, particularly Kariba Dam. Years of under-investment threaten the longevity of the dam and its ability to generate power, posing a challenge to the economies of Zambia and Zimbabwe. [15]

Climate

Climate data for Kariba (1961–1990)
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Average high °C (°F)31.0
(87.8)		30.8
(87.4)		31.2
(88.2)		30.5
(86.9)		28.5
(83.3)		26.3
(79.3)		26.3
(79.3)		28.9
(84.0)		32.9
(91.2)		35.1
(95.2)		33.9
(93.0)		31.3
(88.3)		30.6
(87.1)
Average low °C (°F)21.8
(71.2)		21.4
(70.5)		20.7
(69.3)		18.5
(65.3)		14.3
(57.7)		11.2
(52.2)		11.1
(52.0)		13.9
(57.0)		19.1
(66.4)		23.2
(73.8)		23.4
(74.1)		22.1
(71.8)		18.4
(65.1)
Average rainfall mm (inches)191.6
(7.54)		157.7
(6.21)		112.5
(4.43)		30.0
(1.18)		4.2
(0.17)		1.0
(0.04)		0.6
(0.02)		0.1
(0.00)		0.6
(0.02)		17.8
(0.70)		74.4
(2.93)		175.0
(6.89)		765.5
(30.14)
Average rainy days161310310000271466
Source: World Meteorological Organization [16]

Kariba has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen climate classification Aw), with warm winters and very hot summers, and a marked drier season in the winter. Although it is relatively cooler than typical tropical places in the winter and does get occasional 5 °C (41 °F) lows, Kariba nevertheless meets the minimum requirements to be in the savanna climate zone, making it one of few locations in Zimbabwe within this classification. The city's low elevation by Zimbabwean standards, lakeside location, northern locality, and proximity to the Intertropical Convergence Zone shape its climate. Average winter high temperatures, from May to August, range from 24.7 to 26.8 °C (76.4 to 80.3 °F). July is the coolest month with an average daily temperature of 20.1 °C (68.2 °F). Low temperatures fall below 10 °C (50 °F) about 10–15 nights during the winter season, after the passage of cold fronts from the south east that may sometimes produce winter precipitation. [17]

Education

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kariba Dam</span> Dam in Zambia, Zimbabwe

The Kariba Dam is a double curvature concrete arch dam in the Kariba Gorge of the Zambezi river basin between Zambia and Zimbabwe. The dam stands 128 metres (420 ft) tall and 579 metres (1,900 ft) long. The dam forms Lake Kariba, which extends for 280 kilometres (170 mi) and holds 185 cubic kilometres (150,000,000 acre⋅ft) of water.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zambezi</span> Major river in southern Africa

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Victoria Falls</span> Waterfall on the Zambezi River in Zambia and Zimbabwe

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lake Kariba</span> Reservoir in Zimbabwe

Lake Kariba is the world's largest artificial lake and reservoir by volume. It lies 1,300 kilometres (810 mi) upstream from the Indian Ocean, along the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe. Lake Kariba was filled between 1958 and 1963 following the completion of the Kariba Dam at its northeastern end, flooding the Kariba Gorge on the Zambezi River.

Matusadona National Park is a national park in northern Zimbabwe situated on the southern shore of Lake Kariba. The park takes its name from the local Matuzviadonha Hills.

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Victoria Falls, popularly known as Vic Falls, is a resort town and city in the province of Matabeleland North, Zimbabwe. It lies on the southern bank of the Zambezi River at the western end of Victoria Falls themselves. According to the 2022 Population Census, the town had a population of 35,199.

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The Chirundu Bridge now consists of two road bridges side by side across the Zambezi River between the small town of Chirundu, Zambia and the village of Chirundu, Zimbabwe. At this location around 65 km downstream from the Kariba Dam the river is about 400 m wide. The bridges were once seen as part of a Cape to Cairo Road and thus are on the Harare to Lusaka section of the route.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tonga people (Zambia and Zimbabwe)</span> Ethnic group of Zambia, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kariba Gorge</span>

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Operation Noah was a wildlife rescue operation on the Zambezi River, lasting from 1958 to 1964. In the late 1950s, North and South Rhodesia constructed the Kariba Dam hydroelectric power station across the Zambezi River, at the Kariba Gorge, about 400 km from Victoria Falls. The Kariba Dam mostly provided electric power to both countries, created Lake Kariba, the world's largest man-made lake, and flooded the Kariba Gorge - home to thousands of native animals and the local Tonga people. In a wildlife rescue operation lasting 5 years, over 6000 animals were rescued and relocated to the mainland.

The University of Zimbabwe Lake Kariba Research Station is a research station in the Nyamhunga suburb of Kariba. It is operated by the University of Zimbabwe. Station staff have published research on topics such as fish diets and population dynamics and climate change.

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References

  1. 1 2 Citypopulation.de Population of cities & urban localities in Zimbabwe
  2. ↑ Colson, Elizabeth (1971). The social consequences of resettlement: The impact of the Kariba resettlement upon the Gwembe Tonga. Human problems of Kariba, No. 4. Manchester, England: Manchester University Press on behalf of the Institute for African Studies, University of Zambia. ISBN   978-0-7190-1033-0.
  3. ↑ van der Lingen, M. I. (1973). "Lake Kariba: Early History and South Shore". In Ackermann, William C.; White, Gilbert F.; Worthington, E. Barton (eds.). Man‐Made Lakes: Their Problems and Environmental Effects. Geophysical Monograph Series, volume 17. Washington, D.C.: American Geophysical Union. pp. 132–142. doi:10.1029/GM017p0132. ISBN   978-0-87590-017-9.
  4. ↑ Balon, Eugene K.; Coche, André G., eds. (2012). Lake Kariba: A man-made tropical ecosystem in Central Africa. Monographiae biologicae, volume 24. Dordrecht: Springer Verlag. ISBN   978-94-010-2334-4., reprint of the 1974 edition published by W. Junk.
  5. ↑ Kawadza, Sydney (24 September 2018). "Resort areas must be accessible: VP Chiwenga". The Herald. Harare, Zimbabwe. Archived from the original on 24 September 2018.
  6. ↑ Revol, Brigitte (1995). "Crocodile farming and conservation, the example of Zimbabwe". Biodiversity and Conservation. 4 (3): 299–305. doi:10.1007/BF00055975. S2CID   22195489.
  7. ↑ Marshall, B. E.; Junor, F. J. R.; Langerman, J. D. (1982). Fisheries and fish production on the Zimbabwean side of Lake Kariba. Kariba studies, no. 10. Salisbury, Rhodesia: Trustees of the National Museums of Rhodesia., reprinted by the Trustees of the National Museums and Monuments of Zimbabwe.
  8. ↑ Dziva, Byron (10 July 2007). "Fuel shortage brings Zimbabwe to halt". The Telegraph . Archived from the original on 27 January 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2018.
  9. ↑ "Fuel shortage rocks Zim". Newsday. 6 September 2018. Archived from the original on 7 September 2018.
  10. ↑ Mugano, Farai (9 April 2016). "Hunger, power cuts in Zimbabwe, Zambia as lake hits record low". Science X. Archived from the original on 12 April 2016.
  11. ↑ ZB Bank Limited Opened Kariba Branch In 2012
  12. 1 2 3 4 Chirinda, John Tafadzwa (25 September 2018). "Richard Kamhoti confirmed by Kariba". Bulawayo 24 News. Archived from the original on 25 September 2018.
  13. 1 2 Mangirazi, Nhau (6 September 2018). "Kariba town runs dry". Newsday. Harae, Zimbabwe. Archived from the original on 25 September 2018.
  14. ↑ Murwira, John (17 May 2018). "Kariba $11m debt". The Herald. Harare, Zimbabwe. Archived from the original on 16 June 2018.
  15. 1 2 Leslie, Jacques (2 February 2016). "One of Africa's Biggest Dams is Falling Apart". The New Yorker.
  16. ↑ "World Weather Information Service – Kariba". World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 13 May 2016.
  17. ↑ "Kariba climate info | what's the weather like in Kariba, Zimbabwe".
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