Vexillum (gastropod)

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Vexillum
Vexillum taeniatum 002.jpg
An apertural view of a shell of Vexillum taeniatum
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Caenogastropoda
Order: Neogastropoda
Superfamily: Turbinelloidea
Family: Costellariidae
Genus: Vexillum
Röding, 1798
Type species
Vexillum plicatum
Röding, 1798
Synonyms [1]
  • ArenimitraIredale, 1929
  • CallitheaSwainson, 1840 (invalid: junior homonym of CallitheaFeisthamel, 1835; Pulchritima is a replacement name)
  • CostellariaSwainson, 1840
  • Mitra (Callithea)Swainson, 1840
  • Mitra (Costellaria) Swainson, 1840
  • Mitra (Harpaeformis)Lesson, 1842
  • Mitra (Tiara) Swainson, 1831
  • Mitra (Turricula) H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853
  • Mitra (Uromitra) ·
  • Mitra (Vulpecula)Blainville, 1824
  • MitropifexIredale, 1929
  • PulchritimaIredale, 1929
  • PusiolinaCossmann, 1921
  • TiaraSwainson, 1831
  • Tiara (Callithea) Swainson, 1840 (original rank)
  • Tiara (Costellaria) Swainson, 1840
  • TurriculaFabricius, 1823 non Schumacher, 1817
  • TurriculaH. Adams & A. Adams, 1853
  • Turricula (Callithea)Swainson, 1840 ·
  • Turricula (Costellaria) Swainson, 1840
  • †Turricula (Uromitra) Bellardi, 1887
  • Turricula (Vulpecula)Blainville, 1824
  • UromitraBellardi, 1887
  • Vexillum (Costellaria) Swainson, 1840
  • †Vexillum (Uromitra) Bellardi, 1888
  • Vexillum (Vexillum) Röding, 1798
  • VulpeculaBlainville, 1824
  • ZierlianaGray, 1847

Vexillum is a genus of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Costellariidae. [1]

Contents

This genus is not monophyletic. The genus Vexillum contains about 80% of costellariid diversity. [2] It is considered a "dumping ground" for an array of unrelated forms. [3]

Description

The shell is elongated, turreted, longitudinally ribbed or plicate. The spire is acuminated and the aperture is narrow. The columella shows numerous plaits while the outer lip is internally striated. [4]

Vexillum species produce complex venoms dominated by highly diversified short cysteine-rich peptides, vexitoxins, related to conotoxins. [5]

Distribution

This genus is cosmopolitan and occurs in tropical and temperate seas, but primarily in shallow waters (but also at bathyal depths) of the tropical Indo-Pacific.

Species

Species within the genus Vexillum include: [1]

Taxa inquirenda

Synonyms

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References

  1. 1 2 3 Vexillum Röding, 1798 . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species  on 21 January 2011.
  2. ↑ Fedosov, Alexander E., et al. "Phylogeny, systematics, and evolution of the family Costellariidae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda)." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 179.3 (2017): 541-626.
  3. ↑ Cernohorsky WO. 1966. A study of mitrid radulae and a tentative generic arrangement of the family Mitridae. The Veliger 9: 101–126
  4. ↑ Adams, H. & Adams, A. (1853-1858). The genera of Recent Mollusca; arranged according to their organization. London, van Voorst. Vol. 1: xl + 484 pp.; vol. 2: 661 pp.; vol. 3: 138 pls
  5. ↑ Kuznetsova, Ksenia G., Zvonareva, Sofia S., Ziganshin, Rustam, Mekhova, Elena S., Dgebuadze, Polina, Yen, Dinh T. H., Nguyen, Thanh H. T., Moshkovskii, Sergei A., Fedosov, Alexander E. - Vexitoxins: conotoxin-like venom peptides from predatory gastropods of the genus Vexillum; Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 8/10/2022, Vol. 289 Issue 1980, p1-10. 10p.
  6. ↑ Salisbury R., Gori S. (2012). A new Costellarid species (Gastropoda: Costellariidae) from Taiwan. Visaya 3 (5): 57-60.
  7. ↑ Marine Mollusks of Hawaii VIII-XIII. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 72: 296-328
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