Vexillum (gastropod)

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Vexillum
Vexillum taeniatum 002.jpg
An apertural view of a shell of Vexillum taeniatum
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Caenogastropoda
Order: Neogastropoda
Superfamily: Turbinelloidea
Family: Costellariidae
Genus: Vexillum
Röding, 1798
Type species
Vexillum plicatum
Röding, 1798
Synonyms [1]
  • ArenimitraIredale, 1929
  • CallitheaSwainson, 1840 (invalid: junior homonym of CallitheaFeisthamel, 1835; Pulchritima is a replacement name)
  • CostellariaSwainson, 1840
  • Mitra (Callithea)Swainson, 1840
  • Mitra (Costellaria) Swainson, 1840
  • Mitra (Harpaeformis)Lesson, 1842
  • Mitra (Tiara) Swainson, 1831
  • Mitra (Turricula) H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853
  • Mitra (Uromitra) ·
  • Mitra (Vulpecula)Blainville, 1824
  • MitropifexIredale, 1929
  • PulchritimaIredale, 1929
  • PusiolinaCossmann, 1921
  • TiaraSwainson, 1831
  • Tiara (Callithea) Swainson, 1840 (original rank)
  • Tiara (Costellaria) Swainson, 1840
  • TurriculaFabricius, 1823 non Schumacher, 1817
  • TurriculaH. Adams & A. Adams, 1853
  • Turricula (Callithea)Swainson, 1840 ·
  • Turricula (Costellaria) Swainson, 1840
  • †Turricula (Uromitra) Bellardi, 1887
  • Turricula (Vulpecula)Blainville, 1824
  • UromitraBellardi, 1887
  • Vexillum (Costellaria) Swainson, 1840
  • †Vexillum (Uromitra) Bellardi, 1888
  • Vexillum (Vexillum) Röding, 1798
  • VulpeculaBlainville, 1824
  • ZierlianaGray, 1847

Vexillum is a genus of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Costellariidae. [1]

Contents

This genus is not monophyletic. The genus Vexillum contains about 80% of costellariid diversity. [2] It is considered a "dumping ground" for an array of unrelated forms. [3]

Description

The shell is elongated, turreted, longitudinally ribbed or plicate. The spire is acuminated. The aperture is narrow. The columella shows numerous plaits. The outer lip is internally striated. [4]

Vexillum species produce complex venoms dominated by highly diversified short cysteine-rich peptides, vexitoxins, related to conotoxins. [5]

Distribution

This genus is cosmopolitan and occurs in tropical and temperate seas, but primarily in shallow waters (but also at bathyal depths) of the tropical Indo-Pacific.

Species

Species within the genus Vexillum include: [1]

Taxa inquirenda

Synonyms

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Costellariidae</span> Family of sea snails

Costellariidae sometimes called the "ribbed miters" is a taxonomic family of minute to medium-sized predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks. This family of snails is also sometimes referred to as Vexillum miters. The main family of miter shells however is Mitridae, a closely related group.

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<i>Pusia</i> Genus of gastropods

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<i>Ziba</i> (gastropod) Genus of gastropods

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<i>Clavus</i> (gastropod) Genus of gastropods

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<i>Nebularia</i> Genus of gastropods

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<i>Gemmulimitra</i> Genus of gastropods

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<i>Quasimitra</i> Genus of gastropods

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<i>Pseudonebularia</i> Genus of gastropods

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References

  1. 1 2 3 Vexillum Röding, 1798 . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species  on 21 January 2011.
  2. ↑ Fedosov, Alexander E., et al. "Phylogeny, systematics, and evolution of the family Costellariidae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda)." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 179.3 (2017): 541-626.
  3. ↑ Cernohorsky WO. 1966. A study of mitrid radulae and a tentative generic arrangement of the family Mitridae. The Veliger 9: 101–126
  4. ↑ Adams, H. & Adams, A. (1853-1858). The genera of Recent Mollusca; arranged according to their organization. London, van Voorst. Vol. 1: xl + 484 pp.; vol. 2: 661 pp.; vol. 3: 138 pls
  5. ↑ Kuznetsova, Ksenia G., Zvonareva, Sofia S., Ziganshin, Rustam, Mekhova, Elena S., Dgebuadze, Polina, Yen, Dinh T. H., Nguyen, Thanh H. T., Moshkovskii, Sergei A., Fedosov, Alexander E. - Vexitoxins: conotoxin-like venom peptides from predatory gastropods of the genus Vexillum; Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 8/10/2022, Vol. 289 Issue 1980, p1-10. 10p.
  6. ↑ Salisbury R., Gori S. (2012). A new Costellarid species (Gastropoda: Costellariidae) from Taiwan. Visaya 3 (5): 57-60.
  7. ↑ Marine Mollusks of Hawaii VIII-XIII. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 72: 296-328
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