Walther PP

Last updated

Walther PP
1972 Walther PP.jpg
Original Walther PP pistol
Type Semi-automatic pistol
Place of origin Germany [1]
Service history
In service1929–present
Used bySee Users
Wars
Production history
Designer Carl Walther Waffenfabrik
Designed1929
Manufacturer Carl Walther GmbH Sportwaffen
Produced1929–present
VariantsSee Variants
Specifications
Mass
  • 675 g (23.8 oz) (.22 LR)
  • 660 g (23 oz) (.32 ACP)
  • 665 g (23.5 oz) (.380 ACP)
  • 850 g (30 oz) (9×18mm Ultra)
Length170 mm (6.7 in)
Barrel  length
  • 98 mm (3.9 in)
Width30 mm (1.2 in)
Height109 mm (4.3 in)
Cartridge
Action Straight blowback
Muzzle velocity
  • 305 m/s (1,000.7 ft/s) (.22 LR)
  • 320 m/s (1,049.9 ft/s) (.32 ACP)
  • 256 m/s (840 ft/s) (.380 ACP)
  • 320 m/s (1,050 ft/s) (9×18mm Ultra)
Feed system Magazine capacity:
  • 10 (.22 LR)
  • 8 (.32 ACP)
  • 7 (.380 ACP and 9×18mm Ultra)
SightsFixed iron sights, rear notch and front blade

The Walther PP (German : Polizeipistole, or police pistol) series pistols are blowback-operated semi-automatic pistols, developed by the German arms manufacturer Carl Walther GmbH Sportwaffen. [9]

Contents

It features an exposed hammer, a double-action trigger mechanism, [10] a single-column magazine, and a fixed barrel that also acts as the guide rod for the recoil spring. The series includes the Walther PP, PPK, PPK/S, and PPK/E models. The Walther TPH pocket pistol is a smaller calibre pistol introduced in 1971 which is identical in handling and operation to the PPK.

Various PP series are manufactured in Germany, France and the United States. [11] In the past, the PPK version was manufactured by Walther in its own factory in Germany, as well as under licenses by Manurhin in France; Interarms in Virginia, and by Smith & Wesson in Maine. Since 2018, PPK and PPK/S models have been built at the factory of US-based subsidiary Walther Arms, Inc. [12] [13]

The PP and the PPK were among the world's first successful double action semi-automatic pistols. The PPK and PP are still manufactured by Walther, but the PP went out of production between 1999 and 2024 [14] and have been widely copied. The design inspired other pistols, among them the Soviet Makarov, the Hungarian FEG PA-63, the Czechoslovakian Vz. 50, the American Accu-Tek AT-380 II, and the Argentine Bersa Thunder 380. The PP and PPK were popular with both European police and civilians for being reliable and concealable. During World War II, they were issued to the German military (officers), including the Luftwaffe, as well as the uniformed Ordnungspolizei and plainclothes detectives of the Kriminalpolizei. [1]

PP series

Walther PP .32 made in Germany in 1968 Pp wicki.jpg
Walther PP .32 made in Germany in 1968

The original PP was released in 1929. [1] It was designed for police use and was used by police forces in Europe in the 1930s and later. [1] The semi-automatic pistol operated using a simple blowback action. [1] The PP was designed with several safety features, some of them innovative, including an automatic hammer block, a combination safety/decocker and a loaded chamber indicator. [1]

Variants

PPK

The most common variant is the Walther PPK, a smaller version of the PP with a shorter grip, barrel and frame, and reduced magazine capacity. A new, two-piece wrap-around grip panel construction was used to conceal the exposed back strap.[ clarification needed ] The smaller size made it more concealable than the original PP and hence better suited to plain-clothes or undercover work. It was released in 1931. [15]

"PPK" is an abbreviation for Polizeipistole Kriminal (literally "police pistol criminal"), referring to the Kriminalamt crime investigation office. While the K is often mistakenly assumed to stand for kurz (German for "short"), as the variant has a shorter barrel and frame, Walther used the name "Kriminal" in early advertising brochures and the 1937 GECO German catalog. [16] [ full citation needed ]

The PPK saw widespread use. Nazi leader Adolf Hitler committed suicide with his PPK in the Führerbunker in Berlin. [17] A Walther PPK .32 (gun number 159270) was used by Kim Jae-gyu to kill South Korean leader Park Chung Hee. [18] A PPK carried by Princess Anne's personal police officer James Beaton infamously jammed during a kidnapping attempt on the princess and her husband. [19]

The fictional secret agent James Bond uses a Walther PPK in many of the novels and films: Ian Fleming's choice of Bond's weapon directly influenced the popularity and notoriety of the PPK. [20] [21] Fleming had given Bond a .25 Beretta 418 pistol in early novels but switched to the PPK in Dr. No (1958) on the advice of firearms expert Geoffrey Boothroyd. [22] Although referred to as a PPK in the film adaption of 1962, the actual gun carried by actor Sean Connery was a Walther PP. [21] [22] [23]

Actor Jack Lord, who played Felix Leiter in Dr. No, was presented with a gold-plated PPK with ivory handgrips, given to him by his friend Elvis Presley. Presley himself owned a silver-finish PPK, inscribed "TCB" ("taking care of business"). [24]

PPK/S

The PPK/S was developed following the enactment of the Gun Control Act of 1968 (GCA68) in the United States, the pistol's largest market. [25] One of the provisions of GCA68 banned the importation of pistols and revolvers not meeting certain requirements of length, weight, and other "sporting" features into the United States. The PPK failed the "Import Points" test of the GCA68 by a single point. Walther addressed this situation by combining the PP's frame with the PPK's barrel and slide to create a pistol that weighed slightly more than the PPK. [10] The additional ounce or two of weight of the PPK/S compared to the PPK was sufficient to provide the extra needed import points.

Because U.S. law allowed domestic production (as opposed to importation) of the PPK, manufacture began under license in the U.S. in 1983; this version was distributed by Interarms. The version currently manufactured by Walther Arms in Fort Smith, Arkansas has been modified (by Smith & Wesson) by incorporating a longer grip tang (S&W calls it "extended beaver tail"), [26] better protecting the shooter from slide bite, i.e., the rearward-traveling slide's pinching the web between the index finger and thumb of the firing hand, which could be a problem with the original design for people with larger hands or an improper grip, especially when using more powerful cartridge loads. The PPK/S is made of stainless steel. [10] There are also blued examples.

The PPK/S differs from the PPK as follows:

The PPK/S and the PPK are offered in the following calibers: .32 ACP (with capacities of 8 for PPK/S and 7 for PPK); or .380 ACP (PPK/S: 7; PPK: 6). The PPK/S is also offered in .22 LR with capacity of 10 rounds.

PPK-L

A Walther PPK-L manufactured in 1966 Walther PPK-L.jpg
A Walther PPK-L manufactured in 1966

In the 1960s, Walther produced the PPK-L, which was a lightweight variant of the PPK. The PPK-L differed from the standard, all steel PPK in that it had an aluminium alloy frame. These were only chambered in 7.65mm Browning (.32 ACP) and .22 LR because of the increase in felt recoil from the lighter weight of the gun. All other features of the postwar production PPK (brown plastic grips with Walther banner, high polished blue finish, lanyard loop, loaded chamber indicator, 7+1 magazine capacity and overall length) were the same on the PPK-L.

PP Super

First marketed in 1972, this was an all-steel variant of the PP chambered for the 9×18mm Ultra cartridge. Designed as a police service pistol, it was a blowback operated, double-action pistol with an external slide-stop lever and a firing-pin safety. A manual decocker lever was on the left side of the slide; when pushed down, it locked the firing pin and released the hammer. When the 9×19mm Parabellum was chosen as the standard service round by most of the German police forces, the experimental 9mm Ultra round fell into disuse. Only about 2,000 PP Super pistols were sold to German police forces in the 1970s, and lack of sales caused Walther to withdraw the PP Super from their catalogue in 1979. [27]

L66A1

In 1974, the British Royal Army Ordnance Corps purchased some thousand .22LR caliber Walther PP pistols for members of the Ulster Defence Regiment. [28] They were issued as sidearms to be carried by off duty soldiers for personal protection during The Troubles. [28] They had military markings unlike standard Walther PPs. [28] They had black plastic grips and were parkerized.[ citation needed ] In the 1980s, the guns were coated with a lacquer called Suncorite, [28] which was later found to be toxic and is no longer in use.

PPK/E

Walther PPK/E
WaltherPPK-E.png
TypeSemi-automatic pistol
Production history
Designed2000
Manufacturer Fegyver-és Gépgyár
Specifications
Length155 mm (6.1 in)
Barrel  length83 mm (3.3 in)
Width30 mm (1.2 in)
Height113 mm (4.4 in)
Cartridge .22 LR, .32 ACP, and .380 ACP
Action Straight blowback
SightsFixed iron sights, rear notch and front blade

At the 2000 Internationale Waffen-Ausstellung (IWA  –International Weapons Exhibition) in Nuremberg, Walther announced a new PPK variant designated as the PPK/E. [29] The PPK/E resembles the PPK/S and has a blue steel finish; it is manufactured under license by FEG in Hungary. Despite the resemblance between the two, certain PP-PPK-PPK/S parts, such as magazines, are not interchangeable with the PPK/E. Official factory photographs do not refer to the pistol's Hungarian origins. Instead, the traditional Walther legend ("Carl Walther Waffenfabrik Ulm/Do.") is stamped on the left side of the slide. The PPK/E is offered in .22 LR, .32 ACP, and .380 ACP calibers.

Stainless steel PPK made under license by Ranger Arms Ranger PPK -Interarms.jpg
Stainless steel PPK made under license by Ranger Arms

Manufacturing

Walther's original factory was located in Zella-Mehlis in the state of Thuringia. As that part of Germany was occupied by the Soviet Union following World War II, Walther fled to West Germany, where they established a new factory in Ulm. For several years following the war, the Allied powers forbade any manufacture of weapons in Germany. As a result, in 1952, Walther licensed production of the PP series pistols to a French company, Manufacture de Machines du Haut-Rhin, also known as Manurhin. Manurhin made the parts but the pistol was assembled either at Saint-Étienne arsenal (marked "Made in France") or by Walther in Ulm (marked "Made in West Germany" and having German proof-marks). The French company continued to manufacture the PP series until 1986.

In 1978, Ranger Manufacturing of Gadsden, Alabama was licensed to manufacture the PPK and PPK/S; this version was distributed by Interarms of Alexandria, Virginia. Ranger made versions of the PPK/S in both blued and stainless steel and chambered in .380 ACP and only made copies chambered in .32 ACP from 1997 to 1999. This license was eventually canceled in 1999. Walther USA of Springfield, Massachusetts briefly made PPKs and PPK/Ss directly through Black Creek Manufacturing from 1999 to 2001. From 2002, Smith & Wesson (S&W) began manufacturing the PPK and PPK/S under license at their plant in Houlton, Maine until 2013. In February 2009, S&W issued a recall for PPKs it manufactured for a defect in the hammer block safety. [30] In 2018 Walther Arms began producing them again at their new US manufacturing plant in Fort Smith, Arkansas, and new ones are being shipped as of March 2019.

Users

A map with nations who use the Walther PP in blue Walther PP Users.png
A map with nations who use the Walther PP in blue

Former users

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Smith & Wesson</span> American manufacturer of firearms and ammunition

Smith & Wesson Brands, Inc. (S&W) is an American firearm manufacturer headquartered in Maryville, Tennessee, United States.

Carl Walther GmbH , or simply known as Walther, is a German firearm manufacturer, and a subsidiary of the PW Group. Founded by Carl Walther in 1886, the company has manufactured firearms and air guns at its facility in Germany for more than 100 years. Walther Arms, Inc. is the United States Walther business unit and is based in Fort Smith, Arkansas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">.380 ACP</span> Pistol cartridge designed by John Moses Browning

The .380 ACP, also known as .380 Auto, .380 Automatic, or 9×17mm, is a rimless, straight-walled pistol cartridge that was developed by firearms designer John Moses Browning. The cartridge headspaces on the mouth of the case. It was introduced in 1908 by Colt, for use in its new Colt Model 1903 Pocket Hammerless semi-automatic, and has been a popular self-defense cartridge ever since, seeing wide use in numerous handguns. Other names for .380 ACP include 9mm Browning, 9mm Corto, 9mm Kurz, 9mm Short, and 9mm Browning Court. It should not be confused with .38 ACP. The .380 ACP does not strictly conform to cartridge naming conventions, named after the diameter of the bullet, as the actual bullet diameter of the .380 ACP is .355 inches.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Beretta M1934</span> Italian semi-automatic pistol

The Beretta Model 1934 is an Italian compact, semi-automatic pistol which was issued as the service pistol of the Royal Italian Army beginning in 1934. As the standard sidearm of the Italian army it was issued to officers, NCOs and machine gun crews. It is chambered for the 9mm Corto, more commonly known as the .380 ACP.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">.32 ACP</span> Pistol cartridge designed by John Moses Browning

.32 ACP is a centerfire pistol cartridge. It is a semi-rimmed, straight-walled cartridge developed by firearms designer John Browning, initially for use in the FN M1900 semi-automatic pistol. It was introduced in 1899 by Fabrique Nationale, and is also known as the 7.65 mm Browning Short.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Smith & Wesson SW99</span> Semi-automatic pistol

The SW99 rendition of the popular Walther P99 was the product of a joint collaboration between Smith & Wesson and Walther. The modified receiver used in the SW99 is supplied by Walther and is manufactured in Germany. Smith & Wesson manufactures the slide and barrel of the SW99 in the United States. Though there are slight variations in aesthetic design, the function of the SW99 is identical to its German-made counterpart.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bersa Thunder 380</span> Semi-automatic pistol

The Thunder 380 is a lightweight, relatively small semi-automatic pistol series chambered in the .380 ACP caliber made by Argentine firearms manufacturer Bersa, S.A.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Walther P38</span> Type of semi-automatic pistol

The Walther P38 is a 9 mm semi-automatic pistol that was developed by Carl Walther GmbH as the service pistol of the Wehrmacht at the beginning of World War II. It was intended to replace the comparatively complex and expensive to produce Luger P08. Moving the production lines to the more easily mass producible P38 once World War II started took longer than expected, leading to the P08 remaining in production until September 1942 and copies remained in service until the end of the war.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Heckler & Koch P7</span> Semi-automatic pistol

The Heckler & KochP7 is a German 9×19mm semi-automatic pistol designed by Helmut Weldle and produced from 1979 to 2008 by Heckler & Koch GmbH (H&K). The P7M13, a variant of the P7 with a double-stack magazine, was produced until 2000.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Heckler & Koch HK4</span> Semi-automatic pistol

The HK4 is a pocket pistol, first introduced by Heckler & Koch in either 1964 or 1967. It was distinctive for allowing shooters to swap barrels chambered for different cartridges without tools and for having a durable but light hard-anodized aluminum-alloy frame.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pocket pistol</span> Term for a small, pocket-sized semi-automatic pistol

In American English, a pocket pistol is any small, pocket-sized semi-automatic pistol, and is suitable for concealed carry in a pocket or a similar small space.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sauer 38H</span> Semi-automatic pistol

The Sauer 38H or often just H was a small semi-automatic pistol made in Nazi Germany from 1938 until just after the end of World War II by J. P. Sauer & Sohn, then based in Suhl, Germany. The "H" in the model number is short for "hahn", referring to the internal hammer of the firing mechanism.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mauser HSc</span> Semi-automatic pistol

The Mauser HSc is a 7.65mm pistol introduced in Nazi Germany during World War II, and manufactured until 1977. The designation HSc stood for Hahn SelbstspannerPistole, third and final design "C". Production was continued in 1945–1946 during the French occupation and, from 1968 to 1977 by Mauser. It has a semi-exposed hammer, double-action trigger, single-column magazine, and a spring surrounding the barrel.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">FN Model 1910</span> Semi-automatic pistol

The FN Model 1910 is a blowback-operated, semi-automatic pistol designed by John Browning and manufactured by Fabrique Nationale of Belgium.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Star Bonifacio Echeverria</span> Spanish arms manufacturer

Star Bonifacio Echeverria, S.A. was a manufacturer of small arms in the Basque region of Spain from about 1905 until 1997.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">FEG PA-63</span> Semi-automatic pistol

The FÉG PA-63 is a semi-automatic pistol designed and manufactured by the FÉGARMY Arms Factory of Hungary.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Smith & Wesson M&P</span> Semi-automatic pistol

The Smith & Wesson M&P is a polymer-framed, short recoil operated, locked breech semi-automatic pistol introduced in the summer of 2005 by the American company Smith & Wesson. It uses a Browning-type locking system. While targeted at law enforcement agencies, the M&P is also widely available on the commercial market.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Handgun</span> Short-barreled firearm designed to be held and used with one hand

A handgun is a firearm designed to be usable with only one hand. It is distinguished from a long barreled gun which typically is intended to be held by both hands and braced against the shoulder. Handguns have shorter effective ranges compared to long guns, and are much harder to shoot accurately. While most early handguns are single-shot pistols, the two most common types of handguns used in modern times are revolvers and semi-automatic pistols.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SIG Sauer P230</span> Semi-automatic pistol

The SIG Sauer P230 is a small, semi-automatic handgun chambered in .32 ACP or .380 Auto. It was designed by SIG Sauer of Eckernförde, Germany. It was imported into the United States by SIGARMS in 1985. In 1996 it was replaced by the model P232.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Manurhin</span>

Manurhin is a trademark used by Chapuis Armes since 1998. It is used to designate the Manurhin MR 73 revolver family, manufactured at Saint-Bonnet-le-Château, France.

References

Footnotes

    Citations

    1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Bishop, Chris (2002). The Encyclopedia of Weapons of World War II. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. ISBN   978-1-58663-762-0.
    2. ↑ Huon, Jean (September 2013). "The Chaco War". Small Arms Review. Vol. 17, no. 3. Archived from the original on 19 August 2019. Retrieved 20 July 2019.
    3. ↑ Katz, Sam (24 March 1988). Arab Armies of the Middle East Wars (2) . Men-at-Arms 128. Osprey Publishing. p.  47. ISBN   978-0-85045-800-8.
    4. ↑ "The airman's guide to survival". Forces and Firepower. BBC News. 18 December 1998.
    5. ↑ Toft, Mike (Summer 2016). "Reality of War: Tornado GR1 1,000lb GPB Low-Level Loft Delivery". Air Power Review (First Gulf War 25th Anniversary - Special Edition). Royal Air Force: 130–133.
    6. ↑ "Stock Photo - Royal Air Force Harrier GR7 pilot FLT Lt Scott Morley puts his personal Walther PPK pistol into his flying suit as he prepares before his mission over Iraq from their base in their base in Kuwait, March 21, 2003". Alamy . Archived from the original on 6 April 2023. Retrieved 24 July 2021.
    7. ↑ "2003 Op Telic". Fourfax.co.uk. 7 October 2017.
    8. ↑ "Keeping it Quiet: Suppressor Use by Jihadis, Militants & More". CalibreObscura.com. 19 July 2018.
    9. ↑ "About Walther". Walther Arms. Archived from the original on 5 June 2014. Retrieved 5 June 2014.
    10. 1 2 3 4 "Walther PP and PPK self-loading pistols (Germany)". Jane's Infantry Weapons. Janes.com. 28 February 2012. Archived from the original on 22 March 2011. Retrieved 7 November 2012.
    11. ↑ "Customer Support". Walther America. Archived from the original on 17 November 2009. Retrieved 7 November 2012.
    12. ↑ "About Walther". Walther Arms. Archived from the original on 5 June 2014. Retrieved 2 June 2018.
    13. ↑ "Walther PPK". Walther Arms. Retrieved 2 June 2018.
    14. ↑ "Walther Arms Announces the Return of a Legend: The New Walther PP". The outdoor wire. Retrieved 1 October 2024.
    15. ↑ Walker, Robert E. (2012). Cartridges and Firearm Identification. CRC Press. p. 274. ISBN   978-1-4665-0206-2.
    16. ↑ p. 115.
    17. ↑ Fischer (2008) p. 47, "...Günsche stated he entered the study to inspect the bodies, and observed Hitler ...sat...sunken over, with blood dripping out of his right temple. He had shot himself with his own pistol, a PPK 7.65."
    18. ↑ "The inside story of the Park Chung Hee killing". koreajoongangdaily.joins.com. 2 November 2015. Retrieved 11 October 2022.
    19. ↑ Low, Valentine. "Princess Anne's bodyguard relives night he was shot foiling her kidnap". The Times . ISSN   0140-0460 . Retrieved 13 September 2022.
    20. ↑ Hartink, A. E. (1996). The Complete Encyclopedia of Pistols and Revolvers. Lisse: Rebo. p. 368. ISBN   978-9-03661-510-5.
    21. 1 2 "James Bond's Walther PPK". CIA Museum. 8 November 2007. Archived from the original on 9 January 2008. Retrieved 15 January 2015.
    22. 1 2 "Time Out: The Guns of James Bond". BBC. 16 September 1964. Retrieved 16 January 2015.
    23. ↑ Macintyre, Ben (2012). For Your Eyes Only: Ian Fleming and James Bond. A&C Black. p. 114. ISBN   978-1-4088-3064-2.
    24. ↑ "Entertainment: The King of all auctions". BBC News. 6 September 1999. Retrieved 16 January 2015.
    25. ↑ Hogg (1945), p. 164.
    26. 1 2 "PPK/S Pistol .380ACP". Smith & Wesson. Archived from the original on 11 September 2008.
    27. ↑ "Walther PP Super". Modern Firearms. Archived from the original on 2 September 2010. Retrieved 7 November 2012.
    28. 1 2 3 4 Walter, John (2022). Walther Pistols PP, PPK and P 38. Osprey Publishing. p. 63. ISBN   978-1472850843.
    29. ↑ "If Reliability Counts...The New Walther PPK/E" (PDF). Carl Walther Sportwaffen GmbH. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 December 2008. Retrieved 4 May 2008.
    30. ↑ "Walther PPK PPKS Safety Recall". Smith & Wesson. Archived from the original on 4 November 2012. Retrieved 7 November 2012.
    31. ↑ "Weapons used by NSW Police". Australian Police. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
    32. ↑ Slee, Max (1988). Service arms of the South Australian Police : 1838 to 1988, the first 150 years. Norwood: Antique & Historical Arms Association of South Australia. p. 98. ISBN   0731640780.
    33. ↑ "wiw_sa_argentina - worldinventory". 24 November 2016. Archived from the original on 24 November 2016. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
    34. ↑ "O Museu de Polícia Militar de São Paulo". Armas On-Line (in Brazilian Portuguese). 25 June 2017.
    35. ↑ "wiw_sa_brazil - worldinventory". 2 June 2016. Archived from the original on 2 June 2016.
    36. ↑ "Military and police handgun cartridges of Brazil. - Free Online Library". www.thefreelibrary.com. Retrieved 24 December 2022.
    37. ↑ Thompson, Leroy; MacSwan, Ken (1985). Uniforms of the Soldiers of Fortune . Poole: Blandford Press. pp.  111–112. ISBN   978-0-71371-328-2.
    38. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Jones, Richard D., ed. (2009). Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010 (35th ed.). Jane's Information Group. ISBN   978-0-7106-2869-5.
    39. ↑ "The use of police firearms in Denmark" (PDF). Politi.dk. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 January 2015. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
    40. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Popenker, Maxim (22 October 2010). "Walther PP & PPK". Modern Firearms. Retrieved 7 November 2012.
    41. ↑ "Kopassus & Kopaska - Specijalne Postrojbe Republike Indonezije". Hrvatski vojnik (in Croatian). Archived from the original on 22 August 2010. Retrieved 12 June 2010.
    42. ↑ "5 Iranian Firearms Seen in December 2019 Rock Island Premier Firearms Auction Catalog". Silah Report. 12 November 2019.
    43. ↑ Valsts policija (6 March 2018). ""Walther" policijas pistole". Facebook (in Latvian). Retrieved 6 February 2021.
    44. ↑ "wiw_sa_peru - worldinventory". 29 May 2016. Archived from the original on 29 May 2016. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
    45. ↑ "Walther PP, Swedish Contract". Panchogun.com. Archived from the original on 13 April 2003. Retrieved 7 November 2012.
    46. ↑ "Walthers udda studsare". Jakt & Jägare (in Swedish). 25 January 2008. Archived from the original on 18 October 2016. Retrieved 16 October 2016.
    47. ↑ Wiener, Friedrich (1987). The armies of the NATO nations: Organization, concept of war, weapons and equipment. Truppendienst Handbooks Volume 3. Vienna: Herold Publishers. p. 428.
    48. ↑ Association, National Rifle. "An Official Journal Of The NRA | Behind Enemy Lines: Guns of Vietnam's SOG Warriors". An Official Journal Of The NRA. Retrieved 18 October 2022.
    49. ↑ Marchington, James (2004). The Encyclopedia of Handheld Weapons. Lewis International, Inc. ISBN   1-930983-14-X.
    50. ↑ Urrisk, Rolf M. (1990). Die Bewaffnung des österreichischen Bundesheeres, 1918-1990 (1. Aufl ed.). Graz: H. Weishaupt Verlag. ISBN   978-3-900310-53-0.

    Bibliography

    This page is based on this Wikipedia article
    Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
    Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.