ZB vz. 26

Last updated
ZB vz. 26
ZB vz. 26 at Great Patriotic War museum in Smolensk.jpg
vz. 26 at the Great Patriotic War Museum, Smolensk
Type Light machine gun
Place of originCzechoslovakia
Service history
In service1926–present
Used bySee Users
Wars Second Sino-Japanese War
Constitutionalist Revolution
Chaco War
Spanish Civil War
Second Italo-Ethiopian War
Dersim rebellion
World War II
Ecuadorian–Peruvian War [1]
Chinese Civil War
Korean War
Indochina War
Vietnam War
Laotian Civil War
Biafran war
Insurgency in Aceh [2]
South African Border War
Soviet–Afghan War
Yugoslav Wars [3]
Production history
Designer Václav Holek
Designed1924
Manufacturer Zbrojovka Brno, Zastava Arms [4]
Produced1924–1953
VariantsSee Variants
Specifications
Mass9.65 kg (21.27 lb) [5]
Length1,161 mm (45.7 in) [5]
Barrel  length672 mm (26.5 in) [5]
Cartridge 7.92×57mm Mauser
Action Gas-operated, tilting breechblock
Rate of fire 500 rounds/min [5]
Muzzle velocity 764 m/s (2,507 ft/s) [5]
Effective firing range1,000 m (1,100 yd)
Feed system20- or 30-round detachable box magazine [5]
SightsFront blade, rear leaf sight

The ZB vz. 26 was a Czechoslovak light machine gun developed in the 1920s, which went on to enter service with several countries. It saw its major use during World War II, and spawned the related ZB vz. 27, vz. 30, and vz. 33. The ZB vz. 26 influenced many other light machine gun designs including the British Bren light machine gun and the Japanese Type 97 heavy tank machine gun. The ZB-26 is famous for its reliability, simple components, quick-change barrel and ease of manufacturing. This light machine gun in the Czechoslovak army was marked as the LK vz. 26 ("LK" means lehký kulomet, light machine gun; "vz." stands for vzor, Model in Czech). ZB vz. 26 is incorrect nomenclature because "ZB-26" is a factory designation (Československá zbrojovka v Brně), while "vzor 26" or "vz. 26" is an army designation.

Contents

Development

In around 1921 the military of the young Czechoslovakian state embarked on a quest for a light machine gun of their own. Early trials included foreign designs such as Berthier, M1918 Browning automatic rifle, Darne machine gun, Hotchkiss M1914 machine gun, Madsen machine gun, St. Étienne Mle 1907, and several domestic designs. Of these, the most important was the Praha II, a lightweight, belt-fed weapon built at Česka Zbrojovka (CZ) Praha (Czech Arms factory in Prague).

Development of the ZB-26 began in 1923 after the Czechoslovak Brno arms factory was built. Since CZ-Praha was a relatively small factory with limited industrial capabilities, it was decided to transfer the production of the new automatic weapon to the more advanced Zbrojovka Brno, or ZB in short. This transfer resulted in a long series of court trials over royalties, between the owners of the design (CZ-Praha) and the manufacturer (ZB). Designer Václav Holek was charged by the Czechoslovak army with producing a new light machine gun. He was assisted by his brother Emmanuel, as well as two Austrian and Polish engineers, respectively named Marek and Podrabsky. [6] Holek quickly began work on the prototype of the Praha II and within a year the quartet had created an automatic light machine gun that was later known as the ZB.

Before long, the Holek brothers abandoned the belt feed in favor of a top-feeding box magazine and the resulting weapon, known as the Praha I-23, was selected. Despite the past legal troubles, manufacture of the new weapon had commenced at the ZB factory by late 1926, and it became the standard light machine gun of the Czechoslovak Army by 1928.

Design

The ZB-26 is a gas-operated, air-cooled, selective-fire machine gun. It has a finned, quick-detachable barrel and fires from an open bolt. Its action is powered by a long-stroke gas piston, located below the barrel. The gas block is mounted at the muzzle end of the barrel and also serves as the front sight base. The action is locked by tipping the rear of the bolt (breechblock) upwards, and into a locking recess in the receiver. The return spring is located in the butt of the weapon, and is connected to the bolt carrier/gas piston via a long rod; additionally, there is a short spring buffer located around the return spring at the juncture of the receiver and butt, which softens the impact of the bolt group at the end of its rearward stroke.

Its charging handle is located at the right side of receiver and does not reciprocate when the gun is fired. The ammunition feed is from a top-mounted box magazine made from sheet steel, holding just 20 rounds in a two-row configuration. The magazine housing has a forward-sliding dust cover. Spent cartridges are ejected downwards. The ejection port is normally closed with its own dust cover which opens automatically once the trigger is pressed. The trigger unit permits both single shots and automatic fire, selectable through a safety/fire mode selector lever situated at the left side of the pistol grip. The gun fires from an open bolt and the spring-loaded firing pin is operated by a projection on the bolt carrier, once the bolt is fully in battery and locked. Because of the overhead magazine, the sight line is offset to the left, and the front sight is mounted on a base which protrudes upward and to the left from the gas block.

The rear sight is attached to the left side of receiver, and has a range adjustment mechanism controlled by a knurled rotating knob. Standard furniture consists of an integral folding bipod, which is attached to the gas cylinder tube, and a wooden butt with a spring-buffered buttplate and a folding shoulder rest plate. Although the ZB-26 was intended for the light machine gun role, it was also offered with a sustained-fire tripod, and provided with a sufficient supply of full magazines and spare barrels it could serve (to some extent) as a medium machine gun. The same tripod was also adaptable for the anti-aircraft role.

Deployment and service

The ZB-26 saw service with the Czechoslovak infantry from 1928, as well as being the primary or secondary armament on many later model Škoda armored vehicles. 45,132 were bought by Czechoslovakia during the interwar. [7] It is believed that the ZB factory turned more than 120,000 ZB-26 guns between 1926 and 1939 in a variety of calibers (the most popular being its original 7.92×57mm Mauser). It was exported to twenty-four European, South American and Asian countries, both in its original form and in the slightly improved ZB-30 version. Large batches of ZB light machine guns went to Bolivia, Bulgaria, China, Romania, Turkey and Yugoslavia. Lithuania and Yugoslavia were the first users to adopt the gun, before the Czechoslovak Army. [7] Exports continued until 1939, when Nazi Germany under Adolf Hitler took over Czechoslovakia. More were produced for export than for the Czechoslovak Army [8] 7,136 ZB-26 were produced in Czechoslovakia after the war, from 1945 to 1953. [7]

Chinese soldiers were the main ZB-26 users during World War II. 1941jcj.jpg
Chinese soldiers were the main ZB-26 users during World War II.

The Wehrmacht soon adopted the ZB-26 after the occupation of Czechoslovakia, renaming it the MG 26(t); [9] it was used in the same role as the MG 34, as a light machine gun. In the opening phases of World War II, the ZB-26 in 7.92 mm Mauser caliber was used in large numbers by elements of the German Waffen-SS, who at first did not have full access to standard Wehrmacht supply channels. In its most famous incarnation, the ZB-26 was modified by ZB and British technicians, entering service as the famous Bren gun. [10] Many more countries imported or produced the design under license, including China and Yugoslavia. Chinese Nationalist forces used the ZB-26 chambered for the 7.92×57mm Mauser round in their struggle with Communist Chinese and later Imperial Japanese forces. Likewise, the Chinese Red Army (as with any other captured weapon) turned the Nationalists' ZB-26 machine guns against them and the Japanese. According to Brno, from 1927 to 1939, a total of 30,249 ZB-26 were exported to China. [7] Various Chinese pro-Japanese forces, such as the Collaborationist Chinese Army [11] or the Inner Mongolian Army, used it. [12] During this time due to high demand, Chinese small-arms factories—state-owned as well as those controlled by various warlords—were producing the ZB-26 as the Type 26. During the Korean War, Chinese Communist forces employed the ZB-26/Type 26 against UN forces, and PVA ZB gunners developed a well-deserved reputation for long-range marksmanship.[ citation needed ] During the First Indochina War with French and later South Vietnamese forces, the ZB-26/Type 26 was found in the hands of both North Vietnamese Army and Viet Minh guerrillas. [13]

Variants

Czechoslovakian soldiers with a ZB vz. 26 and a vz. 24. CSR soldiers ZB vz 26.PNG
Czechoslovakian soldiers with a ZB vz. 26 and a vz. 24.

More designations appear depending on the adopting army, though generally the gun retains its 'ZB 26' initials in one form or another.

Users

Chinese National Revolutionary Army soldiers firing the ZB vz. 26. NRA machinegunners.jpg
Chinese National Revolutionary Army soldiers firing the ZB vz. 26.
Yugoslav Chetnik fighter with M37. DavidYovanitch.png
Yugoslav Chetnik fighter with M37.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bren light machine gun</span> Light machine gun

The Bren gun was a series of light machine guns (LMG) made by Britain in the 1930s and used in various roles until 1992. While best known for its role as the British and Commonwealth forces' primary infantry LMG in World War II, it was also used in the Korean War and saw service throughout the latter half of the 20th century, including the 1982 Falklands War. Although fitted with a bipod, it could also be mounted on a tripod or be vehicle-mounted.

vz. 52 rifle Semi-automatic rifle

The vz. 52 rifle is a self-loading rifle developed shortly after the Second World War in Czechoslovakia. Its full name is 7,62mm samonabíjecí puška vzor 52. Vz. 52 is an abbreviation for vzor 52, meaning "model 52". It fires the unique 7.62×45mm cartridge. It is considered both reliable and accurate. The first 5000 vz. 52 rifles were made by Považské strojárne in Považská Bystrica, but due to production difficulties, its manufacture was taken over by Česká zbrojovka Uherský Brod.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Type 96 light machine gun</span> Light machine gun

The Type 96 light machine gun was a light machine gun used by the Imperial Japanese Army in the interwar period and in World War II. It was first introduced in 1936, and fires the 6.5x50mm Arisaka from 30-round top-mounted magazines. A combination of unimpressive ballistic performance and a lack of reliability caused the Imperial Japanese Army to try to replace the Type 96 with the Type 99 light machine gun, though both saw major usage until the end of the war.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sa 23</span> Czechoslovakian submachine gun

The CZ Model 23/25 was perhaps the best known of a series of Czechoslovak designed submachine guns introduced in 1948. There were four generally very similar submachine guns in this series: the Sa 23, Sa 24, Sa 25, and Sa 26. The primary designer was Jaroslav Holeček, chief engineer of the Česká zbrojovka Uherský Brod arms factory.

The vz. 24 rifle is a bolt-action carbine designed and produced in Czechoslovakia from 1924 to 1942. It was developed from the German Mauser Gewehr 98 line, and features a very similar bolt design. The rifle was designed in Czechoslovakia shortly after World War I, to replace the Vz. 98/22, also a Czech-designed derivative of the Gewehr 98. The vz. 24 featured a 590 mm (23.2 in) barrel which was shorter and considered more handy than the 740 mm (29.1 in) Gewehr 98 barrel. The vz. 24 was chambered in 7.92×57mm Mauser like its predecessors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Schwarzlose machine gun</span> Medium Machine gun

The Maschinengewehr (Schwarzlose) M. 7, also known as the Schwarzlose MG, is a medium machine-gun, used as a standard issue firearm in the Austro-Hungarian Army throughout World War I. It was utilized by the Dutch, Greek and Hungarian armies during World War II. It was routinely issued to Italian colonial troops, alongside the Mannlicher M1895 rifle.

The Type 97 heavy tank machine gun was the standard machine gun used in tanks and armored vehicles of the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II, a heavy machine gun by infantry forces, This weapon was not related to the Type 97 aircraft machine gun used in several Japanese Navy aircraft including the Mitsubushi A6M Zero, or the Type 97 automatic cannon used as an anti-tank rifle.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Madsen machine gun</span> Danish light machine gun

The Madsen is a light machine gun that Julius A. Rasmussen and Theodor Schouboe designed and proposed for adoption by Colonel Vilhelm Herman Oluf Madsen, the Danish Minister of War, and that the Royal Danish Army adopted in 1902. It was the world's first true light machine gun produced in quantity and Madsen was able to sell it in 12 calibres to over 34 countries. The gun saw extensive combat usage for over 100 years, with continued use in limited quantities worldwide into the 2010s. The Madsen was produced by Compagnie Madsen A/S.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Besa machine gun</span> Tank-mounted medium machine gun

The Besa machine gun was a British version of the Czechoslovak ZB-53 air-cooled, belt-fed machine gun.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">M1895 Colt–Browning machine gun</span> American machine gun

The Colt–Browning M1895, nicknamed "potato digger" because of its unusual operating mechanism, is an air-cooled, belt-fed, gas-operated machine gun that fires from a closed bolt with a cyclic rate of 450 rounds per minute. Based on an 1889 design by John Browning and his brother Matthew S. Browning, it was the first successful gas-operated machine gun to enter service.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">ZB vz. 30</span> Light machine gun

The ZB-30 and ZB-30J were Czechoslovakian light machine guns that saw extensive use during World War II.

vz. 33 Czech rifle

The puška vz. 33 was a Czechoslovak bolt-action carbine that was based on a Mauser-type action, designed and produced in Československá zbrojovka in Brno during the 1930s in order to replace the obsolete Mannlicher vz. 1895 carbines of the Czechoslovak četnictvo (gendarmerie). The manufacturer's designation was vz. 16/33. Another version, the Vz. 12/33, was also produced for the Latin American market.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">UK vz. 59</span> General-purpose machine gun

The Universal Machine Gun Model 1959 is a general-purpose machine gun developed in Czechoslovakia in the 1950s. It remains in use by the Czech Army and the Slovak Armed Forces.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vz. 52 machine gun</span> Light machine gun

The vz. 52 is a Czechoslovak light machine gun developed after the Second World War for the Czechoslovak Armed Forces.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hotchkiss M1922 machine gun</span> Light machine gun

The Hotchkiss M1922 was a light machine gun manufactured by Hotchkiss.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">ZB-53</span> Medium machine gun

The ZB-53 was a Czechoslovak machine gun. A versatile weapon, it was used both as a squad support weapon, as a mounted machine gun for tanks and other armoured vehicles, and on fixed positions inside Czechoslovak border fortifications. Adopted before the World War II by the armies of Czechoslovakia (as TK vz. 37) and Romania, it was also license-built in the United Kingdom as the Besa machine gun. Following the German invasion of Czechoslovakia, large quantities of the weapon were captured by the Wehrmacht and used during the war under the designation of MG 37(t).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SIG KE7</span> Light machine gun

The SIG KE7 is a light machine gun designed and manufactured in Switzerland in the decade before the Second World War. Although exported, it was never used by the Swiss Army.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Václav Holek</span>

Václav Holek was a Czech firearm engineer. He had applied for more than 75 patents during his active years.

References

  1. 1 2 Jowett, Philip (28 June 2018). Latin American Wars 1900–1941: "Banana Wars," Border Wars & Revolutions. Men-at-Arms 519. Osprey Publishing. p. 39. ISBN   9781472826282.
  2. 1 2 Davies, Matt (27 September 2006) [1970]. Indonesia's War over Aceh: Last Stand on Mecca's Porch (eBook ed.). London: Routledge. p. 32. doi:10.4324/9780203968802. ISBN   9781134193318.
  3. ↑ The Defense Of Bosnia. Studio "FLASH" Sarajevo. April 1999. Event occurs at 45:53. Archived from the original on 21 December 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2015.[ better source needed ]
  4. ↑ "1919-1941 | Zastava-arms". Archived from the original on 22 December 2017. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Fusils-mitrailleurs Lehky Kulomet ZB vz.26 and vz.30". Encyclopédie des armes : Les forces armées du monde (in French). Vol. II. Atlas. 1984. p. 262.
  6. ↑ Smith, Joseph E. (1969). Small Arms of the World (11 ed.). Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: The Stackpole Company. p.  125. ISBN   9780811715669.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Lehký kulomet ZB 26" [Light machine gun ZB 26]. vhu.cz (in Czech). Vojenský historický ústav Praha  [ cs ].
  8. ↑ Grant, Neil (2013). The Bren Gun. Weapon. Vol. 22. Osprey Publishing. p. 10. ISBN   978-1782000822.[ permanent dead link ]
  9. ↑ The Encyclopedia of Weapons of World War II by Chris Bishop, page 237.
  10. ↑ Skřivan, Aleš (2010). "On the Nature and Role of Arms Production in Interwar Czechoslovakia" (PDF). The Journal of Slavic Military Studies. 23 (4): 630–640. doi:10.1080/13518046.2010.525488. S2CID   154648623. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2017.
  11. ↑ Jowett 2004, pp. 46, 71.
  12. ↑ Jowett 2004, pp. 51, 56.
  13. ↑ Windrow, Martin (20 September 2018). French Foreign Légionnaire vs Viet Minh Insurgent: North Vietnam 1948–52. Combat 36. Osprey Publishing. pp. 24–25. ISBN   9781472828910.
  14. ↑ "Čs. lehký kulomet ZB vz. 27" [Czech light machine gun ZB vz. 27]. vhu.cz (in Czech). Vojenský historický ústav Praha  [ cs ].
  15. 1 2 "ZB 39". iwm.org.uk. Imperial War Museum.
  16. ↑ Bhatia, Michael Vinai; Sedra, Mark (May 2008). Small Arms Survey (ed.). Afghanistan, Arms and Conflict: Armed Groups, Disarmament and Security in a Post-War Society. Routledge. p. 65. ISBN   978-0-415-45308-0.
  17. ↑ "WWII gear in Afghan use: Part I – Firearms". wwiiafterwwii.wordpress.com. 1 June 2015. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
  18. 1 2 3 Grant 2013, p. 65.
  19. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Fencl, Jiří (1991). "Nejprodávanější československá zbraň" (in Czech). Militaria, Elka Press. Retrieved 12 March 2019.
  20. ↑ "O Museu de Polícia Militar de São Paulo". Armas On-Line (in Brazilian Portuguese). 25 June 2017. Retrieved 16 December 2022.
  21. ↑ Jowett, Philip (2016). Modern African Wars (5): The Nigerian-Biafran War 1967-70. Oxford: Osprey Publishing Press. p. 23. ISBN   978-1472816092.
  22. ↑ Jowett, Philip (13 July 2005). The Chinese Army 1937-49: World War II and Civil War. Osprey Publishing. p. 44. ISBN   1-84176-904-5.
  23. ↑ "Indigenous Machine Guns of China – Small Arms Defense Journal".
  24. ↑ Smith 1969, pp. 295–296.
  25. 1 2 "China's Favorite Machine Gun". chinaww2.com. 27 September 2014.
  26. ↑ Gun Digest Book of Cz Firearms by Robb Manning, page 22.
  27. ↑ "Zarumilla War 1941: Ecuadorian-Peruvian War of 1941". globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 2 February 2019.
  28. 1 2 Smith 1969, p. 320.
  29. ↑ Smith 1969, p. 498.
  30. ↑ "North Korean Small Arms (Democratic People's Republic of Korea)". Small Arms Review. Vol. 16, no. 2. June 2012. Archived from the original on 2 February 2019. Retrieved 2 February 2019.
  31. ↑ Jowett, Philip S. (2004). Rays of the Rising Sun: Armed Forces of Japan's Asian Allies 1931-45: Volume 1: China and Manchukuo. Helion & Company Limited. p. 32.
  32. ↑ "Their Blood Waters our Freedom". Youtube.com. 25 January 2020. Archived from the original on 21 December 2021. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
  33. ↑ Malmassari, Paul (2016). "Slovak Republic". Armoured Trains. Seaforth Publishing. p. 415. ISBN   9781848322653 . Retrieved 30 March 2019.
  34. ↑ Smith 1969, p. 547.
  35. ↑ Janson, O. (23 October 2017). "The Light Machine Guns of Sweden". gotavapen.se. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017.
  36. ↑ Smith 1969, p. 570.
  37. ↑ Chris Bishop (1996). Vital Guide to Combat Guns and Infantry Weapons. Airlife. p. 203. ISBN   1853105392.
  38. ↑ Smith 1969, p. 719.
  39. ↑ Vukšić, Velimir (July 2003). Tito's partisans 1941–45. Warrior 73. Osprey Publishing. p. 25. ISBN   978-1-84176-675-1.

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.