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Yevgeny Fyodorov | |
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Born | 10 April 1910 Bendery, Bessarabia Governorate, Russian Empire |
Died | 30 December 1981 71) | (aged
Allegiance | Soviet Union |
Awards | Hero of the Soviet Union |
Signature |
Yevgeny Konstantinovich Fyodorov (Russian : Евгений Константинович Фёдоров; 10 April [ O.S. 28 March], 1910 – 30 December 1981) was a Soviet geophysicist, statesman, public figure, academician (1960), and Hero of the Soviet Union (1938).
Yevgeny Fyodorov graduated from Leningrad State University in 1932. In 1932–1938, he was a research associate on several polar stations, including the first drifting ice station North Pole-1 (1937-1938). [1] In 1938–1939, Yevgeny Fyodorov headed the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute. In 1938 he joined the All-Union Communist Party (b). [ clarification needed ]
In 1939-1947 and 1962–1974, he was in charge of the Soviet Weather Service (Гидрометеослужба СССР). In 1947–1955, Yevgeny Fyodorov was employed at the Geophysics Institute of the Soviet Academy of Sciences. He was the one to establish and then head the Applied Geophysics Institute of the Soviet Weather Service.
Yevgeny Fyodorov authored numerous works dedicated to his research on the Arctic geophysical fields, water balance of clouds, artificial influence on meteorological processes, study of highest atmospheric layers with the use of satellites, pollution etc. Yevgeny Fyodorov was awarded the USSR State Prize (1946, 1969), five Orders of Lenin, Order of the October Revolution, six other orders, and several medals.
Fyodorov was the second chairman of the Soviet Peace Committee, in the years 1979–1981.
Otto Yulyevich Shmidt, better known as Otto Schmidt, was a Soviet scientist, mathematician, astronomer, geophysicist, statesman, and academician.
Mikhail Mikhailovich Somov was a Soviet oceanologist, polar explorer, Doctor of Geographical Sciences (1954).
Ivan Dmitriyevich Papanin was a Soviet polar explorer, scientist, Counter Admiral, and twice Hero of the Soviet Union, who was awarded nine Orders of Lenin.
Artur Nikolaevich Chilingarov was an Armenian-Russian polar explorer, a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union in 1986 and the title of Hero of the Russian Federation in 2008. He was the president of State Polar Academy.
A drifting ice station is a temporary or semi-permanent facility built on an ice floe. During the Cold War the Soviet Union and the United States maintained a number of stations in the Arctic Ocean on floes such as Fletcher's Ice Island for research and espionage, the latter of which were often little more than quickly constructed shacks. Extracting personnel from these stations proved difficult and in the case of the United States, employed early versions of the Fulton surface-to-air recovery system.
The Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, or AARI is the oldest and largest Russian research institute in the field of comprehensive studies of Arctic and Antarctica. It is located in Saint Petersburg.
Arktika 2007 was a 2007 expedition in which Russia performed the first ever crewed descent to the ocean bottom at the North Pole, as part of research related to the 2001 Russian territorial claim, one of many territorial claims in the Arctic, made possible, in part, because of Arctic shrinkage. As well as dropping a titanium tube containing the Russian flag, the submersibles collected specimens of Arctic flora and fauna and apparently recorded video of the dives. The "North Pole-35" manned drifting ice station was established.
Vladimir Yulyevich Wiese was a Russian scientist of German descent who devoted his life to the study of the Arctic ice pack. His name is associated with the Scientific Prediction of Ice Conditions theory. Wiese was a member of the Soviet Arctic Institute and an authority on polar oceanography. He was also the founder of the Geographico-hydrological School of Oceanography.
Captain Konstantin Sergeyevich Badygin was a Soviet naval officer, explorer, author, and scientist.
The Georgiy Sedov was a Soviet ice-breaker fitted with steam engines. She was originally the Newfoundland seal fishery support vessel Beothic, renamed after Russian captain and polar explorer Georgy Yakovlevich Sedov in 1915. She was the first Soviet drifting ice station, the culmination of a decade of high-latitude exploration.
The Chief Directorate of the Northern Sea Route, also known as Glavsevmorput or GUSMP, was a Soviet government organization in charge of the maritime Northern Sea Route, established in January 1932 and dissolved in 1964.
Pyotr Petrovich Shirshov was a Soviet oceanographer, hydrobiologist, polar explorer, statesman, academician (1939), the first minister of Ministry of Maritime Fleet of the USSR and Hero of the Soviet Union (1938).
Rudolf (Ruvim) Lazarevich Samoylovich was a Soviet polar explorer, professor, and doctor of geographic sciences.
North Pole-1 was the world's first Soviet manned drifting station in the Arctic Ocean, primarily used for research.
Vasily Sergeyevich Molokov was a Soviet aircraft pilot, major general of aviation (1940), and a Hero of the Soviet Union.
North Pole-36 was the 36th Russian manned drifting station, primarily used for Arctic research from September 2008 until August 2009.
Yevgeny Nikanorovich Pavlovsky was a Soviet zoologist, entomologist, academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union (1939), the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR (1944), honorary member of the Tajik Academy of Sciences (1951), and a lieutenant general of the Red Army Medical Service in World War II.
Ilya Pavlovich Mazuruk was a Soviet pilot and polar explorer. Hero of the Soviet Union (1937).
Franz Josef Land, an uninhabited archipelago located in the Arctic Ocean, Barents Sea, and Kara Sea, may have been discovered by the 1865 expedition of the Norwegian sealing vessel Spidsbergen captained by Nils Fredrik Rønnbeck. However, the discovery was never announced and the existence of the territory only came to public notice following the Austro-Hungarian North Pole Expedition of 1872, which named the archipelago in honor of Franz Joseph I of Austria. Benjamin Leigh Smith led the next expedition in 1880, which continued the work of the first expeditions in investigating the southern and central parts of the archipelago. Concurrent expeditions followed in 1896, Nansen's Fram expedition and the Jackson–Harmsworth Expedition, which met by accident. These two journeys explored the northern area and the flanks of Franz Josef Land.
This article includes content derived from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969–1978, which is partially in the public domain .[ not specific enough to verify ]