2018 United States Senate election in West Virginia

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2018 United States Senate election in West Virginia
Flag of West Virginia.svg
←  2012 November 6, 2018 2024  →
Turnout47.04% Increase2.svg
  Senator Manchin (cropped 2).jpg Patrick Morrisey by Gage Skidmore.jpg
Nominee Joe Manchin Patrick Morrisey
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote290,510271,113
Percentage49.57%46.26%
2018 United States Senate election in West Virginia results map by county.svg
2018 US Senate Election in West Virginia by Congressional District.svg
2018 US Senate by West Virginia House.svg
2018 United States Senate election in West Virginia results map by precinct.svg
Manchin:     40–50%     50–60%     60–70%
Morrisey:     40–50%     50–60%     60–70%     70–80%
U.S. senator before election

Joe Manchin
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

Joe Manchin
Democratic

The 2018 United States Senate election in West Virginia took place on November 6, 2018, to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the State of West Virginia, concurrently with other elections to the United States Senate, elections to the United States House of Representatives, and various state and local elections.

Contents

Incumbent Senator Joe Manchin was considered to be among the most vulnerable Democratic senators facing re-election in 2018 due to the state's deepening partisan lean and his declining popularity. Manchin ultimately won a second full term, though by a much narrower margin than his 2012 landslide.

Background

West Virginia was once a Democratic stronghold at the state and federal level, but has been rapidly shifting towards the Republican Party since 2000. In 2008, John McCain defeated Barack Obama by a margin of 55–42%. From 1959 to 2015, West Virginia was exclusively represented in the U.S. Senate by Democrats.

In the 2012 presidential election, Mitt Romney defeated Obama 62–35% and swept every single county in the state. Despite this, Manchin was reelected in his own landslide over perennial candidate John Raese, receiving more than 60% of the vote and carrying all but three counties. Manchin’s 2012 re-election against Raese was a rematch between the two, as Manchin previously defeated Raese in the 2010 special election where he was first elected to the U.S. Senate.

In 2016, Donald Trump won the state by a greater than 40-point margin over Hillary Clinton (68–26%), with Clinton's performance being the worst for either party in the state's history. Trump also won every county in the state.

Concurrent with Trump's landslide victory in West Virginia, Democratic businessman Jim Justice won the gubernatorial election with 49% of the vote but changed his party affiliation back to Republican within a year (Justice had previously been a Republican prior to running as a Democrat for governor). Democrats lost almost every statewide office in the state in 2016, with State Treasurer John Perdue being the only statewide Democrat re-elected.

Because of the heavy Republican lean of his state, Manchin was ranked by many outlets as one of the most vulnerable incumbents up for reelection. President Trump headlined three rallies in the state on behalf of Manchin's opponent Patrick Morrisey. Manchin's vote to confirm Judge Brett Kavanaugh in his highly contentious confirmation hearing, making him the only Democrat to do so, garnered national attention and backlash from members of his own party just weeks before the midterm elections. [1] Despite the challenges to his re-election, Manchin leaned into his close personal ties to the state and emphasized his moderate views.

Although Manchin was seen as vulnerable during the lead-up to the election, polling considered him to be a slight favorite for most of the general election cycle.

Democratic primary

2018 United States Senate election in West Virginia Democratic Primary
Flag of West Virginia.svg
8 May 2018
Turnout161,252 votes
  Senator Manchin (cropped 2).jpg Paula Jean Swearengin.png
Candidate Joe Manchin Paula Swearengin
Popular vote112,65848,594
Percentage69.86%30.14%
West Virginia U.S. Senate Democratic primary, 2018.svg
Results by county:
Manchin      70–80%     60–70%     50–60%

Candidates

Nominee

Eliminated in primary

Endorsements

Paula Jean Swearengin
State legislators
Individuals
Organizations

Polling

Poll sourceDate(s)
administered		Joe
Manchin		Paula Jean
Swearengin		Undecided
SurveyMonkey (D-Swearengin) September 201746%8%38%

Results

Democratic primary results [12]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Joe Manchin (incumbent) 112,658 69.86%
Democratic Paula Jean Swearengin 48,59430.14%
Total votes161,252 100%

Republican primary

Candidates

Nominee

Eliminated in the primary

Declined

Endorsements

Evan Jenkins
State officials
Organizations

Debates

Host
network		DateLink(s)Participants
Evan
Jenkins		Patrick
Morrisey		Don
Blankenship		Bo
Copley		Jack
Newbrough		Tom
Willis
Fox News May 1, 2018 [30] InvitedInvitedInvited–––
WVPB April 23, 2018 [31] InvitedInvitedInvitedInvitedInvitedInvited

Polling

Poll sourceDate(s)
administered		Sample
size		Margin
of error		Don
Blankenship		Evan
Jenkins		Patrick
Morrisey		OtherUndecided
Public Opinion Strategies (R-Morrisey) April 22–23, 2018500± 4.4%15%26%28%–18%
Fox News April 18–22, 2018985± 3.0%16%25%21%8% [32] 24%
National Research Inc. (R-GOPAC) Archived April 24, 2018, at the Wayback Machine April 17–19, 2018411± 4.9%12%20%24%5% [33] 39%
Osage Research (R-Morrisey) March 13, 2018500± 4.4%23%17%24%4% [34] –
Harper Polling (R-Jenkins) March 5–6, 2018400–27%29%19%10% [35] 15%
Harper Polling (R-Jenkins) February 5–6, 2018500± 4.4%18%33%25%12%12%
–42%36%–22%
Fabrizio, Lee and Associates (R-35th PAC) October 19–22, 2017400± 4.9%–34%40%–26%

Results

Results by county: Morrisey .mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{} Morrisey--70-80% Morrisey--60-70% Morrisey--50-60% Morrisey--40-50% Morrisey--30-40% Morrisey--<30% Jenkins Jenkins--30-40% Jenkins--40-50% Jenkins--50-60% Jenkins--60-70% Blankenship Blankenship--<30% Blankenship--30-40% Blankenship--40-50% 2018 WV US Senate Republican primary.svg
Results by county:
Morrisey
  •   Morrisey—70–80%
  •   Morrisey—60–70%
  •   Morrisey—50–60%
  •   Morrisey—40–50%
  •   Morrisey—30–40%
  •   Morrisey—<30%
Jenkins
  •   Jenkins—30–40%
  •   Jenkins—40–50%
  •   Jenkins—50–60%
  •   Jenkins—60–70%
Blankenship
  •   Blankenship—<30%
  •   Blankenship—30–40%
  •   Blankenship—40–50%
Republican primary results [36]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican Patrick Morrisey 48,007 34.90%
Republican Evan Jenkins 40,18529.21%
Republican Don Blankenship 27,47819.97%
Republican Tom Willis13,5409.84%
Republican Bo Copley4,2483.09%
Republican Jack Newbrough4,1152.99%
Total votes137,573 100%

Libertarian Party

Candidates

Nominated

Constitution Party

Candidates

Denied ballot access

  • Don Blankenship, former chairman and CEO of Massey Energy. Observers noted that he would be ineligible to run due to West Virginia's sore-loser law which states that the loser of a partisan primary election cannot appear on the ballot as an independent or with another political party in the general election. [38] Blankenship was eligible to run as a write-in candidate. [39] Secretary of State Mac Warner denied ballot access to Blankenship's campaign on July 26, citing West Virginia's "sore loser" law. After a lawsuit, the Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia ordered Warner to deny Blankenship ballot access on August 29, 2018. [40]

Endorsements

Don Blankenship
Organizations

General election

Candidates

Predictions

SourceRankingAs of
The Cook Political Report [43] Lean DOctober 26, 2018
Inside Elections [44] Tilt DNovember 1, 2018
Sabato's Crystal Ball [45] Lean DNovember 5, 2018
CNN [46] Lean DNovember 5, 2018
RealClearPolitics [47] TossupNovember 5, 2018
Daily Kos [48] Lean DNovember 5, 2018
Fox News [49] Lean DNovember 5, 2018
FiveThirtyEight [50] Likely DNovember 6, 2018

Endorsements

Joe Manchin (D)
U.S. Senators
Labor unions
Organizations
Other Individuals
Newspapers
  • The Sunday News-Register [62]
Patrick Morrisey (R)
U.S. Executive Branch officials
U.S. Senators
U.S. Representatives
U.S. Governors
State Senators
State Delegates
Organizations
Other individuals
Newspapers

Fundraising

Campaign finance reports as of September 30, 2018
Candidate (party)Total receiptsTotal disbursementsCash on hand
Joe Manchin (D)$8,872,162$6,459,930$4,200,530
Patrick Morrisey (R)$4,943,056$3,315,300$1,627,756
Source: Federal Election Commission [93]

Polling

Poll sourceDate(s)
administered		Sample
size		Margin
of error		Joe
Manchin (D)		Patrick
Morrisey (R)		Rusty
Hollen (L)		OtherUndecided
Emerson College October 28–31, 20181,013± 3.2%47%42%3%–8%
Research America Inc. October 19–30, 2018400± 4.9%45%40%11%–5%
Strategic Research Associates Archived November 4, 2018, at the Wayback Machine October 12–19, 2018650± 3.8%52%36%4%–8%
Fabrizio, Lee and Associates (R-NRSC) Archived October 24, 2018, at the Wayback Machine October 16–18, 2018600± 4.0%42%44%3%–12%
45%47%––8%
Vox Populi Polling October 13–15, 2018789± 3.5%53%47%–––
The Polling Company (R-Citizens United) October 11–13, 2018600± 4.0%49%45%–2%3%
Public Opinion Strategies (R-NRSC) October 7–9, 2018600± 4.0%41%40%8%––
Strategic Research Associates [ permanent dead link ]September 17–26, 2018650± 3.8%46%38%3%–13%
1892 Polling (R-Morrisey) September 24–25, 2018500± 4.4%45%45%––10%
The Tarrance Group (R-SLF) September 23–25, 2018612± 4.1%47%43%5%–5%
Global Strategy Group (D-Manchin) September 19–23, 2018601± 4.0%48%36%4%––
Emerson College September 13–15, 2018825± 3.5%45%33%–6%16%
Harper Polling (R-35th PAC) August 23–26, 2018600± 4.0%47%41%––12%
Research America Inc. August 16–26, 2018404± 4.9%46%38%––16%
Trafalgar Group (R) July 13–16, 20181,158± 2.9%50%40%2%–8%
SurveyMonkey/Axios June 11 – July 2, 2018892± 5.5%53%40%––6%
Monmouth University June 14–19, 2018653± 3.8%49%42%–3%6%
Public Policy Polling June 12–13, 2018633–49%42%––9%
Hart Research Associates (D-DSCC) May 15–16, 2018602± 4.0%52%40%–––
Global Strategy Group (D-Manchin) May 13–16, 2018600± 4.0%50%42%–––
47%40%4%––
WPA Intelligence (R) May 10, 2018400± 4.9%44%46%––11%
Zogby Analytics September 27–30, 2017320± 5.5%45%38%––17%
Research America Inc. August 11–20, 2017400± 4.9%51%37%––12%
Harper Polling Archived November 30, 2016, at the Wayback Machine November 16–17, 2016500± 4.4%57%35%––8%
Hypothetical polling
with Don Blankenship
Poll sourceDate(s)
administered		Sample
size		Margin
of error		Joe
Manchin (D)		Patrick
Morrisey (R)		Don
Blankenship (C)		OtherUndecided
Research America Inc. August 16–26, 2018404± 4.9%45%34%8%–13%
Monmouth University June 14–19, 2018653± 3.8%48%39%4%2%6%
Public Policy Polling June 12–13, 2018633–46%35%11%–7%
Gravis Marketing May 22, 2018543± 4.2%51%39%5%––
with generic Republican
Poll sourceDate(s)
administered		Sample
size		Margin
of error		Joe
Manchin (D)		Generic
Republican		Undecided
National Research Inc. (R-GOPAC) Archived April 24, 2018, at the Wayback Machine April 17–19, 2018––37%41%20%
SurveyMonkey/Axios February 12 – March 5, 20181,591± 3.5%43%52%5%
with Evan Jenkins
Poll sourceDate(s)
administered		Sample
size		Margin
of error		Joe
Manchin (D)		Evan
Jenkins (R)		Undecided
Zogby Analytics September 27–30, 2017320± 5.5%49%36%15%
Research America Inc. August 11–20, 2017400± 4.9%50%40%10%
Harper Polling Archived November 30, 2016, at the Wayback Machine November 16–17, 2016500± 4.4%51%39%10%
with Alex Mooney
Poll sourceDate(s)
administered		Sample
size		Margin
of error		Joe
Manchin (D)		Alex
Mooney (R)		Undecided
Zogby Analytics September 27–30, 2017320± 5.5%49%35%17%
Harper Polling Archived November 30, 2016, at the Wayback Machine November 16–17, 2016500± 4.4%58%28%14%
with David McKinley
Poll sourceDate(s)
administered		Sample
size		Margin
of error		Joe
Manchin (D)		David
McKinley (R)		Undecided
Harper Polling Archived November 30, 2016, at the Wayback Machine November 16–17, 2016500± 4.4%54%34%12%
Public Policy Polling April 29 – May 1, 20161,201± 2.8%46%36%18%
Poll sourceDate(s)
administered		Sample
size		Margin
of error		Carte
Goodwin (D)		David
McKinley (R)		Undecided
Harper Polling Archived November 30, 2016, at the Wayback Machine November 16–17, 2016500± 4.4%36%42%22%
with generic Democratic and Republican
Poll sourceDate(s)
administered		Sample
size		Margin
of error		Generic
Democrat		Generic
Republican		OtherUndecided
National Research Inc. (R-GOPAC) Archived April 24, 2018, at the Wayback Machine April 17–19, 2018––37%49%4%11%
Zogby Analytics September 27–30, 2017320± 5.5%35%40%6%19%
with Carte Goodwin
Poll sourceDate(s)
administered		Sample
size		Margin
of error		Carte
Goodwin (D)		Alex
Mooney (R)		Undecided
Harper Polling Archived November 30, 2016, at the Wayback Machine November 16–17, 2016500± 4.4%41%31%28%
Poll sourceDate(s)
administered		Sample
size		Margin
of error		Carte
Goodwin (D)		Evan
Jenkins (R)		Undecided
Harper Polling Archived November 30, 2016, at the Wayback Machine November 16–17, 2016500± 4.4%31%43%25%
Poll sourceDate(s)
administered		Sample
size		Margin
of error		Carte
Goodwin (D)		Patrick
Morrisey (R)		Undecided
Harper Polling Archived November 30, 2016, at the Wayback Machine November 16–17, 2016500± 4.4%39%43%18%

Results

Swing by county Legend Democratic--+10-15% Republican--+<5% Republican--+5-10% Republican--+10-15% Republican--+15-20% Republican--+20-25% Republican--+25-30% Republican--+30-35% Republican--+35-40% Republican--+>40% 2018 West Virginia Senate swing by county margins.svg
Swing by county
Legend
  •   Democratic—+10-15%
  •   Republican—+<5%
  •   Republican—+5-10%
  •   Republican—+10-15%
  •   Republican—+15-20%
  •   Republican—+20-25%
  •   Republican—+25-30%
  •   Republican—+30-35%
  •   Republican—+35-40%
  •   Republican—+>40%
United States Senate election in West Virginia, 2018 [94]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Democratic Joe Manchin (incumbent) 290,510 49.57% -12.00%
Republican Patrick Morrisey 271,11346.26%+9.79%
Libertarian Rusty Hollen24,4114.17%N/A
Total votes586,034 100.00% N/A
Democratic hold

By congressional district

Manchin won all three congressional districts, all of which elected Republicans. [95]

DistrictManchinMorriseyRepresentative
1st 49%45% David McKinley
2nd 50%46% Alex Mooney
3rd 49%47% Evan Jenkins (115th Congress)
Carol Miller (116th Congress)

Results by county

All results are from the office of the Secretary of State of West Virginia. [96]

CountyCandidateTotal
votes
Joe ManchinPatrick MorriseyRusty Hollen
%Votes%Votes%Votes
Barbour 42.98%2,12151.91%2,5625.11%2524,935
Berkeley 42.63%14,50853.21%18,1114.16%1,41634,035
Boone 57.12%3,89439.75%2,7103.12%2136,817
Braxton 51.24%2,14845.01%1,8873.75%1574,192
Brooke 50.93%3,98744.88%3,5134.19%3287,828
Cabell 58.18%16,90938.77%11,2673.05%88529,061
Calhoun 45.34%96749.93%1,0654.74%1012,133
Clay 46.92%1,14149.22%1,1973.87%942,432
Doddridge 33.77%74661.20%1,3525.02%1112,209
Fayette 53.19%6,50242.22%5,1604.59%56112,223
Gilmer 47.22%94446.47%9296.30%1261,999
Grant 24.04%93572.49%2,8203.47%1353,890
Greenbrier 50.78%6,20145.55%5,5633.67%44812,212
Hampshire 33.80%2,32562.71%4,3133.49%2406,878
Hancock 46.53%4,70749.06%4,9634.42%44710,117
Hardy 41.41%1,88054.34%2,4674.25%1934,540
Harrison 51.05%11,49142.25%9,5126.70%1,50822,511
Jackson 47.89%4,89048.61%4,9643.50%35710,211
Jefferson 51.32%10,66645.04%9,3603.64%75620,782
Kanawha 61.58%39,33335.27%22,5273.16%2,01863,878
Lewis 41.64%2,32651.54%2,8796.82%3815,586
Lincoln 51.40%2,89945.27%2,5533.33%1885,640
Logan 47.74%4,57449.13%4,7083.13%3009,582
Marion 56.23%10,88937.59%7,2806.18%1,19719,366
Marshall 50.84%5,48545.12%4,8684.04%43610,789
Mason 51.06%4,27045.50%3,8053.44%2888,363
McDowell 48.67%2,22248.15%2,1983.18%1454,565
Mercer 41.19%7,43055.62%10,0333.20%57718,040
Mineral 34.79%3,10861.84%5,5253.37%3018,934
Mingo 42.13%2,92955.02%3,8252.85%1986,952
Monongalia 58.20%18,01035.28%10,9186.52%2,01930,947
Monroe 43.09%2,12553.61%2,6443.30%1634,932
Morgan 34.54%2,14360.98%3,7834.48%2786,204
Nicholas 45.75%3,58850.34%3,9483.91%3077,843
Ohio 55.18%8,73141.64%6,5883.19%50415,823
Pendleton 37.65%94858.70%1,4783.65%922,518
Pleasants 45.88%1,15750.20%1,2663.93%992,522
Pocahontas 44.59%1,26949.58%1,4115.83%1662,846
Preston 35.56%3,68657.34%5,9437.10%73610,365
Putnam 49.31%10,51347.33%10,0903.36%71621,319
Raleigh 43.86%10,58152.31%12,6203.84%92624,127
Randolph 50.27%4,47245.16%4,0174.58%4078,896
Ritchie 33.85%1,08261.36%1,9614.79%1533,196
Roane 51.30%2,16545.00%1,8993.70%1564,220
Summers 50.62%2,06945.71%1,8683.67%1504,087
Taylor 44.91%2,37649.94%2,6425.14%2725,290
Tucker 46.90%1,46947.96%1,5025.14%1613,132
Tyler 38.00%1,06557.19%1,6034.82%1352,803
Upshur 41.17%3,10253.23%4,0105.60%4227,534
Wayne 50.34%6,39546.87%5,9542.79%35512,704
Webster 45.03%1,03348.82%1,1206.15%1412,294
Wetzel 50.91%2,51843.17%2,1355.92%2934,946
Wirt 42.22%79053.71%1,0054.06%761,871
Wood 48.88%14,18947.19%13,6963.93%1,14129,026
Wyoming 44.27%2,60752.57%3,0963.16%1865,889
Counties that flipped from Democratic to Republican

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The 2018 United States Senate election in Virginia took place on November 6, 2018, to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the Commonwealth of Virginia, concurrently with other elections to the U.S. Senate, elections to the United States House of Representatives, and various state and local elections. Incumbent Democratic Senator Tim Kaine, who had been his party's unsuccessful nominee for vice president two years earlier, was re-elected to a second term in office, winning this seat by the largest margin since 1988. This was the first election since 1994 that anyone had been re-elected to this seat.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2020 West Virginia gubernatorial election</span>

The 2020 West Virginia gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 2020, to elect the governor of West Virginia, concurrently with the 2020 U.S. presidential election, as well as elections to the United States Senate, elections to the United States House of Representatives and various state and local elections.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2018 United States House of Representatives elections in West Virginia</span>

The 2018 United States House of Representatives elections in West Virginia were held on November 6, 2018, to elect the three U.S. representatives from the West Virginia, one from each of the state's three congressional districts. The filing deadline was January 27, 2018. The primary elections were held on May 8, 2018. The elections coincided with the other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate and various state and local elections.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2022 United States House of Representatives elections in West Virginia</span>

The 2022 United States House of Representatives elections in West Virginia were held on November 8, 2022, to elect the two U.S. representatives from the State of West Virginia, one from each of the state's two congressional districts. The elections coincided with other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate, and various state and local elections.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2024 United States Senate election in West Virginia</span> U.S. Senate election in West Virginia

The 2024 United States Senate election in West Virginia will be held on November 5, 2024, to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the State of West Virginia. Primary elections took place on May 14, 2024.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2018 West Virginia elections</span>

West Virginia held elections on November 6, 2018. Elections for the United States House and Senate were held as well as two high-profile ballot measures. These elections were held concurrently with other elections nationwide. Primary elections were held on May 8, 2018.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2024 West Virginia gubernatorial election</span>

The 2024 West Virginia gubernatorial election will be held on November 5, 2024, to elect the governor of West Virginia, concurrently with the 2024 U.S. presidential election, as well as elections to the United States Senate and elections to the United States House of Representatives and various state and local elections. Incumbent Governor Jim Justice is term-limited and cannot seek re-election to a third consecutive term in office and is instead running for the U.S. Senate. First elected in 2016 as a Democrat by 6.8 percentage points, Justice switched parties in August 2017 and won re-election in 2020 as a Republican by 33.3 percentage points. Primary elections took place on May 14, 2024.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2024 United States House of Representatives elections in West Virginia</span>

The 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in West Virginia will be held on November 5, 2024, to elect the two U.S. representatives from the State of West Virginia, one from each of the state's two congressional districts. The elections will coincide with the 2024 U.S. presidential election, as well as other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate, and various state and local elections. The primary elections are scheduled for May 14, 2024.

References

  1. ↑ Edmondson, Catie (October 8, 2018). "Joe Manchin's Yes on Kavanaugh Finds Sympathy in West Virginia (Published 2018)". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved January 10, 2021.
  2. ↑ Cheney, Kyle (April 19, 2015). "Joe Manchin won't run for West Virginia governor". Politico . Retrieved April 20, 2015.
  3. ↑ Hains, Tim (May 9, 2017). "'Justice Democrat' Coal Miner's Daughter Paula Swearingen Announces Primary Challenge Against West Virginia Sen. Joe Manchin". RealClearPolitics . Retrieved May 9, 2017.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 "U.S. Senate candidate: Paula Jean Swearengin (D)". AP News . March 27, 2018. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
  5. ↑ Blest, Paul (September 7, 2017). "Can You Win in Trump Country with a Bernie Sanders Platform?". VICE News . Retrieved April 12, 2023.
  6. ↑ Canova, Tim (May 12, 2017). "Happy to endorse @paulajean2018 Swearengin vs @JoeManchinWV in US Senate primary. Hope @SenSanders will support her". Twitter.
  7. ↑ "Justice Democrat To Primary Joe Manchin". The Young Turks. Retrieved October 22, 2017.
  8. 1 2 "Justice Democrats Targeting Barely-Dem Manchin With Progressive Primary Opponent". Ring of Fire (radio program) . May 8, 2017. Retrieved May 9, 2017.
  9. ↑ "BREAKING: Justice Democrats Are Primarying Joe Manchin". Kyle Kulinski. May 8, 2017. Retrieved May 9, 2017.
  10. ↑ "We're proud to endorse @paulajean2018 . She's building a movement" . Retrieved March 1, 2018.
  11. ↑ "Upshur County Indivisible--Votes proudly endorses @paulajean2018 for US Senate. @IndivisibleTeam @WCWVI #Democracy #Elections2018". Twitter. Retrieved April 22, 2018.
  12. ↑ "United States Senate Democratic primary election in West Virginia, 2018".
  13. ↑ "West Virginia AG Patrick Morrisey Will Run for Senate in 2018" (PDF). www.usnews.com. July 10, 2017.
  14. ↑ Kamisar, Ben (November 16, 2016). "10 Senate seats that could flip in 2018". The Hill . Retrieved November 17, 2016.
  15. ↑ Schor, Elana; Everett, Burgess (November 18, 2016). "2018 showdown looms: House Republicans vs. Democratic senators". Politico . Retrieved November 18, 2016.
  16. ↑ Geraghty, Jim (February 14, 2017). "In West Virginia, a Rising Republican Star Threatens the Nation's Most Vulnerable Democratic Senator". National Review . Retrieved February 22, 2017.
  17. ↑ Bass, Kennie; Morris, Jeff (November 29, 2017). "Former Massey Energy CEO Don Blankenship to run for U.S. Senate". WCHS-TV . Retrieved November 29, 2017.
  18. ↑ Lesniewski, Niels (May 2, 2017). "Coal Worker Who Confronted Hillary Clinton Takes on Joe Manchin". Roll Call . Retrieved May 2, 2017.
  19. ↑ "Jenkins to challenge Manchin for U.S. Senate seat". WSAZ-TV . May 8, 2017. Retrieved May 8, 2017.
  20. ↑ Howell, Craig (September 24, 2017). "Weirton resident seeking Senate seat". The Weirton Daily Times. Retrieved September 26, 2017.
  21. ↑ "WV MetroNews – Willis enters US Senate race". wvmetronews.com. January 4, 2018.
  22. ↑ Ferns, Ryan [@RyanFernsWV] (March 2, 2017). "@ReganWV wasn't trying to dodge. Let me be more clear. If a conservative who is more qualified runs, then I'm not going to" (Tweet). Retrieved April 3, 2017– via Twitter.
  23. ↑ Ferns, Ryan [@RyanFernsWV] (August 18, 2017). "@ASourAppleTree Running for reelection" (Tweet). Retrieved August 18, 2017– via Twitter.
  24. ↑ Marks, Rusty (May 12, 2017). "McKinley says it's too early to announce campaign plans". State Journal . Retrieved May 18, 2017.[ permanent dead link ]
  25. ↑ Thomas, Alex (May 30, 2017). "McKinley to run for re-election in 2018". West Virginia MetroNews . Retrieved May 30, 2017.
  26. ↑ "McCuskey to serve as chairman for Jenkins' Senate campaign". wvrecord.com. August 18, 2017.
  27. ↑ "W.Va. Chamber PAC Announces 2018 Primary Election Endorsements". West Virginia Chamber of Commerce. April 23, 2018.
  28. 1 2 "Campaign Trails: Chamber issues endorsements in primary". The Herald-Dispatch. April 17, 2018.
  29. ↑ "Daily Mail endorsements: GOP Senate race is about who can beat Joe Manchin in November". Daily Mail. May 4, 2018.
  30. ↑ "West Virginia GOP Senate Debate 2018". Fox News. May 1, 2018. Archived from the original on May 2, 2018. Retrieved May 2, 2018.
  31. ↑ West Virginia Public Broadcasting (April 23, 2018). "Republican Senate Debate" – via YouTube.
  32. ↑ Tom Willis with 4 percent, Bo Copley with 2 percent, and Jack Newbrough with 1 percent
  33. ↑ Tom Willis with 3 percent, Bo Copley and Jack Newbrough with 1 percent
  34. ↑ Bo Copley with 2.5 percent, Tom Willis with 1.4 percent, and Jack Newbrough with "an unregistered amount"
  35. ↑ Tom Willis and Jack Newbrough with 4 percent; Bo Copley with 2 percent
  36. ↑ "United States Senate Republican primary election in West Virginia, 2018".
  37. ↑ "WV SOS - Elections - Candidate - Online Data Services". services.sos.wv.gov. Archived from the original on June 16, 2018. Retrieved June 16, 2018.
  38. ↑ Isenstadt, Alex (May 21, 2018). "Blankenship to wage third-party bid after losing primary". Politico . Retrieved May 21, 2018.
  39. ↑ "Don Blankenship To Mount Third-Party Senate Bid After Losing W.Va. GOP Primary". NPR .
    "Convicted Coal Executive Starts Third-Party Ballot Petition Drive In W.Va". June 6, 2018.
  40. ↑ Montellaro, Zach (August 29, 2018). "West Virginia Supreme Court denies Blankenship a spot on Senate ballot". POLITICO. Retrieved August 29, 2018.
  41. ↑ "W.Va. Constitution Party Nominates Don Blankenship as Candidate for U.S. Senate : Constitution Party of West Virginia". cpwv.org.
  42. ↑ "Mark Brazaitis announces write-in U.S. Senate candidacy - Dominion Post". www.dominionpost.com. September 3, 2018.
  43. ↑ "2018 Senate Race Ratings for October 26, 2018". The Cook Political Report. Retrieved March 13, 2021.
  44. ↑ "2018 Senate Ratings". The Rothenberg Political Report. Retrieved March 13, 2021.
  45. ↑ "2018 Crystal Ball Senate race ratings". Sabato's Crystal Ball. Retrieved October 11, 2017.
  46. ↑ "Key Races: Senate" . Retrieved July 15, 2018.
  47. ↑ "Battle for the Senate 2018" . Retrieved July 15, 2018.
  48. ↑ "Daily Kos Elections 2018 race ratings". Daily Kos. Retrieved August 18, 2018.
  49. ↑ "2018 Senate Power Rankings". Fox News . Retrieved July 10, 2018.
  50. ↑ Silver, Nate (September 11, 2018). "West Virginia - 2018 Senate Forecast". FiveThirtyEight. Retrieved November 1, 2018.
  51. 1 2 Brodey, Sam (August 4, 2017). "Franken, Klobuchar step up early with 2018 campaign cash for endangered Senate colleagues". MinnPost . Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  52. ↑ "OH, PA & WV-Sen: Sen. Elizabeth Warren (D. MA) Helps These Dems Fight To Save Your Health Care". Daily Kos. June 12, 2018.
  53. ↑ Campbell, Christine (June 29, 2018). "AFT-West Virginia Committee on Political Education 2018 General Endorsements" (PDF). AFT-West Virginia.
  54. ↑ "The WVEA-PAC and JCEA-PAC proudly endorse the following candidates in the 2018 West Virginia Primary. Each candidate is a true proponent of public education and has stood with West Virginia educators on the issues that affect our profession the most". www.facebook.com. Jackson County Education Association. April 25, 2018.
  55. ↑ "West Virginia – Official UAW Endorsements". uawendorsements.org. United Automobile Workers. Archived from the original on July 21, 2018. Retrieved August 3, 2018.
  56. ↑ Roberts, Cecil (March 28, 2018). "UMWA COMPAC Announces Endorsements for West Virginia Primary Election - UMWA". UMWA.
  57. ↑ Sword, Josh; Walters, Andy; Breeden, Sherry; Ruckle, Stacey (June 12, 2018). "2018 General Endorsements". West Virginia AFL-CIO. Archived from the original on June 21, 2018. Retrieved July 6, 2018.
  58. ↑ Lee, Dale (May 1, 2018). "One week to go until Primary Election Day - Tuesday, May 8. Early voting is currently underway. Remember to take some form of ID to the polls". www.facebook.com. West Virginia Education Association.
  59. ↑ Hutchinson, Bill; Efaw, David. "Building Trades Endorsements for 2018 General Election" (PDF). West Virginia State Building and Construction Trades Council, AFL-CIO.
  60. ↑ "Candidates We Endorse and Support - NCPSSM". www.ncpssm.org.
  61. 1 2 3 "WV MetroNews – Saban, Huggins and West star in latest Manchin ad". wvmetronews.com. October 18, 2018.
  62. ↑ "The Sunday News-Register Endorses Joe Manchin for U.S. Senate". The Intelligencer. October 21, 2018.
  63. ↑ Hagen, Lisa (August 10, 2018). "Trump to campaign for Morrisey in West Virginia". TheHill.
  64. ↑ "Trump endorses Patrick Morrisey for U.S. Senate | News, Sports, Jobs - The Times Leader". The Times Leader.
  65. ↑ Mike Pence. "Congratulations to @MorriseyWV on his victory tonight. @RealDonaldTrump and I look forward to working with him. The great people of WV need a senator who supports the #MAGA agenda". Twitter.
  66. ↑ Capito for WV. "My full statement on tonight's election results". Twitter.
  67. ↑ Ted Cruz. "In the race for U.S. Senate in West Virginia, I am proud to endorse Attorney General @morriseywv, and I urge the voters in West Virginia to join me by supporting him: #WVSen". Twitter.
  68. ↑ "Kentucky Senator Rand Paul to Rally for West Virginia Attorney General Patrick Morrisey". WOWK. May 3, 2018.
  69. ↑ Bluestein, Greg (August 24, 2018). "David Perdue aims to shore up embattled Senate candidates". Politically Georgia.
  70. ↑ Raven Tiara Brown. "Senator Shelley Moore Capito, Congressman Alex Mooney, and Congressman David McKinley gather in support of Attorney General Patrick Morrisey for a Get-Out-The-Vote Kickoff event in Charleston. @wchs8fox11". Twitter.
  71. ↑ Alex Mooney. "Today, I am proud to endorse my friend and fellow conservative, @MorriseyWV for the United States Senate". Twitter.
  72. ↑ Colegrove, Andrew (May 9, 2018). "Evan Jenkins loses Senate primary race".
  73. ↑ Zuckerman, Jake (August 21, 2018). "In Charleston, Trump endorses Morrisey, takes aim at media in testy speech" – via www.wvgazettemail.com.
  74. ↑ Pathé, Simone (February 20, 2018). "Scott Walker Backs Patrick Morrisey in West Virginia Senate Primary" – via www.rollcall.com.
  75. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 "Morrisey pulling in endorsements after announcing Senate run". wvrecord.com. July 20, 2017.
  76. 1 2 3 Zuckerman, Jake (July 22, 2017). "Manchin raises big money for Senate campaign; Jenkins lags behind". Charleston Gazette-Mail . Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  77. ↑ "Morrisey pulling in endorsements after announcing Senate run - Patrick Morrisey". July 20, 2017. Archived from the original on January 17, 2018. Retrieved January 16, 2018.
  78. ↑ AG Patrick Morrisey. "Humbled that Trump group, Great American Alliance, has endorsed my candidacy. Honored to be one of first three Senate candidates announced". Twitter.
  79. ↑ "Patrick Morrisey for Senate in West Virginia". Senate Conservatives Fund . January 24, 2018.
  80. ↑ "ACU Endorses Patrick Morrisey". American Conservative Union . March 29, 2018.
  81. ↑ "Citizens Fund Endorses Patrick Morrisey for Senate in West Virginia". Tea Party Patriots Citizens Fund. April 16, 2018. Archived from the original on April 16, 2018. Retrieved April 16, 2018.
  82. ↑ "Morrisey Receives Endorsement from Conservative Family Policy Council of West Virginia". Morrisey for Senate. Archived from the original on July 15, 2018. Retrieved July 15, 2018.
  83. ↑ Students For Trump. "Liberal Joe Manchin has been deceiving the people of West Virginia for years!He supported Obama and Crooked Hillary,yet now supports Trump's policies when it is convenient for him.West Virginia deserves a Senator that shares their values! Elect @morriseywv @DonaldJTrumpJr". Twitter.
  84. ↑ "Republican Jewish Coalition launches first wave of midterm endorsements". NBCNews.com . July 23, 2018. Archived from the original on August 1, 2018.
  85. ↑ "Coal Association Endorses Morrisey for US Senate". WV Coal Association. August 21, 2018. Archived from the original on August 28, 2018. Retrieved August 28, 2018.
  86. ↑ Thomas, Alex (August 30, 2018). "US Chamber of Commerce backs Morrisey in Senate matchup". West Virginia MetroNews . Archived from the original on August 30, 2018.
  87. ↑ "NRA Endorses Patrick Morrisey for U.S. Senate". NRA-ILA. September 10, 2018. Archived from the original on September 11, 2018.
  88. ↑ John Bowden (October 19, 2018). "Blankenship endorses ex-W.Va. GOP Senate rival, calls him 'lying' drug lobbyist". The Hill .
  89. ↑ "Dinesh D'Souza on Twitter".
  90. ↑ Ben Kamisar (April 27, 2018). "Gorka backs W.Va. attorney general in GOP Senate bid". The Hill .
  91. ↑ Donald Trump Jr. "He voted with Obama 83% of the time, sponsored gun control legislation and voted for excessive regulation. He's about as far from #maga as it gets. Lying about it now won't help. Vote @MorriseyWV for someone who will support @realDonaldTrump #WV #wvpol". Twitter.
  92. ↑ "Patrick Morrisey for Senate". National Review . April 30, 2018. Retrieved April 30, 2018.
  93. ↑ "Campaign finance data" . Retrieved September 2, 2018.
  94. ↑ "Election Night Reporting".
  95. ↑ https://twitter.com/JMilesColeman/status/1060027548107714560
  96. ↑ "WV – Election Night Reporting" . Retrieved October 12, 2020.
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