231

Last updated

Millennium: 1st millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
231 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar 231
CCXXXI
Ab urbe condita 984
Assyrian calendar 4981
Balinese saka calendar 152–153
Bengali calendar −362
Berber calendar 1181
Buddhist calendar 775
Burmese calendar −407
Byzantine calendar 5739–5740
Chinese calendar 庚戌年 (Metal  Dog)
2928 or 2721
     to 
辛亥年 (Metal  Pig)
2929 or 2722
Coptic calendar −53 – −52
Discordian calendar 1397
Ethiopian calendar 223–224
Hebrew calendar 3991–3992
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat 287–288
 - Shaka Samvat 152–153
 - Kali Yuga 3331–3332
Holocene calendar 10231
Iranian calendar 391 BP – 390 BP
Islamic calendar 403 BH – 402 BH
Javanese calendar 109–110
Julian calendar 231
CCXXXI
Korean calendar 2564
Minguo calendar 1681 before ROC
民前1681年
Nanakshahi calendar −1237
Seleucid era 542/543 AG
Thai solar calendar 773–774
Tibetan calendar 阳金狗年
(male Iron-Dog)
357 or −24 or −796
     to 
阴金猪年
(female Iron-Pig)
358 or −23 or −795

Year 231 ( CCXXXI ) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known in Rome as the Year of the Consulship of Claudius and Sallustus (or, less frequently, year 984 Ab urbe condita ). The denomination 231 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">251</span> Calendar year

Year 251 (CCLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, in the Roman Empire, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Traianus and Etruscus. The denomination 251 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

The 230s decade ran from January 1, 230, to December 31, 239.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">244</span> Calendar year

Year 244 (CCXLIV) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Armenius and Aemilianus. The denomination 244 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Three Kingdoms</span> Period of Chinese history from 220 to 280 AD

The Three Kingdoms of Cao Wei, Shu Han, and Eastern Wu dominated China from 220 to 280 AD following the end of the Han dynasty. This period was preceded by the Eastern Han dynasty and followed by the Western Jin dynasty. Academically, the periodisation begins with the establishment of Cao Wei in 220 and ends with the conquest of Wu by Jin in 280. The period immediately preceding the Three Kingdoms, from 184 to 220, was marked by chaotic infighting among warlords across China as Han authority collapsed. The period from 220 to 263 was marked by a comparatively stable arrangement between Cao Wei, Shu Han, and Eastern Wu. This stability broke down with the conquest of Shu by Wei in 263, followed by the usurpation of Cao Wei by Jin in 266 and ultimately the conquest of Wu by Jin in 280.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">266</span> Calendar year

Year 266 (CCLXVI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Gallienus and Sabinillus. The denomination 266 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Year 197 (CXCVII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Magius and Rufinus. The denomination 197 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Year 228 (CCXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Modestus and Maecius. The denomination 228 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sun Quan</span> King and founding Emperor of the Eastern Wu kingdom (r. 222–252)

Sun Quan, courtesy name Zhongmou (仲謀), posthumously known as Emperor Da of Wu, was the founder of Eastern Wu, one of the Three Kingdoms of China. He inherited control of the warlord regime established by his elder brother, Sun Ce, in 200. He declared formal independence and ruled from November 222 to May 229 as the King of Wu and from May 229 to May 252 as the Emperor of Wu. Unlike his rivals Cao Cao and Liu Bei, Sun Quan was much younger and governed his state mostly separate of politics and ideology. He is sometimes portrayed as neutral considering he adopted a flexible foreign policy between his two rivals with the goal of pursuing the greatest interests for the country.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zhang He</span> General serving warlord Cao Cao (died 231)

Zhang He, courtesy name Junyi, was a military general serving under the warlord Cao Cao in the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. He continued serving in the state of Cao Wei under its first two rulers, Cao Pi and Cao Rui, during the Three Kingdoms period until his death.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cao Wei</span> Chinese kingdom (220–266) during the Three Kingdoms period

Wei was one of the major dynastic states in China during the Three Kingdoms period. The state was established in 220 by Cao Pi based upon the foundations laid by his father Cao Cao during the end of the Han dynasty. Its capital was initially located at Xuchang, and was later moved to Luoyang.

Gongsun Yuan, courtesy name Wenyi, was a Chinese military general, politician, and warlord who lived in the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He rebelled against Wei in 237 and declared himself "King of Yan" (燕王). In 238, the Cao Wei general Sima Yi led forces to Liaodong and successfully conquered Yan.

Cao Huan, courtesy name Jingming, was the fifth and last emperor of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period. On 4 February 266, he abdicated the throne in favour of regent Sima Yan, and brought an end to the Wei regime. After his abdication, Cao Huan was granted the title "Prince of Chenliu" and held it until his death, after which he was posthumously honoured as "Emperor Yuan ".

Niu Jin was a military general serving under the warlord Cao Cao during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. He continued serving in the state of Cao Wei, founded by Cao Cao's successor Cao Pi, during the Three Kingdoms period of China.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fei Yao</span> 3rd century Cao Wei general

Fei Yao was a military general of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China.

Guanqiu Jian, courtesy name Zhonggong, was a Chinese military general and politician of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China.

Cao Xun was an imperial prince of the state of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period of China. He was an adopted son of Cao Rui, the second emperor of Wei. While the identities of his parents are unknown, Cao Xun was allegedly a son of Cao Kai (曹楷), the son of Cao Zhang. On 23 September 235, Cao Rui enfeoffed Cao Xun as the Prince of Qin (秦王). Cao Xun died sometime between 19 September and 18 October 244.

Wu Zhi, courtesy name Jizhong, was an official and military general of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China.

Wen Qin, courtesy name Zhongruo, was a Chinese military general and politician of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China.

Wang Ling, courtesy name Yanyun, was a Chinese military general and politician of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China.

Cáo is the pinyin romanization of the Chinese surname (Cáo). It is listed 26th in the Song-era Hundred Family Surnames poem. Cao is romanized as "Tsao" in Wade-Giles (Ts'ao), which is widely adopted in Taiwan, although the apostrophe is often omitted in practice. It is romanized "Cho", "Tso", and "Chaw" in Cantonese; "Chou", "Chô", and "Chow" in Hokkien; and "Chau", "Chow" in Teochew. It is romanized "Zau" or "Dzau" in Shanghainese.

References

  1. Crespigny, Rafe de (2010). Imperial Warlord: A Biography of Cao Cao 155-220 AD. BRILL. p. 459. ISBN   9789004188303.