3317 Paris

Last updated

3317 Paris
Discovery [1]
Discovered by C. Shoemaker
E. Shoemaker
Discovery site Palomar Obs.
Discovery date26 May 1984
Designations
(3317) Paris
Pronunciation /ˈpɛərɪs/ [2] [3]
Named after
Paris (Greek mythology) [1]
1984 KF ·1963 QD
1982 BN3 ·1982 DC
Jupiter trojan [1] [4] [5]
Trojan [6] [7]  · background [7]
Adjectives Paridian
Orbital characteristics [4]
Epoch 23 March 2018 (JD 2458200.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc 54.43 yr (19,879 d)
Aphelion 5.8845 AU
Perihelion 4.5601 AU
5.2223 AU
Eccentricity 0.1268
11.93 yr (4,359 d)
245.60°
0° 4m 57.36s / day
Inclination 27.866°
135.90°
2022-Jan-09 [8]
149.91°
Jupiter  MOID 0.4085 AU
TJupiter 2.7530
Physical characteristics
Dimensions116.0 km × 116.0 km [9]
Mean diameter
116.26±5.2  km [10]
118.79±1.18 km [11]
120.45±1.65 km [12]
7.048±0.005  h [13] [lower-alpha 1]
7.082±0.001 h [14]
7.082±0.004 h [15]
7.091±0.002 h [16] [lower-alpha 1]
0.055±0.009 [11]
0.059±0.002 [12]
0.0625(derived) [5]
0.0626±0.006 [10]
T (SMASS-II) [9]
D (Bus–DeMeo) [9]
B–V = 0.960±0.060 [17]
V–R = 0.480±0.040 [17]
V–I = 0.950±0.010 [5]
8.30 [1] [5] [10] [12]
8.32±0.27 [18]
8.4 [11]

    3317 Paris, provisional designation 1984 KF, is a large Jupiter trojan from the Trojan camp, approximately 119 kilometers (74 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 26 May 1984 by American astronomer couple Carolyn and Eugene Shoemaker at Palomar Observatory in California, United States. [1] The unusual and likely spherical T-type asteroid is one of the largest Jupiter trojans and has a rotation period of 7.1 hours. [5] It was named after Trojan prince Paris from Greek mythology. [1]

    Contents

    Orbit and classification

    Paris is located in the L5 Lagrangian point, 60° behind Jupiter in the so-called Trojan camp. [6] It is also a non-family asteroid of the Jovian background population. [7] [9]

    It orbits the Sun at a distance of 4.6–5.9  AU once every 11 years and 11 months (4,359 days; semi-major axis of 5.22 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.13 and an inclination of 28° with respect to the ecliptic. [4] The body's observation arc begins as 1963 QD at Goethe Link Observatory in August 1963, more than 20 years prior to its official discovery observation at Palomar. [1]

    Physical characteristics

    The largest Jupiter trojans
    TrojanDiameter (km)
    624 Hektor 225
    617 Patroclus 140
    911 Agamemnon 131
    588 Achilles 130
    3451 Mentor 126
    3317 Paris 119
    1867 Deiphobus 118
    1172 Äneas 118
    1437 Diomedes 118
    1143 Odysseus 115
    Source: JPL Small-Body Database, NEOWISE data

    In the SMASS classification, Paris is a rare T-type asteroid, while in the Bus–DeMeo classification it is a dark D-type asteroid, the most common type among the Jupiter trojans. [9] Its V–I color index of 0.95 is typical for D-type asteroids. [5]

    Rotation period

    Several rotational lightcurve have been obtained since November 1990, when the first photometric observations of Paris – made by Italian astronomer Stefano Mottola, using the ESO 1-metre telescope at La Silla Observatory in Chile – gave a rotation period of 7.082±0.004 hours with a brightness variation of 0.08±0.01 magnitude. In July 1998, Mottola measured an identical period with an amplitude of 0.10 at Calar Alto Observatory in Spain ( U=2+/2+ ). [5] [15]

    Follow-up observations by Robert Stephens at the Center for Solar System Studies during 2016–2017 measured a period of 7.048 and 7.091 hours, each with an amplitude of 0.11 magnitude ( U=3-/3- ), [13] [16] [lower-alpha 1] superseding a period of 7.08 hours by René Roy and Federico Manzini reported in 2008 and 2009, respectively ( U=2/2+ ). [14] The low brightness variation measured in all photometric observations is also indicative of a spherical, rather than elongated shape. [5]

    Diameter and albedo

    An occultation of a star by Paris was measured on 17 August 2010, and gave a major and minor occultation axis of 116.0 × 116.0 kilometers (poor fit). [9]

    According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Paris measures between 116.26 and 120.45 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.055 and 0.0626. [10] [11] [12] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0625 and adopts a diameter of 116.26 kilometers from IRAS, based on an absolute magnitude of 8.3. [5]

    In the catalogs of the three mentioned surveys above, Paris is the 6th, 10th and 11th largest Jupiter trojan, respectively.

    100+ largest Jupiter trojans
    Largest Jupiter Trojans by survey(A)
    (mean-diameter in kilometers; YoD: Year of Discovery)
    Designation H WISE IRAS Akari Ln RP V–I YoDRef
    624 Hektor 7.2225233230.99L46.920.9301907 list
    617 Patroclus 8.19140.362140.92140.85L5102.800.8301906 list
    911 Agamemnon 7.89131.038166.66185.30L46.590.9801919 list
    588 Achilles 8.67130.099135.47133.22L47.310.9401906 list
    3451 Mentor 8.4126.288116.30117.91L57.700.7701984 list
    3317 Paris 8.3118.790116.26120.45L57.090.9501984 list
    1867 Deiphobus 8.3118.220122.67131.31L558.660.9301971 list
    1172 Äneas 8.33118.020142.82148.66L58.710.9501930 list
    1437 Diomedes 8.3117.786164.31172.60L424.490.8101937 list
    1143 Odysseus 7.93114.624125.64130.81L410.110.8601930 list
    2241 Alcathous 8.64113.682114.63118.87L57.690.9401979 list
    659 Nestor 8.99112.320108.87107.06L415.980.7901908 list
    3793 Leonteus 8.7112.04686.2687.58L45.620.7801985 list
    3063 Makhaon 8.4111.655116.14114.34L48.640.8301983 list
    1583 Antilochus 8.6108.842101.62111.69L431.540.9501950 list
    884 Priamus 8.81101.09396.29119.99L56.860.9001917 list
    1208 Troilus 8.99100.477103.34111.36L556.170.7401931 list
    1173 Anchises 8.8999.549126.27120.49L511.600.7801930 list
    2207 Antenor 8.8997.65885.1191.32L57.970.9501977 list
    2363 Cebriones 9.1195.97681.8484.61L520.050.9101977 list
    4063 Euforbo 8.795.619102.46106.38L48.850.9501989 list
    2357 Phereclos 8.9494.62594.9098.45L514.390.9601981 list
    4709 Ennomos 8.591.43380.8580.03L512.280.6901988 list
    2797 Teucer 8.789.430111.14113.99L410.150.9201981 list
    2920 Automedon 8.888.574111.01113.11L410.210.9501981 list
    15436 Dexius 9.187.64685.7178.63L48.970.8701998 list
    3596 Meriones 9.287.38075.0973.28L412.960.8301985 list
    2893 Peiroos 9.2386.88487.4686.76L58.960.9501975 list
    4086 Podalirius 9.185.49586.8985.98L410.430.8701985 list
    4060 Deipylos 9.384.04379.2186.79L49.300.7601987 list
    1404 Ajax 9.383.99081.6996.34L429.380.9601936 list
    4348 Poulydamas 9.582.03270.0887.51L59.910.8401988 list
    5144 Achates 9.080.95891.9189.85L55.960.9201991 list
    4833 Meges 8.980.16587.3389.39L414.250.9401989 list
    2223 Sarpedon 9.4177.48094.63108.21L522.740.8801977 list
    4489 Dracius 9.076.59592.9395.02L412.580.9501988 list
    2260 Neoptolemus 9.3176.43571.6581.28L48.180.9501975 list
    5254 Ulysses 9.276.14778.3480.00L428.720.9701986 list
    3708 Socus 9.375.66179.5976.75L56.550.9801974 list
    2674 Pandarus 9.174.26798.10101.72L58.481.0001982 list
    3564 Talthybius 9.473.73068.9274.11L440.590.9001985 list
    4834 Thoas 9.172.33186.8296.21L418.190.9501989 list
    7641 Cteatus 9.471.83968.9775.28L427.770.9801986 list
    3540 Protesilaos 9.370.22576.8487.66L48.950.9401973 list
    11395 Iphinous 9.868.97764.7167.78L417.381998 list
    4035 Thestor 9.668.73368.2366.99L413.470.9701986 list
    5264 Telephus 9.468.47273.2681.38L49.530.9701991 list
    1868 Thersites 9.568.16370.0878.89L410.480.9601960 list
    9799 Thronium 9.668.03364.8772.42L421.520.9101996 list
    4068 Menestheus 9.567.62562.3768.46L414.400.9501973 list
    23135 Pheidas 9.966.23058.2968.50L48.690.8602000 list
    2456 Palamedes 9.365.91691.6699.60L47.240.9201966 list
    3709 Polypoites 9.165.29799.0985.23L410.041.0001985 list
    1749 Telamon 9.564.89881.0669.14L416.980.9701949 list
    3548 Eurybates 9.663.88572.1468.40L48.710.7301973 list
    4543 Phoinix 9.763.83662.7969.54L438.871.2001989 list
    12444 Prothoon 9.863.83564.3162.41L515.821996 list
    4836 Medon 9.563.27767.7378.70L49.820.9201989 list
    16070 Charops 9.763.19164.1368.98L520.240.9601999 list
    15440 Eioneus 9.662.51966.4871.88L421.430.9701998 list
    4715 Medesicaste 9.762.09763.9165.93L58.810.8501989 list
    34746 Thoon 9.861.68460.5163.63L519.630.9502001 list
    38050 Bias 9.861.60361.0450.44L418.850.9901998 list
    5130 Ilioneus 9.760.71159.4052.49L514.770.9601989 list
    5027 Androgeos 9.659.78657.86n.a.L411.380.9101988 list
    6090 Aulis 9.459.56874.5381.92L418.480.9801989 list
    5648 Axius 9.759.29563.91n.a.L537.560.9001990 list
    7119 Hiera 9.759.15076.4077.29L44000.9501989 list
    4805 Asteropaios 10.057.64753.1643.44L512.371990 list
    16974 Iphthime 9.857.34155.4357.15L478.90.9601998 list
    4867 Polites 9.857.25158.2964.29L511.241.0101989 list
    2895 Memnon 10.056.70655.67n.a.L57.500.7101981 list
    4708 Polydoros 9.954.96455.67n.a.L57.520.9601988 list
    (21601) 1998 XO89 10.054.90955.6756.08L412.650.9701998 list
    12929 Periboea 9.954.07761.0455.34L59.270.8801999 list
    17492 Hippasos 10.053.97555.67n.a.L517.751991 list
    5652 Amphimachus 10.153.92153.1652.48L48.371.0501992 list
    2759 Idomeneus 9.953.67661.0152.55L432.380.9101980 list
    5258 Rhoeo 10.253.27550.77n.a.L419.851.0101989 list
    (12126) 1999 RM11 10.153.202n.a.n.a.L5n.a. ?1999 list
    (15502) 1999 NV27 10.053.10055.6750.86L515.130.8751999 list
    4754 Panthoos 10.053.02553.1556.96L527.681977 list
    4832 Palinurus 10.052.05853.16n.a.L55.321.0001988 list
    5126 Achaemenides 10.551.92244.2248.57L453.021989 list
    3240 Laocoon 10.251.69550.77n.a.L511.310.8801978 list
    4902 Thessandrus 9.851.26361.0471.79L47380.9601989 list
    11552 Boucolion 10.151.13653.1653.91L532.441993 list
    (20729) 1999 XS143 10.450.96146.30n.a.L45.721.0001999 list
    6545 Leitus 10.150.95153.16n.a.L416.260.9101986 list
    4792 Lykaon 10.150.87053.16n.a.L540.090.9601988 list
    21900 Orus 10.050.81055.6753.87L413.450.9501999 list
    1873 Agenor 10.150.79953.7654.38L520.601971 list
    5028 Halaesus 10.250.77050.77n.a.L424.940.9001988 list
    2146 Stentor 9.950.75558.29n.a.L416.401976 list
    4722 Agelaos 10.050.37853.1659.47L518.440.9101977 list
    5284 Orsilocus 10.150.15953.16n.a.L410.310.9701989 list
    11509 Thersilochos 10.149.96053.1656.23L517.371990 list
    5285 Krethon 10.149.60658.5352.61L412.041.0901989 list
    4791 Iphidamas 10.149.52857.8559.96L59.701.0301988 list
    9023 Mnesthus 10.149.15150.7760.80L530.661988 list
    5283 Pyrrhus 9.748.35664.5869.93L47.320.9501989 list
    4946 Askalaphus 10.248.20952.7166.10L422.730.9401988 list
    (22149) 2000 WD49 10.248.19050.7750.37L47.841.0902000 list
    (32496) 2000 WX182 10.248.01750.7751.63L523.340.9502000 list
    5120 Bitias 10.247.98750.77n.a.L515.210.7801988 list
    12714 Alkimos 10.147.81961.0454.62L428.481991 list
    7352 Hypsenor 9.947.73155.67 47.07L56480.8501994 list
    1870 Glaukos 10.647.64942.23n.a.L55.991971 list
    4138 Kalchas 10.146.46253.1661.04L429.20.8101973 list
    (23958) 1998 VD30 10.246.00150.7747.91L45620.9901998 list
    4828 Misenus 10.445.95446.30 43.22L512.870.9201988 list
    4057 Demophon 10.145.68353.16n.a.L429.821.0601985 list
    4501 Eurypylos 10.445.52446.30n.a.L46.051989 list
    4007 Euryalos 10.345.51548.4853.89L46.391973 list
    5259 Epeigeus 10.344.74142.5944.42L418.421989 list
    30705 Idaios 10.444.54646.30n.a.L515.741977 list
    16560 Daitor 10.743.86151.4243.38L51991 list
    (15977) 1998 MA11 10.443.53046.3051.53L52500.9061998 list
    7543 Prylis 10.642.89342.23n.a.L417.801973 list
    4827 Dares 10.542.77044.22n.a.L519.001988 list
    1647 Menelaus 10.542.71644.22n.a.L417.740.8661957 list
    (A) Used sources: WISE/NEOWISE catalog (NEOWISE_DIAM_V1 PDS, Grav, 2012); IRAS data (SIMPS v.6 catalog); and Akari catalog (Usui, 2011); RP: rotation period and V–I (color index) taken from the LCDB

    Note: missing data was completed with figures from the JPL SBDB (query) and from the LCDB (query form) for the WISE/NEOWISE and SIMPS catalogs, respectively. These figures are given in italics. Also, listing is incomplete above #100.

    Naming

    This minor planet was named from Greek mythology, after prince Paris, one of the many sons of King Priam of Troy. His abduction of Helen of Troy, wife of Menelaus, gave cause to the Trojan War. [1] The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 27 December 1985 ( M.P.C. 10312). [19]

    In culture

    Notes

    1. 1 2 3 Lightcurve plots of (3317) Paris from Feb 2016, Jan 2017 by Robert Stephens at the Center for Solar System Studies ( U81 ). Quality code is 3/3- (lightcurve rating at CS3). Summary figures at the LCDB and CS3.

    Related Research Articles

    884 Priamus is a large Jupiter trojan from the Trojan camp, approximately 110 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 22 September 1917, by German astronomer Max Wolf at Heidelberg Observatory in southern Germany. The dark D-type asteroid is one of the 20 largest Jupiter trojans and has a rotation period of 6.9 hours. It was named after the Trojan king Priam from Greek mythology.

    3708 Socus (provisional designation: 1974 FV1) is a large Jupiter trojan from the Trojan camp, approximately 77 kilometers (48 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 21 March 1974, by staff members of the Cerro El Roble Observatory owned and operated by the Department of Astronomy of the University of Chile. The assumed C-type asteroid has a rotation period of 6.55 hours. It was named after Socus, a hero from Greek mythology, who was killed in battle by Odysseus.

    5144 Achates is a large Jupiter trojan from the Trojan camp, approximately 90 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 2 December 1991, by American astronomer Carolyn Shoemaker at the Palomar Observatory in southern California, United States. The assumed C-type asteroid has a rotation period of 6 hours, a notably eccentric orbit of 0.27, and belongs to the 40 largest Jupiter trojans. It was named after Achates from Greco-Roman mythology.

    4722 Agelaos is a Jupiter trojan from the Trojan camp, approximately 53 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered during the third Palomar–Leiden Trojan survey at the Palomar Observatory in California in 1977. The Jovian asteroid has a rotation period of 18.4 hours and belongs to the 90 largest Jupiter trojans. It was named after Agelaus from Greek mythology.

    2241 Alcathous is a large Jupiter trojan from the Trojan camp, approximately 115 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 22 November 1979, by American astronomer Charles Kowal at the Palomar Observatory in southern California, United States. The dark D-type asteroid belongs to the 20 largest Jupiter trojans and has a rotation period of 7.7 hours. It was named after Alcathous from Greek mythology.

    2207 Antenor is a large Jupiter trojan from the Trojan camp, approximately 92 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 19 August 1977, by Russian astronomer Nikolai Chernykh at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory in Nauchnyj on the Crimean peninsula. The dark D-type asteroid is one of the 30 largest Jupiter trojans and has a rotation period of 7.97 hours. It was named for the Trojan hero and sage Antenor, from Greek mythology. In October 2018, it was reported that Antenor is likely a binary system. If confirmed, it would be 5th known binary Jupiter trojan.

    5120 Bitias is a Jupiter trojan from the Trojan camp, approximately 48 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 13 October 1988, by American astronomer Carolyn Shoemaker at the Palomar Observatory in California. The assumed C-type asteroid has a rotation period of 15.2 hours. It was named after Bitias, a companion of Aeneus in Virgil's Aeneid.

    2363 Cebriones is a large Jupiter trojan from the Trojan camp, approximately 84 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 4 October 1977, by astronomers at the Purple Mountain Observatory in Nanking, China. The dark D-type asteroid is one of the 40 largest Jupiter trojans and has a rotation period of 20 hours. It was named after Cebriones, Hektor's charioteer from Greek mythology.

    1867 Deiphobus is a dark Jupiter trojan from the Trojan camp, approximately 123 kilometers (76 mi) in diameter. It was discovered on 3 March 1971, by Argentine astronomers Carlos Cesco and A. G. Samuel at the Leoncito Astronomical Complex in Argentina, and later named after the Trojan prince Deiphobus from Greek mythology. The dark D-type asteroid is one of the largest Jupiter trojans. It is a member of the Ennomos family and has a long rotation period of 58.66 hours.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">4709 Ennomos</span> Jupiter trojan asteroid

    4709 Ennomos is a large Jupiter trojan from the Trojan camp and the namesake of the small Ennomos family, approximately 81 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 12 October 1988, by American astronomer Carolyn Shoemaker at the Palomar Observatory in California. The relatively bright and possibly elongated Jovian asteroid belongs to the 40 largest Jupiter trojans and has a rotation period of 12.3 hours. It was named after Ennomus (Ennomos), a Trojan warrior killed by Achilles.

    4063 Euforbo is a large Jupiter trojan from the Greek camp, approximately 100 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 1 February 1989, by Italian astronomers at the San Vittore Observatory near Bologna, Italy. The dark D-type asteroid is one of the 25 largest Jupiter trojans and has a rotation period of 8.8 hours. It was named after Euphorbus (Euforbo) from Greek mythology.

    4791 Iphidamas is a Jupiter trojan from the Trojan camp, approximately 58 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 14 August 1988, by American astronomer Carolyn Shoemaker at the Palomar Observatory in California. The dark Jovian asteroid belongs the 100 largest Jupiter trojans and has a rotation period of 9.7 hours. It was named after the Trojan warrior Iphidamas, from Greek mythology.

    4836 Medon is a large Jupiter trojan from the Greek camp, approximately 68 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 2 February 1989, by American astronomer Carolyn Shoemaker at the Palomar Observatory in California. The dark asteroid has a rotation period of 9.82 hours and belongs to the 60 largest Jupiter trojans. It was named after the mythological Greek warrior Medon.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">3451 Mentor</span> Jupiter trojan asteroid

    3451 Mentor is a large Jupiter trojan from the Trojan camp, approximately 120 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 19 April 1984, by Czech astronomer Antonín Mrkos at the Kleť Observatory in the Czech Republic. The uncommon Jovian X-type asteroid is one of the largest Jupiter trojans and has a rotation period of 7.7 hours. It was named after Mentor from Greek mythology. Mentor, a man who was rich in horse at Pedaeus. He was the father of the spearman Imbrius, an ally of the Trojans.

    2893 Peiroos is a large Jupiter trojan from the Trojan camp, approximately 87 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 30 August 1975, by astronomers of the Felix Aguilar Observatory at the Leoncito Astronomical Complex in Argentina. The D-type asteroid has a rotation period of 8.96 hours and belongs to the 40 largest Jupiter trojans. It was named after Peiroos (Peirous) from Greek mythology.

    2357 Phereclos is a large Jupiter trojan from the Trojan camp, approximately 95 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 1 January 1981, by American astronomer Edward Bowell at the Anderson Mesa Station near Flagstaff, Arizona, in the United States. The dark and possibly spherical D-type asteroid belongs to the 30 largest Jupiter trojans and has a rotation period of 14.4 hours. It was named after the shipbuilder Phereclos from Greek mythology.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">1172 Äneas</span> Jupiter trojan asteroid

    1172 Äneas is a large Jupiter trojan from the Trojan camp, approximately 140 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 17 October 1930, by astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany. The dark D-type asteroid is one of the largest Jupiter trojans and has a rotation period of 8.7 hours. It is named after the Trojan prince Aeneas, from Greek mythology.

    2223 Sarpedon is a dark Jupiter trojan from the Trojan camp, approximately 90 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 4 October 1977, by astronomers at the Purple Mountain Observatory near Nanking, China. The D-type asteroid belongs to the 30 largest Jupiter trojans and has a rotation period of 22.7 hours. It was named after the Lycian hero Sarpedon from Greek mythology.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">4715 Medesicaste</span>

    4715 Medesicaste (prov. designation: 1989 TS1) is a dark Jupiter trojan from the Trojan camp, approximately 64 kilometers (40 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 9 October 1989, by Japanese astronomer Yoshiaki Oshima at the Gekko Observatory east of Shizuoka, Japan. The assumed C-type asteroid belongs to the 70 largest Jupiter trojans. It is possibly elongated in shape and has a rotation period of 8.8 hours. It was named from Greek mythology after Medesicaste, an illegitimate daughter of Trojan King Priam.

    5648 Axius, provisional designation: 1990 VU1, is a Jupiter trojan from the Trojan camp, approximately 60 kilometers (37 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 11 November 1990, by Japanese amateur astronomers Kin Endate and Kazuro Watanabe at the Kitami Observatory on the northern island of Hokkaidō, Japan. The dark D-type asteroid belongs to the 70 largest Jupiter trojans and has a long rotation period of 37.6 hours. It was named after Axius, a river god from Greek mythology.

    References

    1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "3317 Paris (1984 KF)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 5 March 2018.
    2. Classical pronunciation. /ˈpærɪs/ is the city.
    3. Noah Webster (1884) A Practical Dictionary of the English Language
    4. 1 2 3 "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 3317 Paris (1984 KF)" (2018-01-23 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory . Retrieved 5 March 2018.
    5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "LCDB Data for (3317) Paris". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 5 March 2018.
    6. 1 2 "List of Jupiter Trojans". Minor Planet Center. 4 October 2017. Retrieved 5 March 2018.
    7. 1 2 3 "Asteroid (3317) Paris – Proper elements". AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
    8. JPL Horizons Observer Location: @sun (Perihelion occurs when deldot changes from negative to positive.)
    9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Asteroid 3317 Paris". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 14 June 2018.
    10. 1 2 3 4 Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System – IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T . Retrieved 15 June 2018.
    11. 1 2 3 4 Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Bauer, J. M.; Masiero, J. R.; Nugent, C. R. (November 2012). "WISE/NEOWISE Observations of the Jovian Trojan Population: Taxonomy". The Astrophysical Journal. 759 (1): 10. arXiv: 1209.1549 . Bibcode:2012ApJ...759...49G. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/759/1/49. S2CID   119101711. (online catalog)
    12. 1 2 3 4 Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    13. 1 2 Stephens, Robert D.; Coley, Daniel R.; French, Linda M. (July 2016). "A Report from the L5 Trojan Camp - Lightcurves of Jovian Trojan Asteroids from the Center for Solar System Studies". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 43 (3): 265–270. Bibcode:2016MPBu...43..265S. ISSN   1052-8091.
    14. 1 2 Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (3317) Paris". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 5 March 2018.
    15. 1 2 Mottola, Stefano; Di Martino, Mario; Erikson, Anders; Gonano-Beurer, Maria; Carbognani, Albino; Carsenty, Uri; et al. (May 2011). "Rotational Properties of Jupiter Trojans. I. Light Curves of 80 Objects". The Astronomical Journal. 141 (5): 32. Bibcode:2011AJ....141..170M. doi: 10.1088/0004-6256/141/5/170 .
    16. 1 2 Stephens, Robert D.; Coley, Daniel R. (July 2017). "Lightcurve Analysis of Trojan Asteroids at the Center for Solar System Studies 2017 January - March". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 44 (3): 252–257. Bibcode:2017MPBu...44..252S. ISSN   1052-8091. PMC   7243922 . PMID   32455404.
    17. 1 2 Chatelain, Joseph P.; Henry, Todd J.; French, Linda M.; Winters, Jennifer G.; Trilling, David E. (June 2016). "Photometric colors of the brightest members of the Jupiter L5 Trojan cloud". Icarus. 271: 158–169. Bibcode:2016Icar..271..158C. doi: 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.01.026 .
    18. Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv: 1506.00762 . Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. S2CID   53493339.
    19. "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 5 March 2018.
    20. Tayler, Howard (20 July 2010). "Schlock Mercenary archives - Tuesday, July 20, 2010". Schlock Mercenary . Archived from the original on 24 July 2010. Retrieved 27 July 2010.