42 (school)

Last updated
42
42 Logo.svg
Motto
Born2Code
TypePrivate
Nonprofit
Established
  • 2013 (2013) (Paris)
  • 2016 (2016) (Fremont)
  • 2021 (2021) (Istanbul)
  • 2021 (2021) (Kocaeli)
  • 2021 (2021) (Adelaide)
  • 2022 (2022) (Berlin)
President Xavier Niel
DirectorSophie Viger
Administrative staff
  • Paris: 29
  • Adelaide: 7
Students
  • Paris: 2,550
  • Adelaide: 300
  • Istanbul: 492
  • Kocaeli: 275
Location
Colours     Blue, green, red
Website www.42network.org

42 is a private institution of education in computer science founded by Xavier Niel, Nicolas Sadirac (former executive director at Epitech), [1] Kwame Yamgnane, and Florian Bucher (former executives at Epitech). [2] The school opened in Paris in 2013. The school does not have any professors and is open 24/7. Students are trained through peer-to-peer pedagogy, and project-based learning.

Contents

42's name is a reference to the book The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy written by British author Douglas Adams: in the book, 42 is the Answer to the Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe, and Everything. [3]

History

Xavier Niel, one of the founders of 42 Xavier Niel004.jpg
Xavier Niel, one of the founders of 42

Announced on March 26, 2013, 42 was opened in Paris on July 15, 2013, for the selection phase called La Piscine (the swimming-pool). On May 17, 2016, 42 announced plans to open a second campus in Fremont, California. [4] The Fremont campus was closed in 2020. [5]

As of 2024, campuses have been opened in over 30 countries. [6] In addition to the official campus in Paris, France, the school model was adopted in Lyon, Reims, and Mulhouse, France, as well as in Spain, Romania, South Africa, Ukraine, Bulgaria, Moldova, [7] Belgium, Russia, Morocco, the Netherlands, Indonesia, Finland, [8] Germany, [9] Adelaide, Australia, [10] Armenia, [11] the United Arab Emirates, [12] London, [13] Quebec, Canada, [14] Bangkok, [15] Florence, [16] Rome, [17] Lausanne, Switzerland, [18] Turkey, Vienna, Austria, [19] Tirana, [20] and others.

Admission and registration

The candidate must be at least 18 years old or hold a baccalauréat (it is possible to start an application for candidates in the year of their baccalaureate). No diploma is required for applicants over 18 years of age. In 2015, an experiment took place with Pôle Emploi to train a group of around thirty unemployed seniors in programming for ten months. This training has since been renewed each year.

The first selection is made using a series of logic and memory tests on the institution's website intended to assess the students' abilities to learn computer science. The second selection is called the “piscine”, meaning "pool" in French: an intensive four-week selection process during which the applicant must carry out practical work in the C Language as well as community service, sometimes considered by students as a degrading punishment. [21] It's not uncommon for students to work 10 to 12h per day, including on week-ends, to complete the "piscine". Under the eye of the educational team who scrutinizes all their actions from the "jar" (office of the educational team) using surveillance-based big data: where are the students sitting? With whom are their usually pairing? .... [22]

Registration for training is free and concerns each year about 850 students in Paris.

Training structure

There are no lectures or practical work supervised by professors. Students are free to organize their days to carry out the projects proposed by the teaching team. The establishment is open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.

The training provided is intended to be inspired by the changes brought about by the Internet with a pedagogy qualified as "peer-to-peer". Depending on the course chosen by the student, it delivers an RNCP title of level 6 or 7: a certificate recognized by the French State, but no diploma. [23]

The mode of operation of 42 was inspired by that of Epitech: selection using "swimming pool" sessions and teaching according to the project mode. 42 Network attempts to establish 24/7 technology support communities in major cities worldwide through the participation of collaborative entities, achieving integration of education, industry, and technology exchange.

Program

The first projects are mainly focused on development in C language in a UNIX platform environment. Depending on their level, the student can enroll in four-week educational “pools” to discover new programming paradigms: web in PHP, object-oriented in C++, functional in OCaml and Unity. Other projects introduce students to computer security, mobile development and the network.[ citation needed ]

Business model

The investment was made by Niel: 70 million euros, including 20 million for the creation of the Parisian establishment and 50 million to cover its operating costs for 10 years. The objective when creating 42 is to allow the creation of 150 companies each year, including five Internet giants, in the hope that these young shoots pay their apprenticeship tax to the establishment. At the start of 2015, Sadirac said "If we are not able to generate five big successes per year, it is because we will have failed. Then there will be no more reason to finance us."

Controversies

On November 2, 2014, one of the 6- cameras installed at Nicolas Sadirac's request, caught him spanking a young woman, followed by sexual intercourse, in one of the school's amphitheater. [24]

In 2017, with less than 10% female students, a report from the magazine Usine Nouvelle highlighted sexist behavior at 42. This included pornographic websites as wallpapers, misogynistic pornographic content being commonplace on some public Slack channels, and upskirt pictures. Fabienne Haas, director of communication, argued that since the slack is managed by the student themselves, it is hard for the school to moderate it. Some sanctions against students were taken, but none were expelled from the school. [25] [26]

In July 2018, Sadirac left after a financial audit ordered by Niel, giving away all his parts in the school. [24] [27]

In June 2024, Québec numérique (the non-profit organization hosting 42 Québec and its campus) announced its closure in the following month, blaming a missing grant payment from Quebec's Ministry of Employment and Social Solidarity. [28] [29] The Ministry blamed "possible irregularities [...] on the management of the grant."

42 Network

42 Network is an international of network of partner schools that run using the same processes as the original 42 school. [30] They are funded by institutions and companies. The educational curriculum of these establishments is based on a common core, but the campuses can adapt their projects to the labor pools in which they are located.

During Emmanuel Macron's visit to Algeria 2017, Niel announced the creation of a 42 school in Algiers, but this was not followed by an opening. In June 2019, 42 announced the opening of eleven new campuses by 2020, including in Rio, São Paulo, Jakarta, Yerevan, Tokyo, Bogotá, Angoulême, Madrid, and Quebec. By 2020, Vigier stated that 33 schools were open in 22 countries on five continents.

List of schools

NameCountryLocationYear foundedOfficial website
42 ParisFlag of France.svg France Paris 2013 42.fr
1337Flag of Morocco.svg Morocco Khouribga 2018 [31] 1337.ma
CodamFlag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands Amsterdam 2018 codam.nl
HiveFlag of Finland.svg Finland Helsinki 2019 [32] hive.fi
42 YerevanFlag of Armenia.svg Armenia Yerevan 2020 42yerevan.am
42 NiceFlag of France.svg France Nice 2020 [33] 42nice.fr
42 LisboaFlag of Portugal (official).svg Portugal Lisbon 2020 [34] 42lisboa.com
42 BangkokFlag of Thailand.svg Thailand Bangkok 2019 42bangkok.com
42 MadridFlag of Spain.svg Spain Madrid 2019 42madrid.com
42 AdelaideFlag of Australia (converted).svg Australia Adelaide 2021 42adel.org.au
42 QuébecFlag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada Québec 2021 [35] 42quebec.com
42 WolfsburgFlag of Germany.svg Germany Wolfsburg 2021 42wolfsburg.de
42 IstanbulFlag of Turkey.svg Turkey Istanbul 2021 42istanbul.com.tr
42 KocaeliFlag of Turkey.svg Turkey Kocaeli 2021 42kocaeli.com.tr
42 ViennaFlag of Austria.svg Austria Vienna 2022 42vienna.com
42 PragueFlag of the Czech Republic.svg Czech Republic Prague 2022 42prague.com
42 BerlinFlag of Germany.svg Germany Berlin 2022 [36] 42berlin.de
42 PortoFlag of Portugal (official).svg Portugal Porto 2022 42porto.com
1337 MedFlag of Morocco.svg Morocco Tétouan 2022 [37] 1337.ma
42 WarsawFlag of Poland.svg Poland Warsaw 2023 42warsaw.pl
42 LuandaFlag of Angola.svg Angola Luanda 2023 42luanda.com
42 LondonFlag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom London 2023 42london.com
42 BeirutFlag of Lebanon.svg Lebanon Beirut 2024 42beirut.com
19 (Antwerp)Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium Antwerp campus19.be
19 (Brussels)Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium Brussels campus19.be
42 Belo HorizonteFlag of Brazil.svg Brazil Belo Horizonte 42bh.org.br
42 RioFlag of Brazil.svg Brazil Rio de Janeiro 42.rio
42 São PauloFlag of Brazil.svg Brazil São Paulo 42sp.org.br
42 AngoulêmeFlag of France.svg France Angoulême 42angouleme.fr
42 Le HavreFlag of France.svg France Le Havre 42lehavre.fr
42 LyonFlag of France.svg France Lyon 42lyon.fr
42 MulhouseFlag of France.svg France Mulhouse 42mulhouse.fr
42 Perpignan OccitanieFlag of France.svg France Perpignan 42perpignan.fr
42 HeilbronnFlag of Germany.svg Germany Heilbronn 42heilbronn.de
42 FirenzeFlag of Italy.svg Italy Florence 42firenze.it
42 RomaFlag of Italy.svg Italy Rome 42roma.it
42 TokyoFlag of Japan.svg Japan Tokyo 42tokyo.jp
42 AmmanFlag of Jordan.svg Jordan Amman 42amman.com
42 AntananarivoFlag of Madagascar.svg Madagascar Antananarivo 42antananarivo.mg
42 Iskandar PuteriFlag of Malaysia.svg Malaysia Iskandar Puteri 42iskandarputeri.edu.my
42 Kuala LumpurFlag of Malaysia.svg Malaysia Kuala Lumpur 42kl.edu.my
42 PenangFlag of Malaysia.svg Malaysia Penang 42penang.edu.my
School 21Flag of Russia.svg Russia Kazan 21-school.ru
School 21Flag of Russia.svg Russia Moscow 21-school.ru
School 21Flag of Russia.svg Russia Novosibirsk 21-school.ru
School 21Flag of Russia.svg Russia Surgut 21-school.ru
42 SingaporeFlag of Singapore.svg Singapore Singapore 42singapore.sg
42 SeoulFlag of South Korea.svg South Korea Seoul 42seoul.kr
42 BarcelonaFlag of Spain.svg Spain Barcelona 42barcelona.com
42 MálagaFlag of Spain.svg Spain Málaga 42malaga.com
42 UrdulizFlag of Spain.svg Spain Urduliz 42urduliz.com
42 LuxembourgFlag of Luxembourg.svg Luxembourg Luxembourg 2022 42luxembourg.lu
42 LausanneFlag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg  Switzerland Lausanne 42lausanne.ch
42 Abu DhabiFlag of the United Arab Emirates.svg United Arab Emirates Abu Dhabi 42abudhabi.ae

References

  1. Camille Gévaudan (2013). ""42", v'là les geeks !". ecrans (in French). Archived from the original on 2013-10-25. Retrieved 2014-06-24..
  2. Damien Leloup (2013). ""42", l'étrange école d'informatique de Xavier Niel". lemonde (in French)..
  3. "FAQ". 42 Singapore. Retrieved 2025-08-01.
  4. "Press release" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-11-28. Retrieved 2016-06-10.
  5. Yamgnane, Kwame. "On the Closing of 42 Silicon Valley from 42 co-founder Kwame Yamgnane". blog.qwasar.io. Retrieved 2023-03-22.
  6. "Home". 42 The Network (in French). Retrieved 2024-12-13.
  7. French educational model to gamify IT education in Ukraine, Kyiv Post , May 19, 2016
  8. 1337, l'École qui veut former des génies du numérique, Le Monde , September 05, 2018
  9. "About 42 Wolfsburg | The radical new coding school, now in Germany. - Home". 42wolfsburg.de. Archived from the original on 2020-09-15. Retrieved 2020-09-08.
  10. Australia, Premier of South (2021-03-15). "42 to open first Australian campus in Adelaide". Premier of South Australia. Archived from the original on 2021-11-23. Retrieved 2021-11-23.
  11. "42 Yerevan Coding School Opens Its Doors at TUMO". CIVILNET. 2021-03-30. Retrieved 2022-07-03.
  12. "42 Abu Dhabi". 42 Abu Dhabi.
  13. "42 London". 42 London.
  14. Campus 42 Québec https://42quebec.com (French) Retrieved 10 August 2021
  15. "THE FOUNDING OF 42 BANGKOK" . Retrieved 2022-10-11.
  16. "42 Firenze". 42 Firenze.
  17. "42 Roma". 42 Roma.
  18. Campus 42 Lausanne https://42lausanne.ch (French) Retrieved 27 June 2022
  19. "Döbling: Internationale Programmierschule 42 Vienna hat eröffnet". MeinBezirk.at (in German). 2022-10-19. Retrieved 2025-02-24.
  20. "42 Tirana".
  21. ""Pourquoi j'ai dû faire le ménage à l'école 42"". Les Echos Start (in French). 2016-07-29. Retrieved 2024-07-08.
  22. "Pourquoi l'école 42 reste l'extraterrestre du sup'". L'Etudiant. 2015-03-27. Retrieved 2024-07-08.
  23. "IT architecture expert". 42. Retrieved 20 December 2024.
  24. 1 2 "À l'« École 42 » de Xavier Niel : sexe, harcèlement, arnaques et comptes offshore, une enquête de Mediapart". Developpez.com (in French). Retrieved 2024-07-08.
  25. Nouvelle, L'Usine (2017-11-16). "Porno, blagues et dragues lourdes... pas facile d'être une femme à l'école 42" (in French).{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  26. "A l'école 42, entre blagues sexistes et ambiance de vestiaire, les étudiantes ne se sentent "pas en sécurité"". Franceinfo (in French). 2017-11-16. Retrieved 2024-07-08.
  27. Mauduit, Laurent (2019-04-18). "A l'«Ecole 42» de Xavier Niel: sexe, harcèlement, arnaques et comptes offshore". Mediapart (in French). Retrieved 2024-07-08.
  28. Benessaieh, Karim (2024-06-19). "Québec numérique fermera... sans savoir pourquoi". La Presse (in Canadian French). Retrieved 2024-07-15.
  29. Trudel, Marie-ev; Pontbriand, Marie Maude (2024-06-11). "Québec numérique annonce la fin « imminente » de ses activités". Radio-Canada (in Canadian French). Retrieved 2024-07-15.
  30. "Our mission". 42 The Network (in French). Retrieved 14 October 2024.
  31. 1337 opened in Khouribga in July 2018, and in Benguerir in 2019
  32. Hive. "Hive Helsinki trains the next generation of world-class coders. We want to give people from all walks of life the tools to solve problems of tomorrow". About Hive. Retrieved 2023-04-07.
  33. "42 Nice Région Sud". 42nice.fr (in French). Retrieved 2023-04-07.
  34. About 42 Lisbon
  35. Ouellet, Isabelle (2020-07-02). "First Piscines announcement!". 42 Québec. Retrieved 2023-04-07.
  36. "Freie Programmierschule "42 Berlin" eröffnet". zeit.de. Retrieved 2023-03-22.
  37. 1337 MED was inaugurated in 2022