543d Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Group

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543d Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Group

45th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron RF-51 Mustang.jpg

Active 1942–1945; 1950–1951; 1997–present
CountryFlag of the United States.svg  United States
BranchFlag of the United States Air Force.svg  United States Air Force
Role Intelligence
Size Over 800 personnel [1]
Part of Air Force Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Agency
Garrison/HQ Joint Base San Antonio, Texas
Nickname(s) Warrior Scouts [1]
Motto(s) Archez Bien French Shoot Well (WW II)
Engagements Mediterranean Theater of Operations
Korean War
Decorations Distinguished Unit Citation
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award with Combat V
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award
Korean Presidential Unit Citation
Commanders
Current
commander		 Col Thomas E. Barnett [1]
Insignia
543d Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Group emblem (approved 5 October 2010) [2] 543d ISR Group.PNG
3d Reconnaissance Group Emblem (approved 29 October 1942) [3] 3drg-emblem.jpg

The United States Air Force's 543d Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Group is an intelligence unit located at Joint Base San Antonio, Texas. It has been located there since 1997, when it was activated as the 543d Intelligence Group. It focuses on cryptologic operations and signals intelligence.

United States Air Force Air and space warfare branch of the United States Armed Forces

The United States Air Force (USAF) is the aerial and space warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces. It is one of the five branches of the United States Armed Forces, and one of the seven American uniformed services. Initially formed as a part of the United States Army on 1 August 1907, the USAF was established as a separate branch of the U.S. Armed Forces on 18 September 1947 with the passing of the National Security Act of 1947. It is the youngest branch of the U.S. Armed Forces, and the fourth in order of precedence. The USAF is the largest and most technologically advanced air force in the world. The Air Force articulates its core missions as air and space superiority, global integrated intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance, rapid global mobility, global strike, and command and control.

Joint Base San Antonio

Joint Base San Antonio (JBSA) is a United States military facility located in San Antonio, Texas, USA. The facility is under the jurisdiction of the United States Air Force 502d Air Base Wing, Air Education and Training Command (AETC). The wing's three Mission Support Groups perform the installation support mission at the three bases that form JBSA.

Cryptography practice and study of techniques for secure communication in the presence of third parties

Cryptography or cryptology is the practice and study of techniques for secure communication in the presence of third parties called adversaries. More generally, cryptography is about constructing and analyzing protocols that prevent third parties or the public from reading private messages; various aspects in information security such as data confidentiality, data integrity, authentication, and non-repudiation are central to modern cryptography. Modern cryptography exists at the intersection of the disciplines of mathematics, computer science, electrical engineering, communication science, and physics. Applications of cryptography include electronic commerce, chip-based payment cards, digital currencies, computer passwords, and military communications.

Contents

The group's earliest predecessor was established in June 1942 as the 3d Photographic Group. After training in the United States, the group deployed to the Mediterranean Theater of Operations, where it performed reconnaissance missions, primarily for Twelfth Air Force, earning a Distinguished Unit Citation for its support of Operation Dragoon. After the surrender of Germany, the group was inactivated in Italy in September 1945.

A group is a military aviation unit, a component of military organization and a military formation. The terms group and wing differ significantly from one country to another, as well as between different branches of a national defence force.

The Mediterranean Theater of Operations, United States Army (MTOUSA), originally called the North African Theater of Operations (NATOUSA), was the American term for the theater of operations covering North Africa and Italy during World War II. American operations in the theater began with the Allied Expeditionary Force, which landed on the beaches of northwest Africa on November 8, 1942, in Operation Torch. They ended in the Italian Alps some 31 months later with the German surrender in May 1945.

Aerial reconnaissance military exploration and observation by means of aircraft or other airborne platforms

Aerial reconnaissance is reconnaissance for a military or strategic purpose that is conducted using reconnaissance aircraft. This role can fulfil a variety of requirements, including the collection of imagery intelligence, observation of enemy maneuvers and artillery spotting.

The second ancestor of the group is the 543d Tactical Support Group, a United States Air Force unit that fought in the Korean War under Fifth Air Force. The 543d was established in September 1950 to control tactical reconnaissance units operating in Korea. In February 1951, the group was inactivated and replaced by the 67th Tactical Reconnaissance Wing and its subordinate units transferred or replaced by units of the 67th Wing.

Korean War 1950–1953 war between North Korea and South Korea

The Korean War was a war between North Korea and South Korea. The war began on 25 June 1950 when North Korea invaded South Korea following a series of clashes along the border.

Fifth Air Force Numbered air force of the United States Air Force responsible for the Japanese region

The Fifth Air Force is a numbered air force of the United States Air Force Pacific Air Forces (PACAF). It is headquartered at Yokota Air Base, Japan. It is the U.S. Air Force's oldest continuously serving Numbered Air Force. The organization has provided 70 years of continuous air power to the Pacific since its establishment in September 1941.

Mission

The 543rd Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Group is a force provider for national cryptologic operations and serves as Twenty-Fifth Air Force's primary service cryptologic component for the Department of Homeland Security. The group provides air signals intelligence analysts for the National Security Agency as well as Air Force national and tactical intelligence integration for Air Forces Southern and Air Forces Northern's air operations centers. The group also supports cryptologic missions within North American Air Defense Command and United States Southern Command. [4]

Twenty-Fifth Air Force Numbered air force of the United States Air Force responsible for intelligence forces

Twenty-Fifth Air Force, also known as Air Force Intelligence, is a numbered air force (NAF) within the United States Air Force (USAF), and serves as the Air Force's premier military intelligence organization. 25 AF was established on 29 September 2014 by redesignating the Air Force Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Agency under Headquarters, United States Air Force, to a numbered air force aligned under Air Combat Command. The USAF also realigned the 9th Reconnaissance Wing and the 55th Wing under the new NAF. It is headquartered at Lackland Air Force Base, Texas.

Signals intelligence Intelligence-gathering by interception of signals

Signals intelligence (SIGINT) is intelligence-gathering by interception of signals, whether communications between people or from electronic signals not directly used in communication. Signals intelligence is a subset of intelligence collection management.

National Security Agency U.S. signals intelligence organization

The National Security Agency (NSA) is a national-level intelligence agency of the United States Department of Defense, under the authority of the Director of National Intelligence. The NSA is responsible for global monitoring, collection, and processing of information and data for foreign and domestic intelligence and counterintelligence purposes, specializing in a discipline known as signals intelligence (SIGINT). The NSA is also tasked with the protection of U.S. communications networks and information systems. The NSA relies on a variety of measures to accomplish its mission, the majority of which are clandestine.

History

World War II

3d Reconnaissance Group F-4 3prg-f4.jpg
3d Reconnaissance Group F-4

The group was first activated in June 1942 as the 3d Photographic Group and assigned directly to Headquarters, Army Air Forces. The group's initial components were the 12th, 13th, 14th and 15th Photographic Reconnaissance Squadrons. [5] [6] [7] [8] It trained at Peterson Field, Colorado until September 1942, when it moved (less its 14th Squadron and B and C Flights of the 15th) to England, where it flew missions with Eighth Air Force as it prepared for Operation Torch, the invasion of North Africa. [3] [7]

Eighth Air Force Numbered air force of the United States Air Force responsible for strategic bomber forces

The Eighth Air Force is a numbered air force (NAF) of the United States Air Force's Air Force Global Strike Command (AFGSC). It is headquartered at Barksdale Air Force Base, Louisiana. The command serves as Air Forces Strategic – Global Strike, one of the air components of United States Strategic Command (USSTRATCOM). The Eighth Air Force includes the heart of America's heavy bomber force: the B-2 Spirit stealth bomber, the B-1 Lancer supersonic bomber, and the B-52 Stratofortress heavy bomber aircraft.

Operation Torch 1942 Allied landing operations in French North Africa during World War II

Operation Torch was an Anglo–American invasion of French North Africa during the Second World War. It was aimed at reducing pressure on Allied forces in Egypt, and enabling an invasion of Southern Europe. It also provided the ‘second front’ which the Soviet Union had been requesting since it was invaded by the Germans in 1941. The region was dominated by the Vichy French, officially Nazi-controlled, but with mixed loyalties, and reports indicated that they might support the Allied initiative. The American General Dwight D. Eisenhower, commanding the operation, planned a 3-pronged attack, aimed at Casablanca (Western), Oran (Center) and Algiers (Eastern), in advance of a rapid move on Tunis.

In December 1942, the group moved to North Africa along with its 12th and 15th Squadrons. The 15th's A Flight preceded other group elements, arriving at Tafaroui, Algeria on 18 November, ten days after the initial Torch landings. [8] Although the 13th Photographic Squadron continued to be assigned to the 3d Group until July 1943, the squadron remained in England where it was attached to elements of Eighth Air Force. [6]

The group provided photographic intelligence that assisted the campaign for Tunisia, Operation Corkscrew, the neutralization of Pantelleria, the Sardinia campaign, and Operation Husky, the invasion of Sicily. It reconnoitered airfields, roads, marshalling yards and harbors both before and after Operation Avalanche, the Allied landings at Salerno. It provided coverage for the Battle of Anzio early in 1944 and continued to support the United States Fifth Army in its drive through Italy by determining troop movements, gun positions, and terrain. In Italy, the 23d Photographic Squadron filled out the group again. The squadron was attached to the 3d Group several times in 1943 and 1944, before finally being assigned in November 1944. [9]

Flying from Corsica, the 3d flew reconnaissance missions supporting Operation Dragoon, the invasion of southern France in August 1944. The group received a Distinguished Unit Citation for a mission on 28 August 1944 when it provided photographic intelligence that assisted the rapid advance of Allied ground forces. The group also mapped areas in France and the Balkans. The group was inactivated in Italy in September 1945 and disbanded in 1947. [3]

Korean War

RB-26 Invader at Komaki Air Base during the Korean War 12th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron, Night Photographic RB-26 Invader 44-35686.jpg
RB-26 Invader at Komaki Air Base during the Korean War

When the Korean War broke out in June 1950, Far East Air Forces reconnaissance assets included the 8th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron, which began flying missions with its Lockheed RF-80 Shooting Stars from Itazuke Air Base. [10] In August, the 162d Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron moved to Itazuke from Langley Air Force Base. Virginia with its Douglas RB-26 Invaders to augment Fifth Air Force night reconnaissance operations in Korea. [11] However, because of the demand for photographic reconnaissance products, the 162d Squadron flew mostly daylight missions. [12]

When the 45th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron was activated on 26 September, [13] the 543d Tactical Support Group was organized as the headquarters for Fifth Air Force's tactical reconnaissance units operating in Korea. The 45th was activated to fill the gap in visual reconnaissance, which was being performed by a handful of North American T-6 Texans. [12] The 543d and two of its squadrons moved to Korea three days after it was activated. [2] The move was already planned as Fifth Air Force moved units to Korea following the Inchon Landings. [14]

The shortage of photographic interpreters in United States Eighth Army, required the group's 363d Reconnaissance Technical Squadron, which had moved from Langley along with the 162d, to reproduce materials on behalf of the Army. [12] In early November, when reports were received that People's Liberation Army forces were advancing under cover of night, the group's 162d Squadron to begin flying the night missions it had been organized to perform. [12] Until December, the lack of air opposition permitted group aircraft to operate over Korea without fighter cover. However, the increased presence of Chinese MiG-15s resulted in a requirement for high altitude cover, while group reconnaissance aircraft were flying at low level near the Yalu River. [15]

As the Chinese advanced southward through the Korean Peninsula through December 1950, the quality of photographic interpretation provided by the group diminished as other intelligence sources from ground and air dried up, leaving interpreters without context for their work, This lessened the effectiveness of a push during the last ten days of December in which the reconnaissance squadrons mapped the area in front of Eighth Army's lines to a depth of forty miles. [16] In early 1951, as enemy forces continued their southward advance, group headquarters returned to Japan, where its mission, personnel and equipment was absorbed by the 67th Tactical Reconnaissance Wing, which was simultaneously activated at Komaki Air Base. The 45th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron was transferred to the 67th, while the other squadrons of the 543d Group were replaced by newly activated squadrons of the 67th Wing. [17] [18] In 2005, the 543d was consolidated with the 543d Intelligence Group. [2]

Intelligence operations

The 3d Reconnaissance Group was reconstituted in July 1985 and redesignated the 543d Tactical Intelligence Group on the inactive list. In 1997, the "Tactical" was dropped from its name and it was activated as an element of the 67th Intelligence Wing at the Medina Annex of Kelly Air Force Base. Three years later, the group transferred to the 70th Intelligence Wing. [2]

Lineage

543d Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Group
Activated on 20 June 1942
Inactivated on 12 September 1945
Activated on 1 March 1997


543d Tactical Support Group
Activated on 26 September 1950
Inactivated on 25 February 1951

Assignments

Components

World War II
Flight further attached to 5th Reconnaissance Group, 10 March – 5 May 1944 [19]
Korean War
Intelligence since 1997

Stations

Aircraft

Awards and campaigns

Award streamer Award Dates Notes
Streamer PUC Army.PNG Distinguished Unit Citation 28 August 19443d Photographic Group [2]
AFOUA with Valor.jpg Air Force Outstanding Unit Award with Combat "V" Device 1 June 2001 – 31 May 2003543d Intelligence Group [2]
AFOUA Streamer.JPG Air Force Outstanding Unit Award1 October 1997 – 30 September 1998543d Intelligence Group [2]
AFOUA Streamer.JPG Air Force Outstanding Unit Award1 October 1999 – 30 September 2000543d Intelligence Group [2]
AFOUA Streamer.JPG Air Force Outstanding Unit Award1 June 2004 – 31 May 2005543d Intelligence Group [2]
AFOUA Streamer.JPG Air Force Outstanding Unit Award1 June 2006 – 31 December 2007543d Intelligence Group [2]
AFOUA Streamer.JPG Air Force Outstanding Unit Award1 June 2008 – 31 May 2009543d Intelligence Group
(later 543d Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Group) [2]
AFOUA Streamer.JPG Air Force Outstanding Unit Award1 January 2010 – 31 December 2010543d Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Group [27]
AFOUA Streamer.JPG Air Force Outstanding Unit Award1 January 2011 – 31 December 2011543d Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Group [27]
AFOUA Streamer.JPG Air Force Outstanding Unit Award1 January 2012 – 31 December 2012543d Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Group [27]
AFOUA Streamer.JPG Air Force Outstanding Unit Award1 January 2013 – 31 December 2013543d Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Group [27]
AFOUA Streamer.JPG Air Force Outstanding Unit Award1 January 2014 – 31 December 2014543d Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Group [27]
Streamer KPUC.PNG Korean Presidential Unit Citation 10 February 1951 – 25 February 1951543d Tactical Support Group [2]
Campaign Streamer Campaign Dates Notes
European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal streamer.png Tunisia12 November 1942 – 13 May 19433d Photographic Group [2]
European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal streamer.png Sicily14 May 1943 – 17 August 19433d Photographic Group
(later 3rd Photographic Reconnaissance and Mapping Group) [2]
European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal streamer.png Naples-Foggia18 August 1943 – 21 January 19443rd Photographic Reconnaissance and Mapping Group
(later 3d Photographic Group) [2]
European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal streamer.png Anzio22 January 1944 – 24 May 19443d Photographic Group [2]
European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal streamer.png Rome-Arno22 January 1944 – 9 September 19443d Photographic Group [2]
European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal streamer.png Southern France15 August 1944 – 14 September 19443d Photographic Group [2]
European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal streamer.png North Apennines10 September 1944 – 4 April 19453d Photographic Group [2]
European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal streamer.png Po Valley3 April 1945 – 8 May 19453d Photographic Group [2]
European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal streamer.png Rhineland15 September 1944 – 21 March 19453d Photographic Group [2]
European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal streamer.png Central Europe22 March 1944 – 21 May 19453d Photographic Group (later 3d Reconnaissance Group) [2]
European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal streamer.png Air Combat, EAME Theater8 September 1942 – 11 May 19453d Photographic Group (also 3rd Photographic Reconnaissance and Mapping Group) [2]
Streamer KS.PNG UN Offensive 26 September 1950 – 2 November 1950 543d Tactical Support Group [2]
Streamer KS.PNG CCF Intervention 3 November 1950 – 24 January 1951543d Tactical Support Group [2]
Streamer KS.PNG 1st UN Counteroffensive25 January 1951 – 25 February 1951543d Tactical Support Group [2]

See also

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References

Notes

  1. ↑ Aircraft is Douglas RB-26 serial 44-35686 of the 12th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron. The 12th absorbed the aircraft of the 162d Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron in February 1951 when the 67th Tactical Reconnaissance Wing replaced the 543d. Endicott, p. 80.

Citations

  1. 1 2 3 Michael, TSG (13 August 2015). "Col. Thomas Barnett Takes over 543 ISRG". Twenty-Fifth Air Force Public Affairs. Retrieved 13 November 2015. (as of 13 August 2015)
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Robertson, Patsy (20 April 2012). "Factsheet 543 Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Group (AFISRA)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Archived from the original on 29 September 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Maurer, Combat Units, pp. 33–34
  4. 1 2 3 "70th Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Wing". 70th Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Wing Public Affairs. 15 July 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  5. 1 2 Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 67
  6. 1 2 3 Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 73–74
  7. 1 2 3 Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 79–80
  8. 1 2 3 Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 84–85
  9. 1 2 Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 123–124
  10. 1 2 3 Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 48
  11. 1 2 3 Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 362–363
  12. 1 2 3 4 Futrell, p. 229
  13. 1 2 3 4 Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp 355–356
  14. ↑ Futrell, pp. 177–178
  15. ↑ Futrell, p.247
  16. ↑ Futrell, pp. 272–273
  17. 1 2 Endicott, p. 80
  18. ↑ Maurer, Combat Units, p. 134
  19. 1 2 Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 36–37
  20. ↑ Futrell, p. 71
  21. ↑ Lent, pp. 27–28
  22. 1 2 3 "70th Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Wing Heritage Pamphlet" (PDF). Twenty-Fifth Air Force Public Affairs. July 2015. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
  23. ↑ See 70th Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Wing Heritage Pamphlet (not listed as assigned)
  24. ↑ "743d Intelligence Support Squadron". RallyPoint.com. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
  25. 1 2 Station number in Anderson
  26. ↑ Bailey, Carl E. (16 March 2005). "Lineage and Honors History of the 543 Intelligence Group (ACC)" (PDF). Air Force Historical Research Agency. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  27. 1 2 3 4 5 "Air Force Personnel Services: Unit Awards". Air Force Personnel Center. Retrieved 19 November 2015. (search)

Bibliography

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