859

Last updated

Millennium: 1st millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
859 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar 859
DCCCLIX
Ab urbe condita 1612
Armenian calendar 308
ԹՎ ՅԸ
Assyrian calendar 5609
Balinese saka calendar 780–781
Bengali calendar 266
Berber calendar 1809
Buddhist calendar 1403
Burmese calendar 221
Byzantine calendar 6367–6368
Chinese calendar 戊寅年 (Earth  Tiger)
3555 or 3495
     to 
己卯年 (Earth  Rabbit)
3556 or 3496
Coptic calendar 575–576
Discordian calendar 2025
Ethiopian calendar 851–852
Hebrew calendar 4619–4620
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat 915–916
 - Shaka Samvat 780–781
 - Kali Yuga 3959–3960
Holocene calendar 10859
Iranian calendar 237–238
Islamic calendar 244–245
Japanese calendar Ten'an 3 / Jōgan 1
(貞観元年)
Javanese calendar 756–757
Julian calendar 859
DCCCLIX
Korean calendar 3192
Minguo calendar 1053 before ROC
民前1053年
Nanakshahi calendar −609
Seleucid era 1170/1171 AG
Thai solar calendar 1401–1402
Tibetan calendar 阳土虎年
(male Earth-Tiger)
985 or 604 or −168
     to 
阴土兔年
(female Earth-Rabbit)
986 or 605 or −167
Vikings begin an expedition in the Mediterranean (between 859 and 862) Wikinger.jpg
Vikings begin an expedition in the Mediterranean (between 859 and 862)

Year 859 ( DCCCLIX ) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">714</span> Calendar year

Year 714 (DCCXIV) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 714 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

The 800s decade ran from January 1, 800, to December 31, 809.

The 820s decade ran from January 1, 820, to December 31, 829.

The 850s decade ran from January 1, 850, to December 31, 859.

The 860s decade ran from January 1, 860, to December 31, 869.

The 880s decade ran from January 1, 880, to December 31, 889.

The 710s decade ran from January 1, 710, to December 31, 719.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">810</span> Calendar year

Year 810 (DCCCX) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">805</span> Calendar year

Year 805 (DCCCV) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">713</span> Calendar year

Year 713 (DCCXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 713 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">897</span> Calendar year

Year 897 (DCCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">AD 911</span> Calendar year

911 (CMXI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">882</span> Calendar year

Year 882 (DCCCLXXXII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">AD 888</span> Calendar year

Year 888 (DCCCLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.

Íñigo Arista was a Basque leader, considered the first king of Pamplona. He is thought to have risen to prominence after the defeat of local Frankish partisans at the Battle of Pancorbo in 816, and his rule is usually dated from shortly after the defeat of a Carolingian army in 824.

Fortún Garcés nicknamed the One-eyed, and years later the Monk, was king of Pamplona from 870/882 until 905. He appears in Arabic records as Fortoûn ibn Garsiya (فرتون بن غرسية). He was the eldest son of García Iñíguez and grandson of Íñigo Arista, the first king of Pamplona. Reigning for about thirty years, Fortún Garcés would be the last king of the Íñiguez dynasty.

García Íñiguez I, also known as García I was the second king of Pamplona from 851–2 until his death. He was the son of Íñigo Arista, the first king of Pamplona. Educated in Cordoba, he was a successful military leader who led the military campaigns of the kingdom during the last years of his father's life.

The first Battle of Albelda took place near Albelda in 851 between the Muslim forces of Musa ibn Musa, chief of the Banu Qasi and governor of Tudela on behalf of the Emirate of Córdoba, and an army of the Franks and Gascons from France, probably allies of the Christian Kingdom of Asturias, inveterate enemy of Musa. The Muslims, who were probably the aggressors, were victorious. The battle is usually connected with a campaign of Ordoño I of Asturias to suppress a Basque revolt, and may be related also to the capture of certain Frankish and Gascon leaders. In the past it has been conflated with the Battle of Monte Laturce, also near Albelda, which occurred in 859 or 860.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Musa ibn Musa al-Qasawi</span>

Musa ibn Musa al-Qasawi (Arabic: موسى بن موسى القسوي also nicknamed the Great ; died 26 September 862) was leader of the Muwallad Banu Qasi clan and ruler of a semi-autonomous principality in the upper Ebro valley in northern Iberia in the 9th century.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Monte Laturce</span>

The Battle of Monte Laturce, also known as the second Battle of Albelda, was a victory for the forces of Ordoño I of Asturias and his ally García Íñiguez of Pamplona. They defeated the latter's uncle and former ally, the Banu Qasi lord of Borja, Zaragoza, Terrer, and Tudela, Navarre, Musa ibn Musa al-Qasawi, a marcher baron so powerful and independent that he was called by an Andalusi chronicler "The Third King of the Spains" (Spaniae). The battle took place during the Asturian siege of a new fortress under construction by Musa at Albelda de Iregua. The fortress was taken a few days after the battle. After Monte Laturce, Musa was forced to fully submit to the Emir of Córdoba, who took advantage of Musa's weakness to remove him as wāli of the Upper March, initiating a decade-long eclipse of the Banu Qasi.

References

  1. Haywood, John (1995). The Historical Atlas of the Vikings, pp. 58–59. Penguin Books: ISBN   0-14-051328-0
  2. Martínez Díez 2007, p. 25.
  3. Yanko-Hombach, Valentina (2006). The Black Sea Flood Question. Springer. p. 638. ISBN   1402047746.
  4. Rucquoi, Adeline (1993). Histoire médiévale de la Péninsule ibérique. Paris: Seuil. p. 85. ISBN   2-02-012935-3.
  5. Antonopoulos, J. (1980). "Data from investigation of seismic Sea waves events in the Eastern Mediterranean from 500 to 1000 A.D.". Annals of Geophysics. 33 (1). doi: 10.4401/ag-4701 .
  6. Ambraseys, N. (2009). Earthquakes in the Mediterranean and Middle East: A Multidisciplinary Study of Seismicity up to 1900 (First ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 243–244. ISBN   978-1-316-34785-0.
  7. Madelung, W. (2004). "al-Ḥādī Ila 'l-Ḥaḳḳ" . In Bearman, P. J.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E. & Heinrichs, W. P. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume XII: Supplement. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 334–335. ISBN   978-90-04-13974-9.

Sources