Acacia bivenosa

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Two nerved wattle
Acacia bivenosa habit.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Caesalpinioideae
Clade: Mimosoid clade
Genus: Acacia
Species:
A. bivenosa
Binomial name
Acacia bivenosa
Acacia bivenosaDistMap118.png
Occurrence data from AVH
Synonyms [1]
  • Acacia binervosaDC. orth. var.
  • Acacia bivenosaDC. subsp. bivenosa
  • Acacia bivenosaDC. var. bivenosa
  • Acacia bivenosa var. borealis Hochr.
  • Acacia elliptica A.Cunn. ex Benth.
  • Racosperma bivenosum(DC.) Pedley
Foliage and flowers Acacia bivenosa Fagg.jpg
Foliage and flowers
Seed pods Acacia bivenosa pods.jpg
Seed pods

Acacia bivenosa, commonly known as two-nerved wattle, two-veined wattle, hill umbrella bush, dune wattle or Cable Beach wattle [2] is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to northern Australia. It is a bushy, rounded or spreading shrub with narrowly elliptic, oblong or egg-shaped to lance-shaped phyllodes, rich golden-yellow flowers in spherical heads, and erect, crust-like to more or less woody pods up to 80 mm (3.1 in) long.

Contents

Other names for this species are derived from several Indigenous languages.

Description

Acacia bivenosa is a glabrous, bushy, rounded or spreading shrub that typically grows to 1–3 m (3 ft 3 in – 9 ft 10 in) high and 3 m (9.8 ft) wide. The bark is smooth and light grey. Its phyllodes are narrowly elliptic, oblong or egg-shaped to lance-shaped phyllodes with the narrower end towards the base, mostly 20–55 mm (0.79–2.17 in) long and 6–20 mm (0.24–0.79 in) wide. The flowers are borne in six or seven spherical heads in racemes on a peduncles 15–35 mm (0.59–1.38 in) long. Each head is about 10 mm (0.39 in) in diameter and has mostly 16 to 23 rich golden-yellow. Flowering occurs between May and October, mostly between July and August, flowers It produces yellow flowers from April to November. The simple inflorescences have globular heads with a diameter of about 10 mm (0.39 in) containing 16 to 32 rich golden flowers. The seed pods are more or less erect, up to 80 mm (3.1 in) long and 5–8 mm (0.20–0.31 in) wide and crust like to more or less woody, somewhat like a string of beads, containing glossy, dark brown to black seeds with a red or orange aril. [2] [3] [4]

Taxonomy and naming

Acacia bivenosa was first formally described in 1825 by the botanist Augustin Pyramus de Candolle in his Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis . [5] [6] The specific epithet (bivenosa) means 'full of two veins', referring to the phyllodes. [7]

A group of Acacia known as the A. bivenosa group of plants with similar features contains 12 species including; A. ampliceps , A. bivenosa, A. cupularis , A. didyma , A. ligulata , A. rostellifera , A. salicina , A. sclerosperma , A. startii , A. telmica , A. tysonii and A. xanthina . [8]

The Kurrama peoples know the plant as murrurpa, murrurbaor and morama, the Panyjima call it mururru, the Nyangumarta mururr [4] and the Jaru as burlmany. [9]

Distribution and habitat

Two-nerved wattle is widespread in arid areas of northern Australia. It is common in the Carnarvon, Central Kimberley, Central Ranges, Dampierland, Gascoyne, Great Sandy Desert, Little Sandy Desert, Ord Victoria Plain, Pilbara, Tanami and Yalgoobio bioregions of Western Australia and the Northern Territory. [3] It is also found in western Queensland, north of 25°S, with an outlier on Dorre Island, Shark Bay, Western Australia. It grows in various kinds of soils, including coastal sand, on rocky hills and gullies, in shrubland and open woodland, and is often associated with spinifex. [8]

Conservation status

Acacia bivenosa is listed as of "least concern" by the Queensland Government Department of Environment and Science. [10]

Uses

The bush can be heavily grazed by stock, especially as a seedling. Indigenous Australians used to find edible grubs from around the roots. It is often used in land rehabilitation as a primary colonizer. [4]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "Acacia bivenosa". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 22 April 2025.
  2. 1 2 Chapman, Alexander R.; Maslin, Bruce R. "Acacia bivenosa". Flora of Australia. Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water: Canberra. Retrieved 22 April 2025.
  3. 1 2 "Acacia bivenosa". FloraBase . Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  4. 1 2 3 "Acacia bivenosa". Wattles of the Pilbara. Government of Western Australia . Retrieved 22 August 2018.
  5. ↑ "Acacia bivenosa". Australian Plant Name Index. Retrieved 22 April 2025.
  6. ↑ de Candolle, Augustin P. (1825). Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis, sive, Enumeratio contracta ordinum generum specierumque plantarum huc usque cognitarium, juxta methodi naturalis, normas digesta. Vol. 2. Paris: Sumptibus Sociorum Treuttel et Würtz. p. 452. Retrieved 22 April 2025.
  7. ↑ George, Alex; Sharr, Francis (2021). Western Australian Plant Names and Their Meanings (3rd ed.). Kardinya, WA: Four Gables Press. p. 147. ISBN   9780958034180.
  8. 1 2 "Acacia bivenosa". World Wide Wattle. Department of Environment and Conservation, Western Australia. Retrieved 23 April 2010.
  9. ↑ "Acacia bivenosa". Northern Territory Government. Retrieved 22 April 2025.
  10. ↑ "Acacia bivenosa". Queensland Department of Environment and Science. Retrieved 22 April 2025.
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