Ainigmapsychops

Last updated

Ainigmapsychops
Temporal range: Ypresian
O
S
D
C
P
T
J
K
Pg
N
Ainigmapsychops inexspectatus SRUI 99-96-76.jpg
Holotype SR UI 99-96-76
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Neuroptera
Family: Psychopsidae
Genus: Ainigmapsychops
Species:
A. inexspectatus
Binomial name
Ainigmapsychops inexspectatus
Makarkin & Archibald, 2014

Ainigmapsychops is an extinct genus of lacewing in the silky lacewing family Psychopsidae. The genus is solely known from an Eocene fossil found in North America. At the time of its description the new genus was composed of a single species, Ainigmapsychops inexspectatus. [1]

Contents

History and classification

Ainigmapsychops inexspectatus is known only from one fossil, the part side of the holotype, specimen number SRUI 99-96-76, which is housed in the collections of the Stonerose Interpretive Center in Republic, Washington. The specimen is preserved as a compression fossil in silty yellow to grayish shale, which was recovered from outcrops of the Tom Thumb Tuff member of the Klondike Mountain Formation. [1] The formation is approximately Early Eocene, Ypresian in age, being radiometrically dated as 49.4 million years old. Ainigmapsychops was first studied by the paleoentomologists Vladimir N. Makarkin of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and S. Bruce Archibald from Simon Fraser University in Burnaby, British Columbia. Their 2014 type description of the new genus and species was published in the online journal Zootaxa . The genus name Ainigmapsychops was coined by the researchers as a combination of the silky lacewing type genus Psychopsis and the Greek word Ainigma meaning "riddle" or "enigma", which is in reference to the unusual nature of the wing vein structure. [1] The specific epithet inexspectatus is the Latin word meaning "unexpected, unlooked for", alluding to the serendipitous find of the wing. [1]

Areas of the Ainigmapsychops wing venation are similar to members of the neuropteran family Osmylidae. The branches of the CuA, CuP and AA1 veins all have a steep departure angle compared to the main veins in front of them and in relation to the wing margin. [1] There are a number of features that do not conform to the characters found in Osmylidae however. [1]

The structure seen in the subcostal area, that of the second longitudinal wing vein, posterior to the costa, shows at least six weakly developed cross-veins with no connecting veins between the cross veins. This structuring is also seen in the Cretaceous Psychopsid species Undulopsychopsis alexi . [1]

Description

The holotype is composed of a single partially complete fore-wing which is missing both the basal and the apical areas. The preserved section of the fore-wing is approximately 7 mm (0.28 in) long and 6.5 mm (0.26 in) wide, with an estimated length, if whole, of 15 mm (0.59 in). The wing has a costal space that is wide, widening towards the wing base, and which narrows greatly approaching the apex. [1] The wing does not show any cross-veins in the preserved areas of the costal space. The subcostal space is narrow showing at least six preserved cross-veins. The RA space is also narrow, but shows at least ten cross-veins which are irregularly spaced. [1]

Related Research Articles

Hemerobiidae Family of insects

Hemerobiidae is a family of Neuropteran insects commonly known as brown lacewings, comprising about 500 species in 28 genera. Most are yellow to dark brown, but some species are green. They are small; most have forewings 4–10 mm long. These insects differ from the somewhat similar Chrysopidae not only by the usual coloring but also by the wing venation: hemerobiids differ from chrysopids in having numerous long veins and forked costal cross veins. Some genera are widespread, but most are restricted to a single biogeographical realm. Some species have reduced wings to the degree that they are flightless. Imagines (adults) of subfamily Drepanepteryginae mimic dead leaves. Hemerobiid larvae are usually less hairy than chrysopid larvae.

Ulteramus is an extinct genus of parasitic wasp in the sawfly family Pamphiliidae. The genus is solely known from an Eocene fossil found in North America. At the time of its description the new genus was composed of a single species, Ulteramus republicensis.

Psychopsidae Family of insects

Psychopsidae is a family of winged insects of the order Neuroptera. They are commonly called silky lacewings.

Sisyridae Family of insects

Sisyridae, commonly known as spongeflies or spongillaflies, are a family of winged insects in the order Neuroptera. There are approximately 60 living species described, and several extinct species identified from the fossil record.

<i>Archiinocellia</i> Extinct genus of snakeflies

Archiinocellia is an extinct genus of Snakefly in the family Raphidiidae known from Eocene fossils found in western North America. The genus contains two species, the older Archiinocellia oligoneura and the younger Archiinocellia protomaculata. The type species is of Ypresian age and from the Horsefly Beds of British Columbia, while the younger species from the Lutetian Green River Formation in Colorado. Archiinocellia protomaculata was first described as Agulla protomaculata, and later moved to Archiinocellia.

Microberotha is an extinct monotypic genus of "beaded lacewing" in the family Berothidae known from a fossil found in North America. When described the genus contained a single Ypresian-age species Microberotha macculloughi.

<i>Allorapisma</i> Extinct genus of lacewings

Allorapisma is an extinct genus of lacewing in the moth lacewings family Ithonidae. The genus is solely known from two Eocene fossils found in North America. At the time of description the genus was composed of a single species, Allorapisma chuorum.

Ithonidae Family of insects

Ithonidae, commonly called moth lacewings and giant lacewings, is a small family of winged insects of the insect order Neuroptera. The family contains a total of ten living genera, and twelve extinct genera described from fossils. The modern Ithonids have a notably disjunct distribution, while the extinct genera had a more global range. The family is considered one of the most primitive living neuropteran families. Ithonids may be phytophagous. The family has been expanded twice, first to include the genus Rapisma, formerly placed in the monotypic family Rapismatidae, and then in 2010 to include the genera that had been placed into the family Polystoechotidae. Both Rapismatidae and Polystoechotidae have been shown to nest into Ithonidae sensu lato.

Neoephemera antiqua is an extinct species of mayfly in the family Neoephemeridae that is known from early Eocene, Ypresian stage, lake deposits near the small community of Republic in Ferry County, Washington, USA.

Klondike Mountain Formation

The Klondike Mountain Formation is an Early Eocene (Ypresian) geological formation located in the northeast central area of Washington state. The formation, named for the type location designated in 1962, Klondike Mountain north of Republic, Washington, is composed of volcanic rocks in the upper unit and volcanics plus lacustrine (lakebed) sedimentation in which a lagerstätte with exceptionally well-preserved plant and insect fossils has been found, along with fossil epithermal hot springs.

<i>Undulopsychopsis</i>

Undulopsychopsis is an extinct genus of lacewing in the silky lacewing family Psychopsidae. The genus is solely known from a Cretaceous fossil found in China. Currently the genus is composed of a single species, Undulopsychopsis alexi.

<i>Elektrithone</i> Extinct genus of insects

Elektrithone is an extinct genus of lacewing in the moth lacewings family Ithonidae. The genus is solely known from an Eocene fossil forewing found in Europe. At the times of description the genus was composed of a single species, Elektrithone expectata.

Principiala is an extinct genus of lacewing in the moth lacewings family Ithonidae. The genus is known from Cretaceous fossils found in South America, Europe, and possibly Asia. The genus is composed of two species, the type species Principiala incerta, and Principiala rudgwickensis.

Wesmaelius mathewesi is an extinct species of lacewing in the neuropteran family Hemerobiidae known from an Eocene fossil found in North America

Eoprephasma is an extinct genus of stick insect in the superfamily Susumanioidea known from a group of Eocene fossils found in North America. When first described there was a single named species, E. hichensi.

Cretomerobius is an extinct genus of lacewings in the neuropteran family Hemerobiidae known from fossils found in Asia. The genus currently contains a single species, the Aptian C. disjunctus.

Makarkinia is an extinct genus of lacewings in the family Kalligrammatidae described by Martins-Neto in 1997 from fossils found in the Crato Formation of the Araripe Basin in northeastern Brazil. The genus contains two species dating to the Late Aptian, Makarkinia adamsi and Makarkinia kerneri.

Burmaleon is an extinct genus of lacewing in the family Osmylidae known from fossils found in Asia. The genus contains a single species, Burmaleon magnificus.

<i>Palaeopsychops</i> Extinct genus of lacewings

Palaeopsychops is an extinct genus of lacewing in the moth lacewings family Ithonidae. The genus is known from Early Eocene fossils found in Europe, and North America and is composed of ten species. The ten species can be informally separated into two species groups based on veination of the forwings, the "European" and "North American" groups. When first described, the genus was placed in the family Psychopsidae, but later was moved to Polystoechotidae, which itself is now considered a subgroup of the moth lacewings.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Makarkin, V.; Archibald, S.B. (2014). "An unusual new fossil genus probably belonging to the Psychopsidae (Neuroptera) from the Eocene Okanagan Highlands, western North America" (PDF). Zootaxa. 3838 (3): 385–391. CiteSeerX   10.1.1.692.1185 . doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3838.3.8. PMID   25081783.