| Anthocerotaceae | |
|---|---|
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| Anthoceros agrestis | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Anthocerotophyta |
| Class: | Anthocerotopsida |
| Subclass: | Anthocerotidae Rosenv. |
| Order: | Anthocerotales Limpr. in Cohn. [1] |
| Family: | Anthocerotaceae Dumort. corr. Trevis. emend Hässel [2] |
| Genera | |
| Synonyms | |
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The Anthocerotaceae is the only family of hornworts in the order Anthocerotales. [3]
Ceratophyllum is a cosmopolitan genus of flowering plants including four accepted living species in 2016, commonly found in ponds, marshes, and quiet streams in tropical and in temperate regions. It is the only extant genus in the family Ceratophyllaceae, itself the only extant family in the order Ceratophyllales. They are usually called coontails or hornworts, although hornwort is also used for unrelated plants of the division Anthocerotophyta.
Bryophytes are a group of land plants, sometimes treated as a taxonomic division, that contains three groups of non-vascular land plants (embryophytes): the liverworts, hornworts and mosses. In the strict sense, Bryophyta consists of the mosses only. Bryophytes are characteristically limited in size and prefer moist habitats although they can survive in drier environments. The bryophytes consist of about 20,000 plant species. Bryophytes produce enclosed reproductive structures, but they do not produce flowers or seeds. They reproduce sexually by spores and asexually by fragmentation or the production of gemmae. Though bryophytes were considered a paraphyletic group in recent years, almost all of the most recent phylogenetic evidence supports the monophyly of this group, as originally classified by Wilhelm Schimper in 1879. The term bryophyte comes from Ancient Greek βρύον (brúon) 'tree moss, liverwort', and φυτόν (phutón) 'plant'.
The Marchantiophyta are a division of non-vascular land plants commonly referred to as hepatics or liverworts. Like mosses and hornworts, they have a gametophyte-dominant life cycle, in which cells of the plant carry only a single set of genetic information.
Hornworts are a group of non-vascular Embryophytes constituting the division Anthocerotophyta. The common name refers to the elongated horn-like structure, which is the sporophyte. As in mosses and liverworts, hornworts have a gametophyte-dominant life cycle, in which cells of the plant carry only a single set of genetic information; the flattened, green plant body of a hornwort is the gametophyte stage of the plant.
Megaceros is a genus of hornworts in the family Dendrocerotaceae. The genus is found in the Old World tropics of east Asia and Australia. Its name means 'big horn', and refers both to the exceptionally large size of the gametophyte thallus and to the large, horn-shaped sporophyte that the plants produce. Many species have a branching thallus that is more than two centimeters wide. The gametophytes are monoicous.
Notothylas is a genus of hornworts in the family Notothyladaceae. The genus is found globally, but is usually overlooked. It is the smallest of all the hornworts, with a yellow-green gametophyte thallus that is seldom more than a centimeter in diameter, and usually much smaller.
The Notothyladaceae is the only family of hornworts in the order Notothyladales.
Anthoceros is a genus of hornworts in the family Anthocerotaceae. It is distributed globally. Species of Anthoceros are characterized by having a small to medium-sized, green thallus that is more or less lobed along the margins.
Folioceros is a genus of hornworts in the family Anthocerotaceae. The genus is common locally in the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, growing on moist rocks, in fallow fields, and near waterfalls. It has a yellow-green gametophyte thallus that is crispy and translucent, with short branchings that are almost pinnate. Plants are usually less than a centimeter wide and 3 centimeters long. They may be monoicous or dioicous.
Viridiplantae constitute a clade of eukaryotic organisms that comprises approximately 450,000–500,000 species that play important roles in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. They include the green algae, which are primarily aquatic, and the land plants (embryophytes), which emerged from within them. Green algae traditionally excludes the land plants, rendering them a paraphyletic group. However it is accurate to think of land plants as a kind of alga. Since the realization that the embryophytes emerged from within the green algae, some authors are starting to include them. They have cells with cellulose in their cell walls, and primary chloroplasts derived from endosymbiosis with cyanobacteria that contain chlorophylls a and b and lack phycobilins. Corroborating this, a basal phagotroph archaeplastida group has been found in the Rhodelphydia.
Anthoceros neesii is a species of hornwort in the Anthocerotaceae family. It is found in Austria, the Czech Republic, Germany, and Poland. Its natural habitat is unknown; today it is only found growing in crop fields.
Ceratophyllum demersum, commonly known as hornwort, rigid hornwort, coontail, or coon's tail, is a species of Ceratophyllum. It is a submerged, free-floating aquatic plant, with a cosmopolitan distribution, native to all continents except Antarctica. It is a harmful introduced weed in New Zealand. It is also a popular aquarium plant.
Leiosporoceros dussii is the only species in the hornwort genus Leiosporoceros. The species is placed in a separate family, order, and class for being "genetically and morphologically distinct from all other hornwort lineages." Cladistic analysis of genetic data supports a position at the very base of the hornwort clade. Physical characteristics that distinguish the group include unusually small spores that are monolete and unornamented. Additionally, there are unique strands of Nostoc (cyanobacteria) that grow inside the plant parallel with its direction of growth. Unlike other hornworts with symbiotic cyanobacteria that enters through mucilage clefts, the mucilage clefts in Leiosporoceros is only present in young plants and then closes permanently once the cyanobacterial colonies have been established. Also mycorrhiza and pyrenoids are absent. Male plants have been found in Panama.
The Dendrocerotaceae is the only family of hornworts in the order Dendrocerotales.
Nothoceros is a genus of hornworts in the family Dendrocerotaceae. The genus is found in New Zealand, South America, and neotropical and eastern North America.
Phymatoceros is the only genus in the hornwort family Phymatocerotaceae and order Phymatocerotales. It includes only two species.
Sphaerosporoceros is a genus in the hornwort family Anthocerotaceae. It includes only two species, both originally published as species of Anthoceros but since transferred to the new genus.
Phaeomegaceros is a genus of hornworts in the family Dendrocerotaceae. It includes seven species.
Casterlorum is a genus of fossil with controversial interpretation from the Middle Ordovician Douglas Lake Member of the Lenoir Limestone from Douglas Dam Tennessee The genus was named in honor of Ken Caster.
Hattorioceros is a genus of hornworts belonging to the family Anthocerotaceae.
Data related to Anthocerotaceae at Wikispecies 
Media related to Anthocerotaceae at Wikimedia Commons
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