Arctic warbler

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Arctic warbler
Arctic Warbler 4683b.jpg
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Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Phylloscopidae
Genus: Phylloscopus
Species:
P. borealis
Binomial name
Phylloscopus borealis
(Blasius, JH, 1858)
Distribution map for Phylloscopus borealis (pacific centered).svg
Distribution of Arctic warbler
  Breeding
  Non-breeding
Phylloscopus borealis - MHNT Phylloscopus borealis MHNT.ZOO.2010.11.195.21.jpg
Phylloscopus borealis - MHNT

The Arctic warbler (Phylloscopus borealis) is a widespread leaf warbler in birch or mixed birch forest near water throughout its breeding range in Fennoscandia and the northern Palearctic. It has established a foothold in North America, breeding in Alaska. This warbler is strongly migratory; the entire population winters in southeast Asia. It therefore has one of the longest migrations of any Old World insectivorous bird.

It traditionally included populations that breed in Kamchatka, the Kuril Islands and Japan, but genetic and vocal evidence strongly suggested these should be treated as separate species, and are all now considered distinct with the Kamchatka leaf warbler in Kamchatka, Hokkaido and the Kuril Islands, and the Japanese leaf warbler in Japan (except Hokkaido). [2]

The nest is on the ground in a low shrub. Like most Old World warblers, this small passerine is insectivorous.

This is a typical leaf warbler in appearance, greyish-green above and off-white below. Its single wing bar distinguishes it from most similar species except the greenish warbler, Phylloscopus trochiloides. It is larger than that species and has a heavier, dagger-like bill, with a dark tip to the lower mandible. Its song is a fast trill.

This species occurs as an autumn vagrant in western Europe and is annual on Great Britain. There were 225 confirmed arctic warbler sightings in Britain between 1958 and 2001. [3]

The genus name Phylloscopus is from Ancient Greek phullon, "leaf", and skopos, "seeker" (from skopeo, "to watch"). The specific borealis is from Latin and means "northern". [4]

Related Research Articles

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Leaf warblers are small insectivorous passerine birds belonging to the genus Phylloscopus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Common chiffchaff</span> Small migratory passerine bird found in Europe, Asia and north Africa

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Willow warbler</span> Species of bird

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wood warbler</span> Species of bird

The wood warbler is a common and widespread leaf warbler which breeds throughout northern and temperate Europe, and just into the extreme west of Asian Russia in the southern Ural Mountains.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Greenish warbler</span> Species of bird

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Green warbler</span> Species of bird

The green warbler, also known as green willow warbler or green leaf warbler, is a leaf warbler found in the Caucasus Mountains in southeastern Europe.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pallas's leaf warbler</span> A small migratory passerine bird that breeds in northern Asia

Pallas's leaf warbler or Pallas's warbler, is a bird that breeds in mountain forests from southern Siberia east to northern Mongolia and northeast China. It is named for German zoologist Peter Simon Pallas, who first formally described it. This leaf warbler is strongly migratory, wintering mainly in south China and adjacent areas of southeast Asia, although in recent decades increasing numbers have been found in Europe in autumn.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yellow-browed warbler</span> Species of bird

The yellow-browed warbler is a leaf warbler which breeds in the east Palearctic. This warbler is strongly migratory and winters mainly in tropical South Asia and South-east Asia, but also in small numbers in western Europe. Like the rest of Phylloscopidae, it was formerly included in the Old World warbler assemblage.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hume's leaf warbler</span> Species of bird

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pallas's grasshopper warbler</span> Species of bird

Pallas's grasshopper warbler, also known as the rusty-rumped warbler, is an Old World warbler in the grass warbler genus Helopsaltes. It breeds in the eastern Palearctic: from the Altai Mountains, Mongolia and Transbaikalia to northeastern China, the Korean Peninsula, and islands in the Sea of Okhotsk. It is migratory, wintering from India eastward to Indonesia. It is a rare migrant in Sri Lanka.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dusky warbler</span> Species of bird

The dusky warbler is a leaf warbler which breeds in the east Palearctic. The genus name Phylloscopus is from Ancient Greek phullon, "leaf", and skopos, "seeker". The specific fuscatus is from Latin fuscus "dark".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Radde's warbler</span> Species of passerine bird

Radde's warbler is a leaf warbler which breeds in Siberia. This warbler is strongly migratory and winters in Southeast Asia. The genus name Phylloscopus is from Ancient Greek phullon, "leaf", and skopos, "seeker". The specific schwarzi commemorates German astronomer Ludwig Schwarz (1822–1894).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Icterine warbler</span> Species of bird

The Icterine warbler is an Old World warbler in the tree warbler genus Hippolais. It breeds in mainland Europe except the southwest, where it is replaced by its western counterpart, the melodious warbler. It is migratory, wintering in sub-Saharan Africa.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Western Bonelli's warbler</span> Species of bird

The western Bonelli's warbler is a warbler in the leaf warbler genus Phylloscopus. It was formerly regarded as the western subspecies of a wider "Bonelli's warbler" species, but as a result of modern taxonomic developments, they are now usually considered to be two species:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eastern Bonelli's warbler</span> Species of bird

The Eastern Bonelli's warbler, sometimes known as Balkan warbler, is a "warbler" in the leaf warbler genus Phylloscopus. It was formerly regarded as the eastern subspecies of a wider "Bonelli's warbler" species, but as a result of modern taxonomic developments, they are now usually considered to be two species:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sakhalin leaf warbler</span> Species of bird

The Sakhalin leaf warbler is a species of Old World warbler in the family Phylloscopidae. It is found in Sakhalin, the Kuril Islands and Japan; it winters to the Amami and Okinawa islands.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eastern crowned warbler</span> Species of bird

The eastern crowned warbler is a species of Old World warbler in the family Phylloscopidae. It inhabits boreal and temperate forests in the east Palearctic.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oriental cuckoo</span> Species of bird

The Oriental cuckoo or Horsfields cuckoo is a bird belonging to the genus Cuculus in the cuckoo family Cuculidae. It was formerly classified as a subspecies of the Himalayan cuckoo, with the name 'Oriental cuckoo' used for the combined species. Differences in voice and size suggest that it should be treated as a separate species. The binomial name Cuculus horsfieldi has often been used instead of Cuculus optatus, but is now usually considered to be a junior synonym.

The Kamchatka leaf warbler is a species of leaf warbler. It was formerly included in the "Old World warbler" assemblage. It is closely related to the Arctic warbler and the Japanese leaf warbler, to which it was formerly considered conspecific.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Japanese leaf warbler</span> Species of bird

The Japanese leaf warbler is a leaf warbler. The species was first described by Robert Swinhoe in 1863. It was formerly included in the "Old World warbler" assemblage. It is closely related to the Arctic warbler and the Kamchatka leaf warbler, to which it was formerly considered conspecific.

References

  1. BirdLife International (2016). "Phylloscopus borealis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T103845882A87673832. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T103845882A87673832.en . Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  2. Alström, P., Ssaitoh, T., Williams, D., Nishiumi, I., Shigeta, Y., Ueda, K., Irestedt, M., Björklund, M., and Olson, U. (2011). The Arctic Warbler Phylloscopus borealis– three anciently separated cryptic species revealed. Ibis 153(2): 395–410
  3. Stoddart, Andy (February 2003). "From the Rarities Committee's files: The Holme wing-barred Phylloscopus warbler". British Birds. 96 (2): 74–78. ISSN   0007-0335.
  4. Jobling, James A (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. pp.  74, 305. ISBN   978-1-4081-2501-4.