Armigatus

Armigatus Temporal range: Hauterivian/Barremian to Campanian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Fossil of A. brevissimus from Lebanon
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	† Ellimmichthyiformes
Family:	† Armigatidae
Genus:	† Armigatus Grande, 1982
Type species
† Clupea brevissimus Blainville, 1818
Species
See text

Armigatus is an extinct genus of marine clupeomorph fishes belonging to the order Ellimmichthyiformes. ^[1] These fishes lived in the Cretaceous (Albian to Campanian, about 103-72 million years ago); their fossil remains have been found in Mexico, Europe, the Middle East and North Africa, suggesting the genus ranged across the Tethys Sea. ^[2]

Etymology

The Latin generic epithet Armigatus, means bearer of armor. The specific epithet brevissimus signifies "shortest, smallest".

Description

Armigatus has an osteoglossid-like tooth patch, a large foramen in the anterior ceratohyal and a series of subtriangular dorsal scutes, giving rise to their scientific name. ^[3]

Species

• †A. alticorpusForey et al., 2003 ^{[4] [5]} from Namoura and Hakel, of the Sannine Formation in Lebanon.
• †A. brevissimus(Blainville, 1818), ^[4] the type species, from the Cenomanian of Lebanon (Hakel and Hajula in the Sannine Formation), Italy (Sicily), Slovenia (Komen), and Germany (Hesseltal Formation). Type species. ^[6]
• †A. carrenoaeAlvarado-Ortega et al., 2020 from the Albian Tlayua Formation of Mexico. ^[2]
• †A. dalmaticusMurray et al., 2016 from the Campanian deposits of Dalmatia, Croatia. ^[7]
• †A. elatus(Costa, 1850) from the Albian Pietraroja Plattenkalk of Italy (=Histiurus elatusCosta, 1850) ^[8]
• †A. felixiThan-Marchese et al., 2022 from the Albian Tlayua Formation of Mexico. ^[4]
• †A. namourensisForey et al., 2003 ^{[4] [5]} from Namoura, of the Sannine Formation in Lebanon.
• †A. oligodentatusVernygora and Murray, 2016 ^[9] from the Cenomanian/early Turonian Akrabou Formation of Morocco.
• †A. pliniiMarramà & Carnevale, 2023 from the Albian Pietraroja Plattenkalk of Italy ^[8]
• †A. simonettoiAmalfitano et al., 2025 from the late Hauterivian–early Barremian Grivò Flysch of Italy ^[10]

References

1. "PBDB Taxon". paleobiodb.org. Retrieved 2024-05-19.
2. Alvarado-Ortega, Jesús; Than-Marchese, Bruno Andrés; Melgarejo-Damián, María del Pilar (2020). "On the Albian occurrence of Armigatus (Teleostei, Clupeomorpha) in America, a new species from the Tlayúa Lagerstätte, Mexico". Palaeontologia Electronica. doi: 10.26879/1107 . ISSN   1935-3952.
3. Grande, L., 1982: A revision of the fossil genus †Diplomystus, with comments on the interrelationships of clupeomorph fishes. American Museum Novitiates 2728: 1–34.
4. Than-Marchese, Bruno Andrés; Alvarado-Ortega, Jesús (2022-10-01). "Armigatus felixi sp. nov. An Albian double armored herring (Clupeomorpha, Ellimmichthyiformes) from the Tlayúa lagerstätte, Mexico" . Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 118 103905. Bibcode:2022JSAES.11803905T. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2022.103905. ISSN   0895-9811.
5. Forey, Peter L.; Yi, Lu; Patterson, Colin; Davies, Cliff E. (2003-01). "Fossil fishes from the Cenomanian (Upper Cretaceous) of Namoura, Lebanon". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 1 (4): 227–330. doi:10.1017/s147720190300107x. ISSN 1477-2019.
6. Amalfitano, Jacopo; Giusberti, Luca; Fornaciari, Eliana; Carnevale, Giorgio (2020-04-03). "UPPER CENOMANIAN FISHES FROM THE BONARELLI LEVEL (OAE2) OF NORTHEASTERN ITALY". Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia. 126 (2). doi:10.13130/2039-4942/13224. ISSN   2039-4942.
7. Murray, Alison M.; Vernygora, Oksana; Japundžić, Sanja; Radovčić, Jakov; Wilson, Mark V. H.; Bardack, David; Grande, Terry (2016-11-01). "Relationships of the species of Armigatus (Clupeomorpha, Ellimmichthyiformes) and the description of a new species from the Cretaceous of Dalmatia, Croatia". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 36 (6) e1226851. doi:10.1080/02724634.2017.1226851. ISSN   0272-4634. S2CID   89072541.
8. Marramà, Giuseppe; Carnevale, Giorgio (2023). "Double-armoured herrings (Clupeomorpha: Ellimmichthyiformes) from the Lower Cretaceous of Pietraroja (Southern Italy)" . Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 21 (1). doi:10.1080/14772019.2023.2181109. ISSN   1477-2019.
9. VERNYGORA, OKSANA; MURRAY, ALISON M. (January 2016). "A New Species of Armigatus (Clupeomorpha, Ellimmichthyiformes) from the Late Cretaceous of Morocco, and ITS Phylogenetic Relationships". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 36 (1) e1031342. doi:10.1080/02724634.2015.1031342. ISSN   0272-4634. JSTOR   24740222. S2CID   86230107.
10. Amalfitano, Jacopo; Marramà, Giuseppe; Bannikov, Alexander F.; Dalla Vecchia, Fabio Marco; Carnevale, Giorgio. "A new armigatid fish (Clupeomorpha, Ellimmichthyiformes) from the Lower Cretaceous of northeastern Italy". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 0 (0) e2514113. doi:10.1080/02724634.2025.2514113. ISSN   0272-4634.