The Hudson River Portfolio is a series of 20 engravings of the Hudson River, completed by William Guy in 1820.[1] One of the engravings was located at the complex, and was destroyed.[2]
Bird's Eye View of New York and Brooklyn (1851) by John Backman
The Hudson River Portfolio is a widely reprinted etching on stone of Brooklyn seen from the air, completed by John Backman in 1851.[3] One of these prints, located in the complex, was destroyed in the September 11 attacks.[2]
The sculpture was heavily damaged in the collapse of 7 World Trade Center, where the sculpture was located. Only around 40 percent of the sculpture was recovered from the site after the attacks. With not enough of the original remaining for a restoration, the recovered elements were stored by the Calder Foundation. Today, a portion of the sculpture can be found at the National September 11 Memorial & Museum.[4]
The world's largest bronze sculpture of modern times stood between the Twin Towers on the Austin J. Tobin Plaza of the World Trade Center in New York City from 1972 until the September 11 attacks. The work, weighing more than 20 tons, was the only remaining work of art to be recovered largely intact from the ruins of the collapsed Twin Towers. After being dismantled and stored near a hangar at John F. Kennedy International Airport, the sculpture was the subject of the 2001 documentary Koenig's Sphere. Since then, the bronze sphere has become a memorial for the attacks.
The sculpture was installed in Battery Park between 2002 and 2017, when the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey moved it to Liberty Park, overlooking the September 11 Memorial and its original location.[5] The sculpture, rededicated at its permanent location on August 16, 2017, has been kept in the badly damaged condition it was found in after the September 11 attacks.[5]
Located on the Austin J. Tobin Plaza,[6] in front of the Marriott World Trade Center, the work was lost in the September 11 attacks. Though the sculpture may have survived the attacks and collapse of the buildings, its steel material was indistinguishable from the Ground Zero rubble. As a result, the sculpture was never recovered, and its remains were removed from Ground Zero along with the rest of the rubble.[7]
According to Saul Wenegrat, former director of the art program for the Port Authority, the sculpture may have been the most photographed piece of art in the World Trade Center Complex. It was also featured in many fashion advertisements.[6]
World Trade Center Plaza Sculpture (1972) by Masayuki Nagare
The plaza, seen in 1976. The World Trade Center Plaza Sculpture can be seen in the center.
Completed in 1972, Cloud Fortress occupied a minor plaza between buildings 4 and 5 that gave access from Church Street to the large Austin J. Tobin Plaza central to the complex of World Trade Center buildings.[8]
The sculpture survived the immediate attacks and collapse of the adjacent buildings, but was demolished several days later by emergency efforts to access and clear the site[9] and provide a stable area for heavy machinery to further access Austin J. Tobin Plaza. Following the sculpture's demolition, its remains were removed from Ground Zero along with the rest of the rubble.[8]
In 2004, Nagare created a one-half replica and named it "Cloud Fortress Jr."("雲の砦Jr."). It is on display at Hokkaido Museum of Modern Art.[10]
The World Trade Center Tapestry (1974) by Doug Argue
Saul Wenegrat, former director of the art program for the Port Authority of New York, had suggested to Miró that he could make a tapestry for the World Trade Center, but the artist declined as he would only make the work with his own hands but had no experience of making a tapestry. However, after his daughter recovered from an accident in Spain, Miró agreed to make a tapestry for the hospital that had treated her as a token of his gratitude. Having learned the technique from tapestry maker Josep Royo, Miró made several other tapestries with Royo, including one for the World Trade Center, Woman for the National Gallery of Art in Washington, DC, and one for the Fundació Joan Miró.[11]
The work was an abstract design, with bright blocks of colour, red, green, blue and yellow, with black elements and a light brown background. Made of wool and hemp, it measured 20×35 feet (6.1×10.7m) and weighed 4tons. It was completed in 1973 and displayed at a retrospective at the Grand Palais in Paris before being installed in New York City in 1974.[11]
The Builders, completed by Jacob Lawrence in 1974. The painting was never recovered after the attacks.
The Builders (1974) by Jacob Lawrence
Recollection Pond was a 30" x 22" 1/8" painting by Jacob Lawrence that was located inside the complex. It was removed at some point from 1974 to 2001, and was removed before the attacks, subsequently surviving.[2]
Recollection Pond (1974) by Romare Bearden
Recollection Pond was a 61″ x 79″ tapestry by Romare Bearden that was located in the World Trade Center from 1974 until its destruction in 2001. It was also briefly displayed at the Metropolitan Museum of Art.[12]
Entablature (1975) by Roy Lichtenstein
Entablature was an abstract painting designed by Roy Lichtenstein. It was destroyed in the attacks during the collapse of 7 World Trade Center, where it was located.[13]
Fan Dancing with the Birds (1976) by Hunt Slonem
Fan Dancing with the Birds, completed by painter Hunt Slonem in 1976, was a wall mural located in Port Authority Executive Dining Room at 1 World Trade Center.[14] It was one of the murals in the "fan dancing" series.[14]
The lobby of 1 World Trade Center in 2000. Sky Gate, New York is the black object that can be seen hanging on the wall.
The sculpture was commissioned by Saul Wenegrat, director of the art program for the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, for the World Trade Center and its "Percent For Art" program.[15] The piece evolved through several redesigns before its dedication.
The largest work the sculptor had created to date,[15] the wall piece was 32 feet wide, 17 feet tall and a foot thick[15]— and comprised more than 35 segments, each a dark painted wood relief. Completed in 1977 or 1978 (reported variously), Sky Gate' was dedicated at the mezzanine of One World Trade Center on December 12, 1978, overlooking Austin J. Tobin Plaza.[16][17]Kitty Carlisle Hart, chair of the New York State Council on the Arts presided over the ceremony.[15]
The sculpture was destroyed during the September 11 attacks and was not recovered.[16]
Pink Strelitzia, by Jim Dine. The painting was located in an unknown location within the complex.
Pink Strelitzia (1980) by Jim Dine
Pink Strelitzia, a paper etching, depicted a flower in a pot. The work, done by Jim Dine in 1980, was located at one of the buildings in the complex.[2]
Andrea Doria (1984) by Ronald Mallory
Andrea Doria, a painting completed by Ronald Mallory in 1984, was hung on one of the walls at the Windows on the World restaurant at the top of the North Tower. It was never recovered after the September 11 attacks.[18]
The Third Circle (1986) by Al Held
The painting, done by Al Held, was located in the lobby of 7 World Trade Center from 1986 until its destruction in 2001.[19][20]
The Asymptote (1988) by Carol Szymanski
The Asymptote was a large black-steel sculpture that was located on the lobby level of 7 World Trade Center from 1988 until the September 11 attacks.[21][2] Completed by Carol Szymanski, the sculpture was able to be hung on a wall, but also could stand upright.[21]
Crusading Euphoria (1989) by Ross Bleckner
Crusading Euphoria was a large painting of vertical lines in a pattern completed by Ross Bleckner in 1989. It was located in the lobby of 7 World Trade Center, and was never recovered after the September 11 attacks.[22]
The plaza, as seen during the September 11 attacks. The 1993 World Trade Center Bombing Memorial is the circular fountain to the left of the stage.
1993 World Trade Center Bombing Memorial (1995) by Elyn Zimmerman
The interior of the fountain had purposely cracked, white granite walls that evoked the appearance of ancient tumulus markers—mounds of earth raised over graves.[25][26]
Laestrygonia & Telepilus Laestrygonia II (1997) by Frank Stella
Laestrygonia and Telepilus Laestrygonia II were a series of 10-foot by 10-foot paintings completed by artist Frank Stella, that hung in the lobby of 7 World Trade Center until they were both destroyed in 2001. They were bought by Larry Silverstein in 1997.[27]
Union, as seen in the lobby of 2 World Trade Center.
World Trade Center Peace on Earth Sculpture (1998)
The World Trade Center Peace on Earth Sculpture was a large sculpture that stood on the West Street stairs that led to the plaza from 1998 to 2001.[28]
New York Metamorphosis (1998) by Torild Stray
New York Metamorphosis is a charcoal drawing completed by Torild Stray that was briefly located on the 85th floor of 1 World Trade Center.[29]
Union by Hunt Slonem
Union was a white marble sculpture located in the lobby of 2 World Trade Center for an unknown amount of time before its destruction.[14] It was made by Hunt Slonem, and sat atop a granite pedestal in one of the corners of the lobby, in the upper mezzanine.[14]
Path Mural by Cynthia Mailman
Path Mural, like Commuter Landscape, was a mural painted by Cynthia Mailman that was located at the WTC PATH station. Although it is not known what year the work was produced, it was destroyed in the attacks and never recovered.[18][2]
The first memorials to the victims of the September 11 attacks in 2001 began to take shape online, as hundreds of webmasters posted their own thoughts, links to the Red Cross and other rescue agencies, photos, and eyewitness accounts. Numerous online September 11 memorials began appearing a few hours after the attacks, although many of these memorials were only temporary. Around the world, U.S. embassies and consulates became makeshift memorials as people came out to pay their respects.
The Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building was a United States federal government complex located at 200 N.W. 5th Street in downtown Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. On April 19, 1995, the building was the target of the Oklahoma City bombing by Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols, which killed 168 people and injured 680 others. A third of the building collapsed seconds after the truck bomb detonated. The remains were demolished a month after the attack, and the Oklahoma City National Memorial was built on the site.
The New York Marriott World Trade Center was a 22-story, 825-room hotel within the original World Trade Center complex in Manhattan, New York City. It opened in April 1981 as the Vista International Hotel and was the first major hotel to open in Lower Manhattan south of Canal Street since 1836. In November 1995, it was bought by Marriott Corporation and renamed to the Marriott World Trade Center. It was unofficially known as the 3 World Trade Center.
The Sphere is a monumental cast bronze sculpture by German artist Fritz Koenig (1924–2017).
The Survivors' Staircase is a granite and concrete staircase that was the last visible remaining original structure above ground level at the World Trade Center site. It was originally an outdoor flight of stairs and two escalators, which connected Vesey Street to the World Trade Center's Austin J. Tobin Plaza. During the September 11 attacks, the stairs were an escape route for hundreds of evacuees from 5 World Trade Center, a 9-floor building adjacent to the Twin Towers. The staircase was moved from its original location in 2008, and in 2010 it became part of the National September 11 Memorial & Museum.
Austin Joseph Tobin was an American businessman who served as the executive director of the Port of New York Authority, the precursor to the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, from 1942 until 1972.
Westfield World Trade Center is a shopping mall at the World Trade Center complex in Manhattan, New York, which is operated and managed by Unibail-Rodamco-Westfield. The mall opened on August 16, 2016, as the largest shopping complex in Manhattan, with 125 retail spaces. It replaced The Mall at the World Trade Center, the underground shopping mall under the original World Trade Center, which was destroyed on September 11, 2001.
Zuccotti Park is a 33,000-square-foot (3,100 m2) publicly accessible park in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan in New York City. It is located in a privately owned public space (POPS) controlled by Brookfield Properties and Goldman Sachs. Zuccotti Park is bounded by Broadway to the east, Liberty Street to the north, Trinity Place to the west, and Cedar Street to the south.
Bent Propeller was a red stainless steel sculpture by Alexander Calder.
Liberty Park is a one-acre (0.40 ha) elevated public park at the World Trade Center in Manhattan, New York City, overlooking the National September 11 Memorial & Museum in Lower Manhattan. The park, which opened on June 29, 2016, is located above the World Trade Center's Vehicular Security Center. The St. Nicholas National Shrine is located within the park, as well as Fritz Koenig's The Sphere, the iconic sculpture salvaged from the World Trade Center site. Another statue, America's Response Monument, is also located in the park.
The World Trade Center Tapestry was a large tapestry by Joan Miró and Josep Royo. It was displayed in the lobby of 2 World Trade Center in New York City from 1974 until it was destroyed in 2001 by the collapse of the World Trade Center.
The original World Trade Center (WTC) was a complex of seven buildings in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan in New York City. Built primarily between 1966 and 1975, it was dedicated on April 4, 1973, and was destroyed during the September 11 attacks in 2001. At the time of their completion, the 110-story-tall Twin Towers, including the original 1 World Trade Center at 1,368 feet (417 m), and 2 World Trade Center at 1,362 feet (415.1 m), were the tallest buildings in the world. Other buildings in the complex included the Marriott World Trade Center, 4 WTC, 5 WTC, 6 WTC, and 7 WTC. The complex contained 13,400,000 square feet (1,240,000 m2) of office space and, prior to its completion, was projected to accommodate an estimated 130,000 people.
The World Trade Center Plaza Sculpture, also called Cloud Fortress, was a sculpture created by Japanese artist Masayuki Nagare in 1972. It was located at the World Trade Center complex at the Church Street entrance to the Austin J. Tobin Plaza.
Ideogram was a stainless steel sculpture in New York City by American sculptor James Rosati, completed in 1972. The work consisted of a number of intersecting beams with reflective surfaces.
Sky Gate, New York was a sculpture by the artist Louise Nevelson, located in the mezzanine of the North Tower of the World Trade Center in New York, from 1978 until its 2001 destruction in the collapse of the buildings during the September 11 attacks.
ONE: Union of the Senses is a mural by American artist José Parlá on display in the lobby of One World Trade Center in Manhattan, New York City. Commissioned in 2014, the painting was completed and installed in 2015. Measuring 90 feet wide, the painting is believed to be the largest painting in New York City.
An estimated $110 million of art was lost in the September 11 attacks: $100 million in private art and $10 million in public art. Much of the art was not insured for its full value.
The new World Trade Center complex features public art by a variety of artists.
The 1993 World Trade Center Bombing Memorial was created to commemorate the six lives lost during the February 26, 1993, bombing of the World Trade Center in New York City. The memorial was commissioned by the Port Authority of New York & New Jersey Art Commission after the events of the bombing, and completed in 1995. It was placed directly above the bomb's blast site —the public parking garage beneath the World Trade Center— and situated squarely between the Twin Towers in what was the Austin J. Tobin Plaza on the grounds of the World Trade Center complex. The Memorial, along with other valuable sculptures and pieces of artwork, was destroyed during the September 11 attacks.
The Austin J. Tobin Plaza, also known as the World Trade Center Plaza, was a large public square that was located on the World Trade Center site from 1966 until its destruction during the September 11 attacks in 2001. It covered 5 acres, making it the largest plaza in New York City by acreage at the time.
↑ See: "Al Held". National Gallery of Australia. Archived from the original on June 9, 2007. Retrieved May 29, 2007.Plagens, Peter (April 17, 1989). "Is Bigger Necessarily Better?". Newsweek.
↑ "Al Held". Art of the World Trade Center. August 7, 2023. Retrieved September 6, 2024.
↑ Zimmerman, Elyn (February 28, 2002). The World Trade Center Memorial, 1993(PDF). September 11: Art Loss, Damage, and Repercussions. International Foundation for Art Research. pp.13–14. Archived from the original(PDF) on March 27, 2022. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
↑ "Frank Stella". Art of the World Trade Center. August 7, 2023. Retrieved September 6, 2024.
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