Asplenium adiantum-nigrum

Asplenium adiantum-nigrum
Conservation status
Secure  (NatureServe)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Division:	Polypodiophyta
Class:	Polypodiopsida
Order:	Polypodiales
Suborder:	Aspleniineae
Family:	Aspleniaceae
Genus:	Asplenium
Species:	A. adiantum-nigrum
Binomial name
Asplenium adiantum-nigrum L. [1]
Synonyms [2]
Asplenium andrewsii A.Nelson Asplenium lucidum Burm.f.

Asplenium adiantum-nigrum is a common species of fern known by the common name black spleenwort. ^[3] It is found mostly in Africa, Europe, and Eurasia, but is also native to a few locales in Mexico and the United States. ^{[3] [4]}

Description

This spleenwort has thick, triangular leaf blades up to 10 centimeters long which are divided into several subdivided segments. It is borne on a reddish green petiole and the rachis is shiny and slightly hairy. The undersides of each leaf segment have one or more sori ^[4] arranged in chains. ^[5]

Taxonomy

Linnaeus was the first to describe black spleenwort with the binomial Asplenium adiantum-nigrum in his Species Plantarum of 1753. ^[6]

A chloroplast phylogeny verified the allopolyploid origin of A. adiantum-nigrum, with A. cuneifolium supplying the paternal genome and A. onopteris the maternal genome. ^[7]

Native distribution

Asplenium adiantum-nigrum is native to:

Africa

• Northern and Southern Africa in: Algeria; Lesotho; Morocco; the provinces of South Africa including Eastern Cape, Free State, Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, Mpumalanga, Northern Cape, and Western Cape; and Tunisia.

Asia

• Western Asia and Central Asia in - the Caucasus; Azerbaijan; Cyprus; the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt; Kyrgyzstan; Ciscaucasia and Dagestan in Russia; and Turkey.

Europe

• Albania; Austria; Belgium; Bulgaria; the Czech Republic; Denmark; Finland; France (including Corsica); Germany; Greece; Hungary; Ireland; Italy (including Sardinia); the Netherlands; Norway; Poland; Portugal, Romania; Spain; Sweden; Switzerland; Ukraine (including Krym); the United Kingdom; and in the Balkan Peninsula (former Yugoslavia)

Macaronesia

• Macaronesian archipelagoes of: the Azores, Madeira, the Canary Islands.

North America

• Southwestern United States – Arizona, Colorado, and Utah ^[3]

Oceania

• Hawaii ^[4]

In Hawaii, this native fern grows on cinder cones and lava flows, ^[8] and it is present in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. ^[5]

References

1.  Asplenium adiantum-nigrum was originally described and published in Species Plantarum 2: 1081. 1753. "Name - Asplenium adiantum-nigrum L." Tropicos. Saint Louis, Missouri: Missouri Botanical Garden . Retrieved November 4, 2011. Annotation: as "Adiant. nigrum"
2. "Name - Asplenium adiantum-nigrum L. synonyms". Tropicos. Saint Louis, Missouri: Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved November 4, 2011.
3. "Asplenium adiantum-nigrum". Germplasm Resources Information Network . Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture . Retrieved November 4, 2011.
4. Wagner, Warren H. Jr.; Moran, Robbin C.; Werth, Charles R. (1993). "Asplenium adiantum-nigrum". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico. Vol. 2: Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.
5. Esser, Lora L. 1994. Asplenium adiantum-nigrum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer).
6. Linnaeus, C. (1753). Species Plantarum. Vol. II (1st ed.). Stockholm: Laurentii Salvii. p. 1081.
7. Xu et al. 2020, p. 46.
8. Asplenium adiantum-nigrum. The Nature Conservancy.

• Xu, Ke-Wang; Zhang, Liang; Rothfels, Carl J.; Smith, Alan R.; Viane, Ronald; Lorence, David; Wood, Kenneth R.; Chen, Cheng-Wei; Knapp, Ralf; Zhou, Lin; Lu, Ngan Thi; Zhou, Xin-Mao; Wei, Hong-Jin; Fan, Qiang; Chen, Su-Fang; Cicuzza, Daniele; Gao, Xin-Fen; Li, Wen-Bo; Zhang, Li-Bing (2020). "A global plastid phylogeny of the fern genus Asplenium (Aspleniaceae)". Cladistics . 36 (1): 22–71. doi: 10.1111/cla.12384 . PMID   34618950. S2CID   201197385.

External links

• USDA Plants Profile - Asplenium adiantum-nigrum