Commercial broadcasting is the broadcasting of television programs and radio programming by privately owned corporate media, as opposed to state sponsorship, for example. It was the United States' first model of radio during the 1920s, in contrast with the public television model during the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s, which prevailed worldwide, except in the United States, Mexico, and Brazil, until the 1980s.
THR is a defunct radio channel in Malaysia. It was the first private commercial radio station in the country, having based in the capital of Kuala Lumpur.
The mass media in Brunei are strictly controlled by the government under Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah, which has effectively imposed martial law in the country since the Brunei Revolt of 1962. News coverage consists of police-beat reporting, lifestyle features, and community events, with little in the way of diverse viewpoints. Reporters Without Borders reports there is "virtually no criticism of the government". The liberal democracy watchdog Freedom House lists Brunei's media as "not free".
Astro Malaysia Holdings Berhad is a Malaysian media and entertainment holding company that began as a paid digital satellite radio and television service, Astro. The company is owned by Usaha Tegas Sdn. Bhd., which also owns Astro Overseas Limited. It serves 5.7 million homes or 72% of Malaysian TV households, 7,500 enterprises, 17.2 million weekly radio listeners, 14.7 million digital monthly unique visitors and 3.1 million shoppers across its TV, radio, digital and commerce platforms.
Hitz is a Malaysian national radio station managed by Astro Radio, a subsidiary of Astro Malaysia Holdings Berhad. The radio station name was changed from Hitz.FM to Hitz FM in 2014. In 2015, as according to Nielsen RAM Survey Wave #1, Hitz FM maintained its position as Malaysia's leading English-language station with over 1.2 million listeners. Hitz FM has a weekly audience of more than 2.2M listeners on radio. It targets listeners between the age of 10 to 29, according to Astro Radio. The radio station's slogan is "Malaysia's #1 Hit Music Station."
Red FM is a defunct Malaysian English language private radio station that used to broadcast across Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. It was managed by Star Media Radio Group, a wholly owned subsidiary of Star Publications (M) Bhd. Red FM began broadcasting on 1 September 2001 and was one of Malaysia's top five English radio stations.
Era is a Malaysian Malay-language radio station operated by Astro Radio. The radio station broadcasts 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. The radio station went on air on 1 August 1998. In the past few years, this station played a wider mixture of music from the 1980s to current-day, but now it plays Malaysian and international hit songs, including Korean songs. Radio stations in Kota Kinabalu and Kuching will be moved back to Kuala Lumpur following Astro Radio closure of operations in Sabah and Sarawak since 30 September 2023. In 2015, as according to Nielsen RAM Survey Wave #1, Era FM maintained its position as Malaysia's leading Malay-language station with over 4.8 million listeners.
2012 in Malaysia is Malaysia's 55th anniversary of Malaysia's independence.
Capital FM was a radio station launched in 2011 by a team led by Jamal Hassim, a Malaysia-based media entrepreneur, together with a group of influential investors. The stations' headquarters and studios were uniquely located in the Concord Hotel Atrium in downtown Kuala Lumpur. The station was a radio network that pitched programming for listeners in the Klang Valley, the first Malaysian urban focused station. The station merged with the Rediffusion Group and the network was repositioned to address urban female listeners and marketed as the destination of choice for stylish, thinking women, targeted 25–34 years old's living in cities and other urban areas in Malaysia.
Lite is one of Malaysia's English-language radio stations managed by Astro Radio, a subsidiary of Astro Malaysia Holdings Berhad. The station mostly plays Classic hits from the 1960s, 1970s, 1980s and 1990s which targeting listeners between the age of 35 to 49. Unlike any other stations by Astro Radio, Lite have the lowest weekly listeners based on GfK Radio Audience Measurement (RAM), Wave 1 in June 2019, Lite dropped by 0.24% to 831k weekly listeners.
Sinar is a Malaysian Malay-language radio station operated by Astro Radio. The radio station began broadcasting on 1 March 2004. The radio station focused on mature listeners and plays classic music from both local and foreign artists, compared to its sister station, Era, Gegar and Zayan), which target younger and East Coast listeners, respectively. In 2015, as according to Nielsen RAM Survey Wave #1, Sinar maintained its position as Malaysia's second leading Malay-language station with over 3.7 million listeners.
TEA FM is an East Malaysian Chinese and English language radio station. TEA FM is Sarawak's first Mandarin Chinese and English local private radio station.
Raaga is a Malaysian Tamil-language radio station operated by Astro Radio. In 2015, as according to Nielsen RAM Survey Wave #1, THR Raaga maintained its position as Malaysia's leading Tamil-language station with over two million listeners. It also emerged as South East Asia's No.1 Tamil radio station by beating state-owned Minnal FM and Singapore-based Oli 96.8FM.
My is a Malaysian-Chinese language radio station managed by Astro Radio, a subsidiary of Astro Malaysia Holdings Berhad. In 2015, as according to Nielsen RAM Survey Wave #1, My FM maintained its position as Malaysia's leading Chinese-language station with over 2.0 million listeners, it was challenged by 988 which is currently the leading Chinese radio station there.
Zayan is a Malaysian Malay language radio station operated by Astro Radio. The radio station went on air on 2 October 2017. Its frequencies were formerly used by The Star's former radio station, Red FM. The radio station targets Muslim listeners aged 18–35 and plays music from local and international artists, as well as mainly Islamic-related content. It is the first Islamic radio station operated by Astro Radio.
GoXuan is a Malaysian Chinese language radio station operated by Astro Radio. The radio station went on air on 2 October 2017 and targets Chinese Generation Z listeners.
Gegar is a Malaysian Malay language radio station operated by Astro Radio. The radio station targets East Coast Peninsular listeners and plays music from local artists, as well as some Islamic-related content. In late 2017, the former THR Gegar is rated as the No. 1 radio brand in the East Coast with 2.8 million weekly listeners by the GfK's Wave 2 Radio Audience Measurement (RAM). The rebranding on 1 January 2018 removed the "THR" name from Gegar, and the change also happened to Raaga.
Molek FM, stylized as molek fm is a Malaysian private radio station operated by Media Prima Audio, a radio subsidiary of Media Prima Berhad, serving the East Coast areas of Peninsular Malaysia. The Station operates 24 hours daily from the Company's Sri Pentas headquarters in Petaling Jaya, Selangor. The Station is targeted to listeners aged 18 to 39, as well as East Coast peninsular listeners aged 24 to 34.
