Bairagi Brahmin (caste)

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Bairagi
SwamiVaishnavMahant
Swami Ramanandacharya.jpg
Classification Ramanandi SampradayaNimbarka SampradayaVishnuswami SampradayaMadhvacharya Sampradaya [1]
Kuladevta (male) RamaKrishnaSatyanarayana • (Avatars of Vishnu) • Hanuman
Kuladevi (female) SitaRadhaRukminiTulsi • (Avatars of Lakshmi)
Guru RamanandaTulsidasNabha DassRamanuja
NishanKapidhwaj (Hanuman on Flag)
Religions Om symbol.svg Hinduism
Languages HindiAwadhiBhojpuriAssameseBraj BhashaMaithiliMagahiAngikaBajjikaNagpuriBagheliBundeliKannaujiKauraviHaryanviBagriPunjabiRajasthaniChhattisgarhiOdiaBengaliMarathiTamil
Country IndiaNepal
Populated statesIndia
Uttar PradeshBiharJharkhandMadhya PradeshHimachal PradeshUttarakhandRajasthanPunjabMaharastraChhattisgarhOdishaWest BengalHaryanaTamil NaduTripura
Nepal
Madhesh
Feudal title Mahant/Swami/Bawa
Color Saffron, red, yellow, or white
Historical grouping Brahmin (especially Saryupareen and Kanyakubja Brahmins)
StatusMonasterial Community

Bairagi Brahmin or Vaishnav Bairagi or Vaishnav Brahmin is a Hindu caste. They are Hindu priests. They are sedentary rasik (temple dwelling or temple priest) Brahmin members of the Vaishnava sampradayas, especially the Ramanandi Sampradaya. [2] . According to K.S. Singh, the community uses different Surnames/Titles in different States and union territories of India, these are - Swami, Bairagi, Mahanta, Vaishnav, Bawa, Pandit, Purohit, Goswami, Sharma, Adhikari and Vairagi. [3] They are Vaishnav, and wear the sacred thread. A majority of Bairagi Brahmin is found in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Assam, and Odisha. Bairagi are considered as part of the 'upper castes' of Bengal. [4]

Contents

Bairagi Sect and Bairagi Brahmin Caste

Bairagi Sect

Members of vaishnava sampradayas are called Bairagi or Vairagi. And these members are divided into three categories – renunciant (Virakt), warrior (Naga) and temple-dwelling (temple priest) ascetics. The most of renunciant and warrior are unmarried ascetics. Anyone can be member of these communities. [5] But there are evidences of different meetings of vaishnava mahants who have decided that member of anyone caste could not be member of the community.

"Decision was taken by all the vaishnava mahants that no one would be member of the community except Brahmin and Kshatriya. And other castes excluded from the community." – Galta Temple Meeting, 1713. [6]

Another case was of Maharaja Jai Singh II, king of Jaipur State held a meeting with all Vaishnavas mahants.

"Decision was taken that other castes would not be part of bairagis except Brahmin and Kshatriya." – Meeting of Maharaja Jai Singh II with Ramanandi mahants and other vaishnava to maintain strict caste rules, 1720. [7]

Maharaja Jai Singh II obtained pledges from Ramanandi mahants and other vaishnava to maintain strict caste rules.

Senugupta describes them as a High caste group. [8] According to H.A. Rose, in the Punjab and Haryana, most of Bairagis were recruited from Jats. [9] Bairagi Class or sect in bengal is formed of by all Classes and Castes in Bramha or Gaudiya Sampradaya.

Bairagis were liberals but in the practice Brahmin Bairagis (Bairagi Brahmins) took food only from another Brahmins. [9]

William Pinch believes that the Bairagi branch of Vaishnavas is the result of the Bhakti Movement in 1000th CE. [10]

Bairagi Brahmin Caste

Bairagi Brahmin caste is formed of sedentary rasik (temple dwelling or temple priest) Brahmin members of the vaishnava sampradayas especially the Ramanandi Sampradaya. They are the members of vaishnava sampradayas. They are married and they have families. And rights of priesthood pass to their descendants. It is found that Bairagi Brahmins are priest in the most of villages and cities. [11]

According to Mayer, Status of Bairagis is equal with other Brahmins. [12]

Structure of Bairagi Brahmins

Bairagi brahmins are divided into four Sampradayas - often referred to collectively as the 'Chatur-Sampradaya'. 1. Rudra Sampradaya (Vishnuswami), 2. Sri Sampradaya (Ramanandi), 3. Nimbarka Sampradaya and 4. Brahma Sampradaya (Madhvacharya). [13]

Akharas

There are three prominent Bairagi (Vaishnav) Akharas: [14] [15]

Hanuman Garhi Temple, a major site of Ramanandi Bairagis in Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh. Hanuman Garhi Temple, a major religious site in Ayodhya utter pradesh.jpg
Hanuman Garhi Temple, a major site of Ramanandi Bairagis in Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh.

Mahabharat

The Mahabharata says that once, after Babruvahana dug a dry pond, a Bairagi Brahmin reached the centre of pond and instantly water came out of the pond with a thunderous noise. [17]

Related Research Articles

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Brahmin is a varna (caste) within Hindu society. The other three varnas are the Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra. The traditional occupation of Brahmins is that of priesthood at Hindu temples or at socio-religious ceremonies, and the performing of rite of passage rituals, such as solemnising a wedding with hymns and prayers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gaudiya Vaishnavism</span> Hindu religious movement

Gaudiya Vaishnavism, also known as Chaitanya Vaishnavism, is a Vaishnava Hindu religious movement inspired by Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (1486–1534) in India. "Gaudiya" refers to the Gaura or Gauḍa region of Bengal, with Vaishnavism meaning "the worship of Vishnu". Specifically, it is part of Krishnaism—Krishna-centric Vaishnavite traditions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ramananda</span> 14th century Vaishnava Bhakti poet-saint from India

Jagadguru Swami Ramananda or Ramanandacharya was an Indian 14th-century Hindu Vaishnava devotional poet saint, who lived in the Gangetic basin of northern India. The Hindu tradition recognizes him as the founder of the Ramanandi Sampradaya, the largest monastic Hindu renunciant community in modern times.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Baladeva Vidyabhushana</span> Indian Gaudiya Vaishnava acharya

Baladeva Vidyabhushana also known as Śrī Gauḍīya Vedānta-ācārya Śrīla Baladeva Vidyābhūṣaṇa Prabhupāda was an Indian Gaudiya Vaishnava-Acharya.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dadu Dayal</span> Indian saint

Sant Dadu Dayal was a poet-saint religious reformer who spoke against formalism and priestcraft, and was active in Rajasthan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ramanandi Sampradaya</span> Branch of the Vaishnava Hinduism

The Ramanandi, also known as Ramavats, is one of the largest sect of Vaishnavas. Out of 52 gates of Vaishnavism divided into 4 Vaishnava Sampradayas, 36 are held by Ramanandi. The sect mainly emphasizes the worship of Rama, Sita, and Hanuman and avatars of Vishnu. They consider Rama and Sita as Supreme Absolute who are non different from each other. It is considered to have been founded by Ramananda, a 14th-century Vaishnava saint.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hanuman Garhi Temple</span> Hindu Temple in Uttar Pradesh, India

Hanuman Garhi is a Hindu temple of Hanuman in Uttar Pradesh, India. Located in Ayodhya, it is one of the most important temples in the city along with other temples such as Ram Mandir and Nageshwar Nath. This shrine is under the charge of Bairagi Mahants of Ramanandi Sampradaya and Nirvani Akhara.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Galtaji</span> Temple complex in Rajasthan, India

Galtaji is an ancient Hindu pilgrimage about 10 km away from Jaipur, in the Indian state of Rajasthan. The site consists of a series of temples built into a narrow crevice in the ring of hills that surrounds Jaipur. A natural spring emerges high on the hill and flows downward, filling a series of sacred kunds in which pilgrims bathe. Visitors and pilgrims can ascend the crevasse, continuing past the highest water pool to a hilltop temple from there are views of Jaipur and its fortifications spreads out across the valley floor. It is believed that a Saint named Galav lived here, practiced meditation, and did penance (tapasya).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sri Vaishnavism</span> One of the major Vaishnava traditions

Sri Vaishnavism is a denomination within the Vaishnavism tradition of Hinduism. The name refers to goddess Lakshmi, as well as a prefix that means "sacred, revered", and the god Vishnu, who are together revered in this tradition.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Akhara</span> Place of practice for Indian martial artists or in Hindu monastic orders

Akhara or Akhada is an Indian word for a place of practice with facilities for boarding, lodging and training, both in the context of Indian martial artists or a sampradaya monastery for religious renunciates in Guru–shishya tradition. For example, in the context of the Dashanami Sampradaya sect, the word denotes both martial arts and religious monastic aspects of the trident wielding martial regiment of the renunciating sadhus.

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The Kachhi are a Hindu caste of vegetable cultivators found in the regions of Delhi, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh in India. .Kacchi are branch of Shakya community which are the descendant of gautam buddha and gotra are gautam. They are belong to ksthariya caste.

Hindu denominations, sampradayas, traditions, movements, and sects are traditions and sub-traditions within Hinduism centered on one or more gods or goddesses, such as Vishnu, Shiva, Shakti and so on. The term sampradaya is used for branches with a particular founder-guru with a particular philosophy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ujjain Simhastha</span> Hindu religious mela held every 12 years

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Vairagi is a Hindu Sect who follow Vaishnavism. Celibate Ascetics of Vaishnav Sampradaya are called Vairagi or Bairagi.

Bairagi or Vairagi may refer to:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kilhadev</span> 16th-century Hindu religious leader

Kilhadevacharya or Kilhadevji was the second Mahant of Gaddi of Galtaji, Jaipur, one of thirty-six dwaras of Ramanandi Sampradaya (Bairagis). He succeeded gaddi after his guru Krishnadas Payahari. He was the Guru of Raja Askaran, ruler of Amber(Jaipur) and Narwar. And Diksha Guru of Rupsi Bairagi, son of Prithvi Singh, ruler of Amber (Jaipur) and uncle of Askaran.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Krishnadas Payahari</span> 16th-century Ramanandi Hindu religious leader

Krishnadas Payahari, also known as Payahari Baba was a Ramanandi Hindu saint and disciple of Anantananda, one of the twelve disciple of Ramananda. Krishnadas Payohari was the founder and first Mahant of Gaddi of Galtaji dham, Jaipur. He came to Galta early in the 16th century. He was the guru of Prithvi Singh, ruler of Amber (Jaipur) and his wife Apurva Devi. He was also guru of Raja Jagat Singh of Kullu.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thakurdwara Bhagwan Narainji</span> Ramanandi Hindu temple in Gurdaspur district, Punjab, India

Thakurdwara Bhagwan Narainji is a historical Hindu temple belonging to Ramanandi Sampradaya, located in the village Pandori Mahantan in Gurdaspur district of Punjab in India. It constitutes one of the fifty-two Vaishnav dvaras of Indian subcontinent into which Bairagis have been organized. The shrine was founded by Ramanandi saint Shri Bhagwanji and his disciple ShriNarainji after whom the shrine has been name.The temple is known for its spectacular Baisakhi fair.

References

  1. Pinch, William R. (1996). Peasants and monks in British India . University of California Press. p.  27. ISBN   978-0-520-20061-6.
  2. Moran, Arik (2013). "Toward a history of devotional Vaishnavism in the West Himalayas: Kullu and the Ramanandis, c. 1500–1800". The Indian Economic & Social History Review. 50: 1–25. doi:10.1177/0019464612474165.
  3. K.S. Singh (1996), PEOPLE OF INDIA, National Series Volume VIII, Communities, Segments, Synonyms, Surnames and Titles : Anthropological Survey of India, Oxford University Press, p. 1089, ISBN   0-19-563357-1
  4. Nirmal Kumar Bose, Some Aspects of Caste in Bengal, p. 399, Vol. 71, No. 281, Traditional India: Structure and Change, American Folklore Society
  5. Moran, Arik (2013). "Toward a history of devotional Vaishnavism in the West Himalayas: Kullu and the Ramanandis, c. 1500–1800". The Indian Economic & Social History Review. 50: 1–25. doi:10.1177/0019464612474165.
  6. Pinch, William R. (1996). Peasants and monks in British India . University of California Press. p.  27. ISBN   978-0-520-20061-6.
  7. Pinch, William R. (1996). Peasants and monks in British India . University of California Press. p.  28. ISBN   978-0-520-20061-6.
  8. Senugupta, Parna (2011). Pedagogy for Religion: Missionary Education and the Fashioning of Hindus and Muslims in Bengal. University of California Press. pp. 104, 112.
  9. 1 2 Horace Arthur Rose (1997), A Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North-West Frontier Province A.-K · Volume 2, Nirmal Publishers and Distributors, p. 36, ISBN   9788185297699, 818529769X {{citation}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)
  10. Choubey, Devendra. Sahitya Ka Naya Soundaryashastra (in Hindi). Kitabghar Prakashan. p. 282. ISBN   978-81-89859-11-4.
  11. Moran, Arik (2013). "Toward a history of devotional Vaishnavism in the West Himalayas: Kullu and the Ramanandis, c. 1500–1800". The Indian Economic & Social History Review. 50: 1–25. doi:10.1177/0019464612474165.
  12. Mayer, Adrian C. (1960). Caste and Kinship in Central India. Routledge. pp. 28–29. 36–39.
  13. Pinch, William R. (1996). Peasants and monks in British India . University of California Press. p.  27. ISBN   978-0-520-20061-6.
  14. [South Asian Religions on Display: Religious Processions in South Asia and in the Diaspora, Knut A. Jacobsen, ISBN hardback 978-0-415-4373-3, ISBN ebook ISBN hardback 978-0-203-93059-5]
  15. Jāyasavāla, Akhileśa (1991). 18vīṃ śatābdī meṃ Avadha ke samāja evaṃ saṃskr̥ti ke katipaya paksha: śodha prabandha (in Hindi). Śāradā Pustaka Bhavana.
  16. "बाकी अखाड़ों से अलग कैसे है 'दिगंबर अखाड़ा'?". News18 India. 19 December 2018. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
  17. Makhan Jha (1998), India and Nepal : Sacred Centres and Anthropological Researches, M.D. Publications Pvt., p. 100, ISBN   81-7533-081-3