Bernard Fellay

Last updated

Bernard Fellay

Superior General Emeritus of the Society of St. Pius X
Mgr Bernard Fellay.jpg
Fellay, circa 2008
ElectedJuly 1994
Term ended11 July 2018
Predecessor Franz Schmidberger
Successor Davide Pagliarani
Orders
Ordination29 June 1982
by  Marcel Lefebvre
Consecration30 June 1988
by Marcel Lefebvre
Personal details
Born (1958-04-12) 12 April 1958 (age 65)
NationalitySwiss
Denomination Catholic Church
Alma mater The International Seminary of Saint Pius X
MottoSpes nostra
(Our hope)
Coat of arms Coat of Arms of Bishop Bernard Fellay.svg
Ordination history of
Bernard Fellay
History
Priestly ordination
Ordained by Marcel Lefebvre
Date29 June 1982
Place The International Seminary of Saint Pius X, Écône, Switzerland
Episcopal consecration
Principal consecrator Marcel Lefebvre
Co-consecrators Antônio de Castro Mayer
Date30 June 1988
Place The International Seminary of Saint Pius X, Écône, Switzerland

Bernard Fellay FSSPX (born 12 April 1958) is a Swiss bishop and former superior general of the Traditionalist Catholic priestly fraternity Society of Saint Pius X (SSPX). In 1988, Pope John Paul II announced that Fellay and three others were automatically excommunicated for being consecrated as bishops by Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre, an act that the Holy See described as "unlawful" and "schismatic". [1] Archbishop Lefebvre, and Bishop Antônio de Castro Mayer who co-consecrated these four bishops, were also said to be automatically excommunicated. At that time, he was the youngest bishop of the Roman Catholic Church at 30 years old.

Contents

In January 2009, at Fellay's request, [2] the Congregation for Bishops, on instructions from Pope Benedict XVI, rescinded the excommunication. [3]

Early life and ministry

Fellay was born in Sierre, Switzerland in 1958. In October 1977, at the age of nineteen, Fellay began studies for the priesthood at the International Seminary of Saint Pius X at Écône, Switzerland. On 29 June 1982 he was ordained a priest by Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre. After his ordination, he was named Bursar General of the SSPX and was stationed at Rickenbach, the headquarters of the SSPX in Switzerland. He continued in that position for the next ten years. He is fluent in French, Italian, English and German, and knows Spanish. Fellay is also an avid biker.

Consecration and excommunication

In June 1988 Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre announced his intention to consecrate Fellay and three other priests (Bernard Tissier de Mallerais, Richard Williamson, and Alfonso de Galarreta) as bishops. Lefebvre did not have a pontifical mandate for these consecrations (i.e. permission from the pope), normally required by Canon 1382 of the Code of Canon Law, despite repeatedly requesting permission and being promised it, but with no timeline being given. On 17 June 1988 Cardinal Bernardin Gantin, prefect of the Congregation for Bishops sent the four priests a formal canonical warning that he would automatically incur the penalty of excommunication if they were to be consecrated by Lefebvre without papal permission.

On 30 June 1988, Fellay and the three other priests were consecrated bishop by Archbishop Lefebvre and Bishop Antônio de Castro Mayer. On 1 July 1988, Cardinal Gantin issued a declaration stating that Lefebvre, de Castro Mayer, Fellay, and the three other newly ordained bishops "have incurred ipso facto the excommunication latae sententiae reserved to the Apostolic See".

On 2 July 1988, Pope John Paul II issued the motu proprio Ecclesia Dei , in which he reaffirmed the excommunication, and described the consecration as an act of "disobedience to the Roman pontiff in a very grave matter and of supreme importance for the unity of the Church", and that "such disobedience – which implies in practice the rejection of the Roman primacy – constitutes a schismatic act". [4] Cardinal Darío Castrillón Hoyos, head of the commission responsible for implementing Ecclesia Dei, has said this resulted in a "situation of separation, even if it was not a formal schism." [5]

The SSPX denied the validity of the excommunications, saying that the consecrations were necessary, according to canon law, which allowed bishops to be consecrated without a papal mandate in situations perceived to be grave, with the SSPX citing the moral and theological crisis in the Catholic Church. [6] [7] [8]

SSPX superior general

In July 1994 the General Chapter of the SSPX met at Écône and elected Fellay as superior general in succession to Father Franz Schmidberger. On 12 July 2006, he was re-elected for another term of 12 years.

On 29 August 2005, Fellay was received in audience by Pope Benedict XVI at Castel Gandolfo. [9] The audience was also attended by Cardinal Castrillón Hoyos and Father Schmidberger. They discussed the present state of the Church and of the SSPX, the Society's concerns about Modernism in the Church, the restoration of the Tridentine Mass, and the possible recognition of the SSPX by the Holy See.

By a decree of 21 January 2009 (Protocol Number 126/2009), which was issued in response to a renewed request that Bishop Fellay made on behalf of all four bishops whom Lefebvre had consecrated on 30 June 1988, the Prefect of the Congregation for Bishops, by the power expressly granted to him by Pope Benedict XVI, remitted the automatic excommunication that they had thereby incurred, and expressed the wish that this would be followed speedily by full communion of the whole of the Society of Saint Pius X with the Church, thus bearing witness, by the proof of visible unity, to true loyalty and true recognition of the Pope's Magisterium and authority. [3] The canonical situation of the four bishops thus became the same as that of the other clergy of the Society, who are suspended a divinis. [10]

The remissions have not been unanimously welcomed by all members of the SSPX. Florian Abrahamowicz, a SSPX's dean of Northeastern Italy, called the action "insulting," since it claimed to remit an excommunication of these four bishops that the Society had officially maintained since 1988 did not exist. [11] Abrahamowicz was very soon expelled by the Italian chapter of the Society of Saint Pius X for either that comment or his Holocaust-related remarks. [12]

Cardinal Antonio Cañizares Llovera, Prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments, has reported Fellay as declaring that if Archbishop Lefebvre had seen how Mass is celebrated in an abbey near Florence in strict accordance with the 1970 Missal, he would not have taken the step that he did take. [13]

Speaking in relation to the talks with Rome in an interview in July 2009, Fellay said of the significance of the Second Vatican Council, "We will not make any compromise on the Council. I have no intention of making a compromise. The truth does not tolerate compromise. We do not want a compromise, we want clarity regarding the Council." In February 2011, Fellay said that the reconciliation talks with the Vatican would soon be coming to an end, with little change in the views of either side. In addition to disputes over the changes introduced by the Second Vatican Council, new problems have been created by plans for the beatification of Pope John Paul II. Fellay said the scheduled beatification of Pope John Paul II on 1 May 2011 posed "a serious problem, the problem of a pontificate that caused things to proceed by leaps and bounds in the wrong direction, along 'progressive' lines, toward everything that they call 'the spirit of Vatican II.'" [14] Bishop Williamson, in his weekly message, wrote that Fellay was being too open to dialogue between the Society of St. Pius X and the Holy See. [15] However, on 12 October 2013, Fellay declared, "We thank God, we have been preserved from any kind of agreement from last year", saying that the society had withdrawn the compromise text that it presented to Rome on 15 April 2012. [16]

On the same occasion, he spoke of the Third Secret of Fatima as seemingly foretelling "both a material chastisement and a great crisis in the Church" and described Pope Francis as "a genuine Modernist", who, in late July 2013, had begun a series of contacts, regarding which Fellay said: "We may not have the entire picture at this point, we have enough to be scared to death." [16] He expressed a different view about Pope Francis on 11 May 2014, saying that Francis had read twice a biography of Archbishop Lefebvre and enjoyed it: "With the current pope, as he is a practical man, he looks at people. What a person thinks, what he believes, is at the end a matter of indifference to him. What matters is that this person be sympathetic in his view, that he seems correct to him, one may say it like this. And therefore he read twice Bp. Tissier de Mallerais' book on Abp. Lefebvre, and this book pleased him; he is against all that we represent, but, as a life, it pleased him." He also described how Pope Francis took a tolerant view of the FSSPX in Argentina, even saying that "I will not condemn them, and I will not stop anyone from visiting them." [17]

On 28 December 2012, in a radio interview aired from Our Lady of Mount Carmel Chapel in New Hamburg, Ontario, Canada, Bishop Fellay declared, "Who, during that time, was the most opposed that the Church would recognize the Society? The enemies of the Church. The Jews, the Masons, the Modernists." That was taken by various media entities to be an attack on the Jewish faith. [18]

The Society of St. Pius X issued the following reply: "The word 'enemies' used here by Bishop Fellay is of course a religious concept and refers to any group or religious sect which opposes the mission of the Catholic Church and her efforts to fulfill it: the salvation of souls. ...By referring to the Jews, Bishop Fellay's comment was aimed at the leaders of Jewish organizations, and not the Jewish people, as is being implied by journalists. Accordingly the Society of St. Pius X denounces the repeated false accusations of anti-Semitism or hate speech made in an attempt to silence its message." [19]

On 9 December 2014, Bishop Fellay came at the European Parliament of Brussels and blessed the nativity scene made by the artisan masters of San Gregorio Armeno, Naples, on an initiative of the Italian politician Mario Borghezio (Lega Nord) and at the presence of the Veneto's governor Luca Zaia. [20] [21] [22] The same benediction was replicated four years later. [23]

It was reported on 24 May 2017, that SSPX bishops have been authorized by the Vatican to ordain priests without permission of the local bishop. [24]

In July 2017, Bishop Fellay signed a document along with a number of other clergy and academics labeled as a "Filial Correction" of Pope Francis. The twenty-five page document, which was made public in September after receiving no reply from the Holy See, stated that the Pope could possibly be saying various words, actions and omissions during his pontificate going against charity and the Church. [25]

Fellay's term as Superior General concluded on 11 July 2018 upon the election of Davide Pagliarani as his successor. [26]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Marcel Lefebvre</span> French traditionalist Catholic archbishop (1905–1991)

Marcel François Marie Joseph Lefebvre was a French Catholic archbishop who influenced modern traditional Catholicism. In 1970, five years after the close of the Second Vatican Council, he founded the Society of Saint Pius X (SSPX), a community to train seminarians in the traditional manner, in the village of Écône, Switzerland. In 1988, Pope John Paul II declared that Archbishop Lefebvre had "incurred the grave penalty of excommunication envisaged by ecclesiastical law" for consecrating four bishops against the pope's express prohibition but, according to Lefebvre, in reliance on an "agreement given by the Holy See ... for the consecration of one bishop."

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Traditionalist Catholicism</span> Catholic religious movement

Traditionalist Catholicism is a movement that emphasizes beliefs, practices, customs, traditions, liturgical forms, devotions and presentations of teaching associated with the Catholic Church before the Second Vatican Council (1962–65). Traditionalist Catholics particularly emphasize the Tridentine Mass, the Roman Rite liturgy largely replaced in general use by the post-Second Vatican Council Mass of Paul VI.

The Society of Saint Pius X is an organization of Traditionalist Catholic priests founded in 1970 by Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre, who was present at the Second Vatican Council with the Coetus Internationalis Patrum and served as Superior General of the Holy Ghost Fathers until 1968. The society originally served as a pious union within the Roman Catholic Church.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Richard Williamson (bishop)</span> British Catholic traditionalist bishop

Richard Nelson Williamson is a British independent Traditionalist Catholic bishop who opposes the changes in the church brought about by the Second Vatican Council.

Ecclesia Dei is the document Pope John Paul II issued on 2 July 1988 in reaction to the Ecône consecrations, in which four priests of the Society of Saint Pius X were ordained as bishops despite an express prohibition by the Holy See. The consecrating bishop and the four priests consecrated were excommunicated. John Paul called for unity and established the Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei to foster a dialogue with those associated with the consecrations who hoped to maintain both loyalty to the papacy and their attachment to traditional liturgical forms.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bernard Tissier de Mallerais</span> French Traditionalist Catholic bishop

Bernard Tissier de Mallerais is a French traditionalist Catholic prelate, serving as a bishop of the Society of Saint Pius X.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alfonso de Galarreta</span> Spanish-Argentine bishop (born 1957)

Alfonso de Galarreta Genua,, is a Spanish-born Argentine bishop of the Society of Saint Pius X. Bishop de Galarreta has served as the First Assistant of the Society of Saint Pius X, working under the direction of the Superior General Fr. Davide Pagliarani, since 2018. In addition to this, Bishop de Galaretta has been the President of the SSPX—Vatican Commission since 2009, which directs the Society's correspondence with the Holy See.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">International Seminary of Saint Pius X</span>

The International Seminary of Saint Pius X in Écône, Valais, Switzerland, is the premier seminary of the Roman Catholic traditionalist Society of Saint Pius X (SSPX). The seminary is one of the six houses for formation for the future priests of the Society of Saint Pius X. The Seminary was founded in 1970 by Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre, and his tomb can be found there.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Antônio de Castro Mayer</span> Brazilian Catholic clergyman

Antônio de Castro Mayer was a Brazilian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. A Traditionalist Catholic and ally of Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre, he was Bishop of Campos from 1949 until his resignation in 1981.

The Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei was a commission of the Catholic Church established by Pope John Paul II's motu proprioEcclesia Dei of 2 July 1988 for the care of those former followers of Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre who broke with him as a result of his consecration of four priests of his Society of St. Pius X as bishops on 30 June 1988, an act that the Holy See deemed illicit and a schismatic act. It was also tasked with trying to return to full communion with the Holy See those traditionalist Catholics who are in a state of separation, of whom the Society of Saint Pius X (SSPX) is foremost, and of helping to satisfy just aspirations of people unconnected with these groups who want to keep alive the pre-1970 Roman Rite liturgy.

Validity and liceity are concepts in the Catholic Church. Validity designates an action which produces the effects intended; an action which does not produce the effects intended is considered "invalid". Liceity designates an action which has been performed legitimately; an action which has not been performed legitimately is considered "illicit". Some actions can be illicit, but still be valid.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Écône consecrations</span> 1988 controversial consecrations performed by Catholic Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre

The Écône consecrations were Catholic episcopal consecrations in Écône, Switzerland, on 30 June 1988 performed by Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre and Bishop Antônio de Castro Mayer. The bishops consecrated were four priests of Lefebvre's Society of Saint Pius X (SSPX). The consecrations, performed against the explicit orders of Pope John Paul II, represented a milestone in the troubled relationship of Lefebvre and the SSPX with the Church leadership. The Holy See's Congregation for Bishops issued a decree signed by its Prefect Cardinal Bernardin Gantin declaring that Lefebvre and De Castro Mayer had incurred automatic excommunication by consecrating the bishops without papal consent, thus putting himself and his followers in schism.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Priestly Society of Saint Josaphat</span> Ukrainian Traditionalist Catholic society

The Priestly Society of Saint Josaphat Kuntsevych (SSJK) is a society of traditionalist priests and seminarians originating from the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church which is led by the excommunicated priest Basil Kovpak. It is based in Riasne, Lviv, Western Ukraine. In Lviv, the society maintains a seminary, at which currently thirty students reside, and takes care of a small convent of Basilian sisters. The SSJK is affiliated with the Society of St. Pius X and Holy Orders are conferred by the latter society's bishops in the Roman Rite. The SSJK clergymen, however, exclusively follow a version of Slavonic Byzantine Rite in the Ruthenian recension.

Summorum Pontificum is an apostolic letter of Pope Benedict XVI, issued in July 2007. This letter specifies the circumstances in which priests of the Latin Church could celebrate Mass according to what Benedict XVI called the "Missal promulgated by Blessed John XXIII in 1962" and administer most of the sacraments in the form used before the liturgical reforms that followed the Second Vatican Council.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pope Benedict XVI and ecumenism</span> Ecumenism discourse

Pope Benedict XVI, who led the Roman Catholic Church as Pope from 2005 to 2013, continued manouevring the Church through the dynamics of modernity, which the Church had begun engaging in with the Second Vatican Council. Because the question of religious pluralism is a key issue raised by modernity, ecumenism, the establishment of harmony and dialogue between the different Christian denominations, is a significant concern of a post Second Vatican Council Church. Pope Benedict XVI's approach has been characterised as leaning toward the conservative while still being expansive and engaged, involving the full breadth of Christendom, including the Orthodox Churches and Protestant churches, as well as freshly engaging with other Christian bodies considered by Roman Catholics to be more heterodox, such as the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

There have been several controversies surrounding the Society of St. Pius X, many of which concern political support for non-democratic regimes, alleged antisemitism, and the occupation of church buildings. The Society of St. Pius X is an international organisation founded in 1970 by the French traditionalist Catholic archbishop Marcel Lefebvre.

For a number of years after the controversial 1988 consecrations, there was little if any dialogue between the Society of St. Pius X and the Holy See. This state of affairs ended when the Society led a large pilgrimage to Rome for the Jubilee in the year 2000.

The canonical situation of the Society of Saint Pius X (SSPX), a group founded in 1970 by Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre, is unresolved. The Society of Saint Pius X has been the subject of much controversy since 1988, when Bernard Fellay, Bernard Tissier de Mallerais, Richard Williamson and Alfonso de Galarreta were illicitly consecrated at Ecône, at the International Seminary of Saint Pius X as bishops in violation of canon law. Lefebvre and the four other SSPX bishops individually incurred a disciplinary latae sententiae excommunication for the schismatic act; the excommunications of the four living SSPX bishops were remitted in 2009.

<i>Marcel Lefebvre – Archbishop in Stormy Times</i> 2012 French film

Monseigneur Lefebvre, un évêque dans la tempête is a 2012 documentary film by French director Jacques-Régis du Cray, primarily based on the biography A biography of Archbishop Lefebvre written by Bishop Bernard Tissier de Mallerais.

Davide Pagliarani is an Italian traditionalist Catholic priest of the Society of Saint Pius X (SSPX) who has served as its superior general since 2018.

References

  1. Apostolic Letter 'Ecclesia Dei' Archived January 29, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
  2. Video on YouTube on YouTube
  3. 1 2 Decree remitting the excommunication latae sententiae of the Bishops of the Society of St Pius X Archived September 12, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  4. Apostolic letter Ecclesia Dei (July 2, 1988). Vatican.va. Accessed May 18, 2017.
  5. Interview for 30 days Archived 2006-02-13 at the Wayback Machine (2005). 30giorni. Retrieved May 18, 2017.
  6. SSPX FAQ Question 11 Archived 2011-04-12 at the Wayback Machine (29 June 1987). SSPX.org. Retrieved May 18, 2017.
  7. The 1988 consecrations: a theological study Archived 2011-08-07 at the Wayback Machine (July & September 1999). Sì sì no no via SSPX.org. Retrieved May 18, 2017.
  8. The 1988 consecrations: a canonical study Archived 2011-08-07 at the Wayback Machine (November 1999). Sì sì no no via SSPX.org. Retrieved May 18, 2017.
  9. Interview with Bishop Fellay about Papal Audience Archived February 24, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
  10. Letter of the Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei of 29 September 1995)
  11. Homily on 25 January 2009 Archived 3 June 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  12. "Father Florian Abrahamowicz has for some time been expressing opinions differing from the official views of the Society of St. Pius X. The painful decision to expel him has become necessary in order to avoid having the image of the Society of St. Pius X further distorted with consequent harm to its work at the service of the Church." Lefebvriani, Fraternità San Pio X espelle prete negazionista Archived 2015-07-24 at the Wayback Machine 5 February 2009
  13. "Cardinal: If Lefebvre had seen proper Mass, he may not have split". Catholic News Agency. Retrieved 2020-08-28.
  14. "Traditionalist bishop cites lack of progress in talks with Vatican". Archived from the original on 2011-02-23. Retrieved 2011-02-23.
  15. Bishop Williamson, "Doctrine Undermined", 26 May 2012 Archived May 28, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
  16. 1 2 John Vennari, "Bishop Fellay on Pope Francis 'What we have before us is a genuine Modernist!'" in Archived 2015-07-08 at the Wayback Machine Catholic Family News , October 2013
  17. Catholic, New. "RORATE CÆLI: SSPX Bp. Fellay on Pope Francis: "He has read the biography of Abp. Lefebvre twice - and he liked it."And some other important revelations". RORATE CÆLI. Retrieved 2020-08-28.
  18. Sieczkowski, Cavan (January 8, 2013). "Bernard Fellay, Head Of Traditionalist Catholic Sect, Says Jews Are 'Enemies Of The Church'". The Huffington Post. Retrieved May 19, 2017.
  19. "SSPX USA District press release: Bishop Fellay's comment "enemies of the Church"". Archived from the original on 2013-03-22. Retrieved 2013-03-18.
  20. William A. Torchia, Esq. "Bishop Fellay Blesses Crib in European Parliament".
  21. "Il presepe napoletano a Bruxelles: chi lo porta? Il leghista Borghezio". Il Mattino (in Italian). December 5, 2018. Retrieved October 15, 2020.
  22. "Presepe lefebvriano al Parlamento europeo". December 6, 2014.[ permanent dead link ]
  23. Prestigiacomo, Dario (December 7, 2018). "Il presepe napoletano al Parlamento Ue. E lo porta la Lega (in ritardo)" (in Italian). Archived from the original on December 7, 2018. Retrieved October 15, 2020.
  24. "SSPX bishops authorized to ordain priests without permission of local bishops | News Headlines". www.catholicculture.org. Retrieved 2020-08-28.
  25. "Conservative Theologians Accuse Pope of Spreading Heresy". New York Times. Retrieved September 25, 2017.
  26. "New Superior of the SSPX - Father Davide Pagliarani". Gloria.tv. July 11, 2018.