Bromus catharticus

Last updated

Bromus catharticus
Starr 080418-4233 Bromus catharticus.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Poaceae
Subfamily: Pooideae
Genus: Bromus
Species:
B. catharticus
Binomial name
Bromus catharticus
Synonyms [1]
  • Bromus angustatusPilg.
  • Bromus bolivianusRenvoize
  • Bromus breviaristatus(Hook.) Thurb. nom. illeg.
  • Bromus brongniartiiKunth
  • Bromus haenkeanus(J.Presl) Kunth
  • Bromus mathewsiiSteud.
  • Bromus mucronatusWilld. ex Steud. nom. inval.
  • Bromus presliiKunth
  • Bromus schraderiKunth nom. illeg.
  • Bromus strictusBrongn. nom. illeg.
  • Bromus unioloides(Willd.) Kunth ex Raspail nom. illeg.
  • Bromus unioloidesKunth
  • Bromus willdenowiiKunth
  • Ceratochloa australisSpreng. ex Steud. nom. inval.
  • Ceratochloa breviaristataHook.
  • Ceratochloa cathartica(Vahl) Herter
  • Ceratochloa festucoidesP.Beauv. nom. inval.
  • Ceratochloa haenkeanaJ.Presl
  • Ceratochloa pendulaSchrad.
  • Ceratochloa secundaJ.Presl
  • Ceratochloa simplexNees
  • Ceratochloa submuticaSteud. [Spelling variant]
  • Ceratochloa unioloides(Willd.) P.Beauv.
  • Ceratochloa willdenowii(Kunth) W.A.Weber
  • Festuca quitensisSpreng. nom. illeg.
  • Festuca unioloidesWilld.
  • Forasaccus breviaristatus(Hook.) Lunell
  • Schedonorus unioloides(Kunth) Roem. & Schult.
  • Serrafalcus unioloides(Kunth) Samp.
  • Tragus unioloides(Willd.) B.D.Jacks. nom. inval.
  • Zerna unioloides(Kunth) Lindm.

Bromus catharticus is a species of brome grass known by the common names rescuegrass, grazing brome, prairie grass, and Schrader's bromegrass. [2] The specific epithet catharticus is Latin, meaning cathartic. The common name rescuegrass refers to the ability of the grass to provide forage after harsh droughts or severe winters. The grass has a diploid number of 42.

Contents

It is native to South America but it can be found in other places, including Europe, Australia and North America, as an introduced species.

Description

Bromus catharticus is a coarse winter annual or biennial grass, growing 0.2–1 m (7.9 in – 3 ft 3.4 in) in height. The culms of the grass are glabrous and 2–4 mm (0.079–0.157 in) thick. The sheaths are densely hairy. The grass lacks auricles and the glabrous ligule is 1–4 mm (0.039–0.157 in) long. The leaf blades are 4–30 cm (1.6–11.8 in) long and 3–10 mm (0.12–0.39 in) wide and are glabrous or pubescent. The erect or nodding panicles are 9–28 cm (3.5–11.0 in) long. The upper spikelets are erect and the lower spikelets are nodding or drooping. Each flat and pointed spikelet is 20–40 mm (0.79–1.57 in) long and has four to twelve florets. The glumes are smooth or occasionally slightly scabrous. The lower glume is fie to seven-veined and 7–12 mm (0.28–0.47 in) long, and the upper glume is seven to nine-veined and 9–17 mm (0.35–0.67 in) long. The lemmas are scabrous or nearly glabrous and lack awns or possess very short awns 2 mm (0.079 in) in length. The lemmas are 11–20 mm (0.43–0.79 in) long. The palea is over half the length of the lemma. The anthers are 0.5–5 mm (0.020–0.197 in) long. [3] [4]

Habitat

Bromus catharticus grows in open and disturbed areas. [5]

Related Research Articles

<i>Bromus arvensis</i> Species of grass

Bromus arvensis, the field brome, is a brome grass native to Europe and Asia. The specific epithet arvensis is Latin, meaning "of cultivated land".

<i>Bromus hordeaceus</i> Species of grass

Bromus hordeaceus, the soft brome, is an annual or biennial species of grass in the grass family (Poaceae). It is also known in North America as bull grass, soft cheat, and soft chess.

<i>Bromus secalinus</i> Species of grass

Bromus secalinus is a species of bromegrass known as rye brome. The specific epithet secalinus is Latin, meaning "rye-like". The fruits are hard, rounded glumes that appear superficially similar to the rye grain, which gives the brome its common and scientific name. The grass has a diploid number of 28.

<i>Bromus madritensis</i> Species of grass

Bromus madritensis is a species of brome grass known by the common name compact brome. The specific epithet madritensis refers to Madrid, Spain. It has a diploid number of 28.

<i>Bromus briziformis</i> Species of grass

Bromus briziformis is a species of brome grass known by the common name rattlesnake brome. The specific epithet briziformis comes from the resemblance of the grass to grasses of the genus Briza, particularly Briza maxima. The common name is derived from the resemblance of the spikelets to the rattles of rattlesnakes. The grass has a diploid number of 14.

<i>Bromus ciliatus</i> Species of grass

Bromus ciliatus is a species of brome grass known by the common name fringed brome. It is native to most of North America, including most of Canada, most of the United States except for some portions of the South, and northern Mexico. It is a plant of many habitats, including temperate coniferous forest. The specific epithet ciliatus is Latin for "ciliate", referring to the delicate hairs of the leaf blades.

<i>Bromus kalmii</i> Species of grass

Bromus kalmii, Kalm's brome, is a species of brome grass. It is a native bunchgrass in the North-central and Northeastern United States, the Great Lakes region, and eastern Canada. The specific epithet kalmii refers to its discoverer Pehr Kalm.

<i>Bromus erectus</i> Species of grass

Bromus erectus, commonly known as erect brome, upright brome or meadow brome, is a dense, course, tufted perennial grass. It can grow to 120 centimetres (47 in). Like many brome grasses the plant is hairy. The specific epithet erectus is Latin, meaning "erect". The diploid number of the grass is 56.

<i>Bromus aleutensis</i> Species of flowering plant

Bromus aleutensis, commonly known as the Aleutian brome, is a perennial grass found in North America. B. aleutensis has a diploid number of 56.

<i>Bromus latiglumis</i> Species of grass

Bromus latiglumis, the earlyleaf brome, is a grass native to North America. The specific epithet latiglumis is Latin for "broad-glumed", referring to the wide glumes.

<i>Bromus nottowayanus</i> Species of grass

Bromus nottowayanus, the Nottoway Valley brome or satin brome, is a brome grass native to North America. The specific epithet nottowayanus refers to the Nottoway Valley. The grass has a diploid number of 14.

<i>Bromus japonicus</i> Species of grass

Bromus japonicus, the Japanese brome, is an annual brome grass native to Eurasia. The grass has a diploid number of 14.

<i>Bromus squarrosus</i> Species of grass

Bromus squarrosus, the rough brome, is a brome grass native to Russia and Europe. The specific epithet squarrosus is Latin, meaning "with spreading tips". The grass has a diploid number of 14.

<i>Festuca saximontana</i> Species of grass

Festuca saximontana, the rocky mountain fescue or the mountain fescue, is a perennial grass native to North America. The specific epithet saximontana is Latin and means "of the Rocky Mountains". The grass has a diploid number of 42.

<i>Bromus rigidus</i> Species of grass

Bromus rigidus, the ripgut brome, is a grass native to Eurasia and naturalized in North America. The specific epithet rigidus means rigid or stiff.

Bromus pacificus, the Pacific brome, is a perennial grass native to the Pacific coast of North America. Bromus pacificus has a diploid number of 28.

Vulpia elliotea, known by the common name sand fescue or squirreltail fescue, is an annual grass native to the southeastern United States. Its specific epithet elliotea is named for its discoverer, Stephen Elliott.

<i>Glyceria melicaria</i> Species of grass

Glyceria melicaria, the melic mannagrass or northeastern mannagrass, is a perennial grass found in the eastern United States. Its specific epithet melicaria means "similar to Melica". Its diploid number is 40.

<i>Brachyelytrum erectum</i> Species of grass

Brachyelytrum erectum, known as the southern shorthusk or the southern long-awned woodgrass, is a perennial grass native to North America. Its specific epithet "erectum" refers to the erect culms of the grass. Its diploid number is 22.

<i>Bromus racemosus</i> Species of grass in the genus Bromus

Bromus racemosus, the smooth brome or bald brome, is a species of flowering plant in the family Poaceae. It is native to subarctic and temperate Eurasia, and widely introduced elsewhere, including North America, Iceland, the Southern Cone of South America, the Korean Peninsula, Australia, and New Zealand. It grows in alkaline meadows and in waste places.

References

  1. The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species , retrieved 12 November 2015
  2. "Bromus catharticus". Germplasm Resources Information Network . Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture . Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  3. Merrit Lyndon Fernald (1970). R. C. Rollins (ed.). Gray's Manual of Botany (Eighth (Centennial) - Illustrated ed.). D. Van Nostrand Company. p. 102. ISBN   0-442-22250-5.
  4. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (1993). Flora of North America: North of Mexico. Vol. 24. Oxford University Press. p. 201. ISBN   9780195310719.
  5. James P. Smith (2014). Field Guide to Grasses of California. California Natural History Guides (illustrated ed.). University of California Press. p. 206. ISBN   9780520275683.