Broughton | |
---|---|
St Mary the Virgin parish church | |
Formal gardens at Broughton Castle | |
Location within Oxfordshire | |
Area | 3.94 km2 (1.52 sq mi) |
Population | 286 (2011 Census) |
• Density | 73/km2 (190/sq mi) |
OS grid reference | SP4238 |
Civil parish |
|
District | |
Shire county | |
Region | |
Country | England |
Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
Post town | Banbury |
Postcode district | OX15 |
Dialling code | 01295 |
Police | Thames Valley |
Fire | Oxfordshire |
Ambulance | South Central |
UK Parliament | |
Broughton is a village and civil parish in northern Oxfordshire, England, about 2+1⁄2 miles (4 km) southwest of Banbury. The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 286. [1]
The Domesday Book of 1086 records the place-name as Brohtune and an episcopal register from 1224 records it as Broctona. The name is derived from Old English and in this case means tūn ("farm") on a brōc ("brook"). [2]
Before the Norman Conquest of 1066 Thorgautr Lagr held the manor of Broughton. [3] By 1086 the parish of Broughton was part of the hundred of Bloxham, held by tenant-in-chief Berengarii de Todeni (Berengar de Tosny), [3] eldest son of Robert de Todeni. Berengar's sister Albreda inherited Broughton, so her husband Robert de Insula was next to manage the profitable manor. [4] The Domesday Book records that in 1086 Broughton parish had two watermills. By 1444 there were at least three, one of which was a fulling mill. By 1685 there was a second fulling mill, and both mills supplied the local woollen industry. Fulling and cloth-dyeing remained local industries until early in the 20th century. [5]
Broughton Castle is a 14th- to 16th-century country house and the ancestral seat of the Lords Saye and Sele (the Fiennes family). It is a Scheduled Monument [6] and Grade I listed building. [7]
In the 17th century Broughton's agriculture was mostly pasture for cattle and sheep, which has given to the parish such field names as Dairy Ground, Grazing Ground and New Close Pasture. Improved crop rotation in the agricultural revolution increased arable farming in the parish, with crops being diversified in the 18th century to include clover, flax, hops, sainfoin and woad. Some of these crops have given place names to the parish such as Sandfine Wood, Sandfine Road and Woadmill Farm. Woad was still grown in 1827, when it was used locally for dyeing wool. [5] Broughton has a pair of Gothic Revival almshouses that were built in 1859. [8] [9]
The Church of England parish church of St Mary the Virgin is in the grounds of Broughton Castle. The church was built about 1300 in a style that is transitional from Early English to Decorated Gothic. [10] Clerestories were added to the south aisle late in the 14th century and to the nave in the 15th century. The church was restored in 1877–80 under the direction of George Gilbert Scott. It is a Grade I listed building. [11] Broughton Rectory was rebuilt in 1694. [8] It was altered three times in the 19th century: firstly by Richard Pace of Lechlade in 1808, and then with extensions by SP Cockerell in 1820 and HJ Underwood in 1842. [8] [12]
Worminghall is a village and civil parish in the Aylesbury Vale district of Buckinghamshire, England.
Bloxham is a village and civil parish in northern Oxfordshire several miles from the Cotswolds, about 3 miles (5 km) southwest of Banbury. It is on the edge of a valley and overlooked by Hobb Hill. The village is on the A361 road. The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 3,374.
Adwell is a village and civil parish about 3 miles (5 km) south of Thame in South Oxfordshire. The parish covers 443 acres (179 ha),
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Bampton, also called Bampton-in-the-Bush, is a settlement and civil parish in the Thames Valley about 4+1⁄2 miles (7 km) southwest of Witney in Oxfordshire. The parish includes the hamlet of Weald. The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 2,564.
Bletchingdon is a village and civil parish 2 miles (3 km) north of Kidlington and 6 miles (10 km) southwest of Bicester in Oxfordshire, England. Bletchingdon parish includes the hamlet of Enslow just over 1 mile (1.6 km) west of the village. The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 910.
North Newington is a village and civil parish in northern Oxfordshire, England, about 2 miles (3 km) west of Banbury. The 2011 Census recorded the parish population as 324. The parish is nearly 2 miles (3 km) long east – west and about 1 mile (1.6 km) wide north – south. Sor Brook, a tributary of the River Cherwell, forms part of the eastern boundary of the parish and the B4035 road forms part of the southern boundary. The village is just west of Sor Brook, about 430 feet (130 m) above sea level.
Mollington is a village and civil parish about 4 miles (6.4 km) north of Banbury in Oxfordshire, England. The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 479.
Hampton Poyle is a village in the Cherwell valley in Oxfordshire, England, about 1 mile (1.6 km) northeast of Kidlington and about 5 miles (8 km) north of the centre of Oxford. It is part of the civil parish of Hampton Gay and Poyle.
Kirtlington is a village and civil parish in Oxfordshire about 6+1⁄2 miles (10.5 km) west of Bicester. The parish includes the hamlet of Northbrook. The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 988.
Britwell Salome is a village and civil parish in South Oxfordshire, England centred 4+1⁄2 miles (7 km) northeast of Wallingford. The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 204.
Middleton Stoney is a village and civil parish about 2+1⁄2 miles (4 km) west of Bicester, Oxfordshire. The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 331.
Shenington is a village about 5 miles (8 km) west of Banbury in the United Kingdom. It was an exclave of Gloucestershire until the Counties Act 1844 transferred it to Oxfordshire. Shenington is on Oxfordshire's boundary with Warwickshire. Shenington was an ancient parish of 1,628 acres (659 ha). It is now part of the civil parish of Shenington with Alkerton.
Balscote or Balscott is a village in the civil parish of Wroxton, Oxfordshire, about 4 miles (6.4 km) west of Banbury. The Domesday Book of 1086 records the place-name as Berescote. Curia regis rolls from 1204 and 1208 record it as Belescot. An entry in the Book of Fees for 1242 records it as Balescot. Its origin is Old English, meaning the cottage, house or manor of a man called Bælli.
Drayton is a village and civil parish in the valley of the Sor Brook in Oxfordshire, about 2 miles (3 km) northwest of Banbury. The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 242.
Epwell is a village and civil parish in the north of Oxfordshire about 6 miles (10 km) west of Banbury. The 2011 Census recorded the parish population's as 285. Epwell's toponym is believed to be derived from the Old English Eoppa's Well.
Chesterton is a village and civil parish on Gagle Brook, a tributary of the Langford Brook in north Oxfordshire. The village is about 1+1⁄2 miles (2.4 km) southwest of the market town of Bicester. The village has sometimes been called Great Chesterton to distinguish it from the hamlet of Little Chesterton, about 3⁄4 mile (1.2 km) to the south in the same parish. The 2011 Census recorded the parish population as 850.
Alkerton is a village about 5 miles (8 km) west of Banbury in Oxfordshire, on the county boundary with Warwickshire.
Hardwick is a village in the civil parish of Hardwick with Tusmore about 4.5 miles (7 km) north of Bicester in Oxfordshire.
Fotherby is a village and civil parish in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated just east from the A16 road, 13 miles (21 km) east from Market Rasen, and 10 miles (16 km) south from Cleethorpes.